La psicologia della Gestalt. Ricerche teoriche e sperimentali sulla percezione sonora e musicale (1890-1939)

The aim of the present work is a historical survey on Gestalt trends in psychological research between late 19th and the first half of 20th century with privileged reference to sound and musical perception by means of a reconsideration of experimental and theoretical literature. Ernst Mach and Christian von Ehrenfels gave rise to the debate about Gestaltqualität which notably grew thanks to the ‘Graz School’ (Alexius Meinong, Stephan Witasek, Anton Faist, Vittorio Benussi), where the object theory and the production theory of perception were worked out. Stumpf’s research on Tonpsychologie and Franz Brentano’s tradition of ‘act psychology’ were directly involved in this debate, opposing to Wilhelm Wundt’s conception of the discipline; this clearly came to light in Stumpf’s controversy with Carl Lorenz and Wundt on Tondistanzen. Stumpf’s concept of Verschmelzung and his views about consonance and concordance led him to some disputes with Theodor Lipps and Felix Krueger, lasting more than two decades. Carl Stumpf was responsible for education of a new generation of scholars during his teaching at the Berlin University: his pupils Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Koffka and Max Wertheimer established the so-called ‘Berlin School’ and promoted the official Gestalt theory since the 1910s. After 1922 until 1938 they gave life and led together with other distinguished scientists the «Psychologische Forschung», a scientific journal in which ‘Gestalt laws’ and many other acoustical studies on different themes (such as sound localization, successive comparison, phonetic phenomena) were exposed. During the 1920s Erich Moritz von Hornbostel gave important contributions towards the definition of an organic Tonsystem in which sound phenomena could find adequate arrangement. Last section of the work contains descriptions of Albert Wellek’s studies, Kurt Huber’s vowel researches and aspects of melody perception, apparent movement and phi-phenomenon in acoustical field. The work contains also some considerations on the relationships among tone psychology, musical psychology, Gestalt psychology, musical aesthetics and musical theory. Finally, the way Gestalt psychology changed earlier interpretations is exemplified by the decisive renewal of perception theory, the abandon of Konstanzannahme, some repercussions on theory of meaning as organization and on feelings in musical experience.

Ausgewähltes über das "Auserwählte Volk" : neuer Beitrag zur Klärung und Lösung der Judenfrage

von Fr. v. Saldenhofen

Wo steckt der Mauschel?: Oder jüdischer Liberalismus und wissenschaftlicher Pessimismus : ein offener Brief an W. Marr

von M. Reymond

Wo steckt der Mauschel? : Oder jüdischer Liberalismus und wissenschaftlicher Pessimismus : ein offener Brief an W. Marr

von M. Reymond

Hemodynamics analyses in treated and untreated carotid arteries of the same patient: A preliminary study based on three patient cases

Carotid atherosclerotic disease is highly related to cerebrovascular events. Carotid endarterectomy is the common operation method to treat this disease. In this study, hemodynamics analyses are performed on the carotid arteries in three patients, whose right carotid artery had been treated by carotid endarterectomy and the left carotid artery remained untreated. Flow and loading conditions are compared between these treated and untreated carotid arteries and evaluation of the operative results is discussed. Patient-specific models are reconstructed from MDCT data. Intraoperative ultrasound flow measurements are performed on the treated carotid arteries and the obtained data are used as the boundary conditions of the models and the validations of the computational results. Finite volume method is employed to solve the transport equations and the flow and loading conditions of the models are reported. The results indicate that: (i) in two of the three patients, the internal-to-external flow rate ratio in the untreated carotid artery is larger than that in the treated one, and the average overall flow split ratio by summing up the data of both the left and right carotid arteries is about 2.15; (ii) in the carotid bulb, high wall shear stress occurs at the bifurcation near the external carotid artery in all of the cases without hard plaques; (iii) the operated arteries present low time-averaged wall shear stress at the carotid bulb, especially for the treated arteries with patch technique, indicating the possibility of the recurrence of stenosis; (iv) high temporal gradient of wall shear stress (>35 Pa/s) is shown in the narrowing regions along the vessels; and (v) in the carotid arteries without serious stenosis, the maximum velocity magnitude during mid-diastole is 32~37% of that at systolic peak, however, in the carotid artery with 50% stenosis by hard plaques, this value is nearly doubled (64%). The computational work quantifies flow and loading distributions in the treated and untreated carotid arteries of the same patient, contributing to evaluation of the operative results and indicating the recurrent sites of potential atheromatous plaques.

Les moeurs des israélites et celles des chrétiens

par [Claude] Fleury

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 27 - Dankesschreiben an den Mitherausgeber der Wertausgabe Immanuel Kants, Professor Karl Rosenkranz, anlässlich der Umsetzung der empfohlenen Veränderungen in der Edition der "Kritik der reinen Vernunft"

u.a.: Kritik an Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Leibnitzianismus; Kollationierung 1. und 5. Ausgabe der "Kritik der reinen Vernunft"; Preisschrift von Immanuel Kant über die Fortschritte der Methaphysik von 1804; Platon; Geschenk einer Kant Handschrift von dem Maler Moses Siegfried Lowe (Löwe); Kant-Gemälde in der Wohnung Schopenhauers; Briefe von Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi und Johann Gottfried Herder; Vergleich einzelner Kant-Gemälden der Künstler Johann Heinrich Lips, Johann Friedrich Bause, A.G. Thilo und Johann Meno Haas; Berkleyischer Idealismus; Zusammenfassung der Philosophie von Kant durch Ludwig Friedrich Otto Baumgarten-Crusius; Hübners Zeitungslexikon; Kritik an der Rezension von Henry Brougham; Subjektiver Wille; kritische Meinungsäußerung über Thaddäus Anselm Rixner; Erwähnung der Kant Bearbeitung durch Schopenhauer im 1812 erschienen "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie" von Wilhelm Gottlieb Tennemann;

Der kleine Partheigänger und Krieger vorzüglich für den jungen Scharfschützen ...

von W. v. Reiche, Lieutenant beim Königl. Preuß. Regiment

Bibliotheca mexicana: or, A catalogue of the library of rare books and important manuscripts relating to Mexico and other parts of Spanish America, formed by the late Señor Don José Fernando Ramirez ...days of sale ...July [7-9, 12-13, 1880] ...sold ...by Puttick and Simpson ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Melodie und Skala /

Offprint: Jahrbuch der Musikbibliothek Peters, 19. Jahrgang (Leipzig: C.F. Peters, 1913).

Musik /

Offprint: Die Pangwe / Günter Tessmann. Bd. 2, Abschnitt 20.

Vorletzter Weltgang,

Bound with the author's Reminiscenzen für Semilasso. Stuttgart, 1837.

Schiller-Gallerie /

Illustrations: 21 albumen prints, mounted on card stock.