152 resultados para Schütz


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In dieser Arbeit wird ein modulares Agentensystem entworfen und auf einer marktüblichen PC-basierten SPS-Steuerung implementiert, welches in der Lage ist, den logistischen Anlagenteil eines Hybriden Prozessmodells abhängig von einem dynamischen Energiepreis zu steuern. Dies wird durch die Rekonfiguration und energetische Optimierung der Funktionen einzelner Module auf Grundlage eines Umweltmodells durch Softwareagenten erreicht. Dieses Umweltmodell wird zunächst in verschiedenen Diagrammen der objektorientierten Modellierungssprachen UML und SysML modelliert. Hierfür werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit dazu notwendige Erweiterungen des Timing-Diagramms der UML entworfen. Das Agentensystem wird mit der Methode Gaia entworfen. Durch das in dieser Methode enthaltene Rollenkonzept werden Möglichkeiten zur Wiederverwendung von Teilen des Entwurfs auch innerhalb von anderen Arbeiten ermöglicht. Die Echtzeitanforderungen, welche sich an die Steuerungssoftware des logistischen Prozesses ergeben, können bei dem Entwurf durch Gaia modelliert werden. Das im Vorgehen nach Gaia enthaltene Bekanntschaftsmodell wird um die Darstellung weiterer wichtiger Informationen erweitert.

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„Jeder Mensch muss lernen wie er oder sie eine Zukunft im Sinne der Nachhaltigen Entwicklung für sich und gemeinsam mit anderen gestalten kann“ (de Haan 2009, S. 9 f.). Auf den Weltkonferenzen in Rio de Janeiro 1992 und Johannesburg 2002 wurde diese Vorgabe für die Politik und schließlich für die Bildung ausgegeben. Die Aufgabe besteht nun darin, Wege zu finden dies zu erreichen und umzusetzen. Bei den damit einhergehenden Überlegungen spielt die Bildung eine immens wichtige Rolle. An diesem Punkt setzt die vorliegende Arbeit an. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Überprüfung der These, dass Bildung, durch die Ermöglichung eines Bewusstseinswandels der Menschen im Bezug auf nachhaltige Entwicklung als eine Antwort auf die mit dem Globalisierungsprozess verbundenen Probleme verstanden werden kann. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Bildungskonzepte, wie die Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung , untersucht und es wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie ein Unterricht im Sinne der nachhaltigen Entwicklung gestaltet werden muss.

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The present study investigates the systematics and evolution of the Neotropical genus Deuterocohnia Mez (Bromeliaceae). It provides a comprehensive taxonomic revision as well as phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences and presents a hypothesis on the evolution of the genus. A broad morphological, anatomical, biogeographical and ecological overview of the genus is given in the first part of the study. For morphological character assessment more than 700 herbarium specimens from 39 herbaria as well as living plant material in the field and in the living collections of botanical gardens were carefully examined. The arid habitats, in which the species of Deuterocohnia grow, are reflected by the morphological and anatomical characters of the species. Important characters for species delimitation were identified, like the length of the inflorescence, the branching order, the density of flowers on partial inflorescences, the relation of the length of the primary bracts to that of the partial inflorescence, the sizes of floral bracts, sepals and petals, flower colour, the presence or absence of a pedicel, the curvature of the stamina and the petals during anthesis. After scrutinizing the nomenclatural history of the taxa belonging to Deuterocohnia – including the 1992 syonymized genus Abromeitiella – 17 species, 4 subspecies and 4 varieties are accepted in the present revision. Taxonomic changes were made in the following cases: (I) New combinations: A. abstrusa (A. Cast.) N. Schütz is re-established – as defined by Castellanos (1931) – and transfered to D. abstrusa; D. brevifolia (Griseb.) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. includes accessions of the former D. lorentziana (Mez) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm., which are not assigned to D. abstrusa; D. bracteosa W. Till is synonymized to D. strobilifera Mez; D. meziana Kuntze ex Mez var. carmineo-viridiflora Rauh is classified as a subspecies of D. meziana (ssp. carmineo-viridiflora (Rauh) N. Schütz); D. pedicellata W. Till is classified as a subspecies of D. meziana (ssp. pedicellata (W. Till) N. Schütz); D. scapigera (Rauh & L. Hrom.) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm ssp. sanctae-crucis R. Vásquez & Ibisch is classified as a species (D. sanctae-crucis (R. Vásquez & Ibisch) N. Schütz); (II) New taxa: a new subspecies of D. meziana Kuntze ex Mez is established; a new variety of D. scapigera is established; (the new taxa will be validly published elsewhere); (III) New type: an epitype for D. longipetala was chosen. All other species were kept according to Spencer and Smith (1992) or – in the case of more recently described species – according to the protologue. Beside the nomenclatural notes and the detailed descriptions, information on distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology and taxonomic delimitation is provided for the genus and for each of its species. An key was constructed for the identification of currently accepted species, subspecies and varieties. The key is based on easily detectable morphological characters. The former synonymization of the genus Abromeitiella into Deuterocohnia (Spencer and Smith 1992) is re-evalutated in the present study. Morphological as well as molecular investigations revealed Deuterocohnia incl. Abromeitiella as being monophyletic, with some indications that a monophyletic Abromeitiella lineage arose from within Deuterocohnia. Thus the union of both genera is confirmed. The second part of the present thesis describes and discusses the molecular phylogenies and networks. Molecular analyses of three chloroplast intergenic spacers (rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK, trnS-ycf3) were conducted with a sample set of 119 taxa. This set included 103 Deuterocohnia accessions from all 17 described species of the genus and 16 outgroup taxa from the remainder of Pitcairnioideae s.str. (Dyckia (8 sp.), Encholirium (2 sp.), Fosterella (4 sp.) and Pitcairnia (2 sp.)). With its high sampling density, the present investigation by far represents the most comprehensive molecular study of Deuterocohnia up till now. All data sets were analyzed separately as well as in combination, and various optimality criteria for phylogenetic tree construction were applied (Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian inferences and the distance method Neighbour Joining). Congruent topologies were generally obtained with different algorithms and optimality criteria, but individual clades received different degrees of statistical support in some analyses. The rps16-trnK locus was the most informative among the three spacer regions examined. The results of the chloroplast DNA analyses revealed a highly supported paraphyly of Deuterocohnia. Thus, the cpDNA trees divide the genus into two subclades (A and B), of which Deuterocohnia subclade B is sister to the included Dyckia and Encholirium accessions, and both together are sister to Deuterocohnia subclade A. To further examine the relationship between Deuterocohnia and Dyckia/Encholirium at the generic level, two nuclear low copy markers (PRK exon2-5 and PHYC exon1) were analysed with a reduced taxon set. This set included 22 Deuterocohnia accessions (including members of both cpDNA subclades), 2 Dyckia, 2 Encholirium and 2 Fosterella species. Phylogenetic trees were constructed as described above, and for comparison the same reduced taxon set was also analysed at the three cpDNA data loci. In contrast to the cpDNA results, the nuclear DNA data strongly supported the monophyly of Deuterocohnia, which takes a sister position to a clade of Dyckia and Encholirium samples. As morphology as well as nuclear DNA data generated in the present study and in a former AFLP analysis (Horres 2003) all corroborate the monophyly of Deuterocohnia, the apparent paraphyly displayed in cpDNA analyses is interpreted to be the consequence of a chloroplast capture event. This involves the introgression of the chloroplast genome from the common ancestor of the Dyckia/ Encholirium lineage into the ancestor of Deuterocohnia subclade B species. The chloroplast haplotypes are not species-specific in Deuterocohnia. Thus, one haplotype was sometimes shared by several species, where the same species may harbour different haplotypes. The arrangement of haplotypes followed geographical patterns rather than taxonomic boundaries, which may indicate some residual gene flow among populations from different Deuteroccohnia species. Phenotypic species coherence on the background of ongoing gene flow may then be maintained by sets of co-adapted alleles, as was suggested by the porous genome concept (Wu 2001, Palma-Silva et al. 2011). The results of the present study suggest the following scenario for the evolution of Deuterocohnia and its species. Deuterocohnia longipetala may be envisaged as a representative of the ancestral state within the genus. This is supported by (1) the wide distribution of this species; (2) the overlap in distribution area with species of Dyckia; (3) the laxly flowered inflorescences, which are also typical for Dyckia; (4) the yellow petals with a greenish tip, present in most other Deuterocohnia species. The following six extant lineages within Deuterocohnia might have independently been derived from this ancestral state with a few changes each: (I) D. meziana, D. brevispicata and D. seramisiana (Bolivia, lowland to montane areas, mostly reddish-greenish coloured, very laxly to very densely flowered); (II) D. strobilifera (Bolivia, high Andean mountains, yellow flowers, densely flowered); (III) D. glandulosa (Bolivia, montane areas, yellow-greenish flowers, densely flowered); (IV) D. haumanii, D. schreiteri, D. digitata, and D. chrysantha (Argentina, Chile, E Andean mountains and Atacama desert, yellow-greenish flowers, densely flowered); (V) D. recurvipetala (Argentina, foothills of the Andes, recurved yellow flowers, laxly flowered); (VI) D. gableana, D. scapigera, D. sanctae-crucis, D. abstrusa, D. brevifolia, D. lotteae (former Abromeitiella species, Bolivia, Argentina, higher Andean mountains, greenish-yellow flowers, inflorescence usually simple). Originating from the lower montane Andean regions, at least four lineages of the genus (I, II, IV, VI) adapted in part to higher altitudes by developing densely flowered partial inflorescences, shorter flowers and – in at least three lineages (II, IV, VI) – smaller rosettes, whereas species spreading into the lowlands (I, V) developed larger plants, laxly flowered, amply branched inflorescences and in part larger flowers (I).

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Agriculture in the Mojanda Watershed is facing rainfall reductions caused by climate change. Reductions of water availability in the Watershed are also due to constant extension of the agricultural activities into the páramo ecosystem above 3000m a.s.l., with this ecosystem having immanently important functions in the local water balance. The application of pesticides threatens the quality of water and with less precipitation contaminations will further concentrate in the outflow. To analyze problems associated with agricultural practices in the area a questionnaire about agricultural practices (28) was conducted and fields (20) were surveyed for pests and diseases with a focus on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), tree tomatoes (Solanum betaceum Cav.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.). Potatoes were infected to a low degree with Phytophthora infestans and according to the farmers the Andean potato weevil (Premnotrypes spec.) caused biggest losses. To combat the weevil the soils are disinfected with toxic Carbofuran (WHO Class 1B). Tree tomatoes showed symptoms of various fungal diseases. Most important was Fusarium solani causing the branches to rot and Anthracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) causing the fruits to rot. Fungicide applications were correspondingly high. Peas were only minorly affected by Ascochyta blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes) and a root rot. Overall 19 active ingredients were applied of which fungicide Mancozeb (WHO class table 5) and insecticide Carbofuran (WHO Class 1B) were applied the most. Approved IPM methods are advised to reduce pesticide use. For tree tomatoes regular cutting of branches infected with F. solani and regular collection and disposal of infected fruits with Anthracnosis are advised. For potatoes plastic barriers around the fields prevent the Andean potato weevil from laying eggs thus reducing infestation with the larvae in the tubers. Local bioinsecticide “Biol” seems effective and without harm to the environment, although not used by many farmers. Organic fertilization promises to restore decreasing soil fertility, water holding capacity and reduce erosion. The here presented alternatives and strategies to reduce pesticide use pose an opportunity to preserve the water resources of the region.

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Resumen tomado de la publicación. El fichero incluye una presentación del trabajo en pdf, la presentación en power point de cada uno los cuentos y un programa de instalación del Adobe Reader 7.0. El trabajo fué desarrollado en los Seminarios de Lengua Inglesa del CEP de Palma durante el curso 2004-2005

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Los derechos humanos constituyen, a todas luces, uno de los ejes y problemas constitutivos de la humanidad. Mucho se ha avanzado y trabajado en la aplicación, implementación y defensa de los mismos. Sin duda, el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (DIDH) constituye, junto con el llamado bloque constitucional, los mejores sustentos prácticos, esto es, al mismo tiempo jurídicos, políticos y sociales, para la defensa y promoción de los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, en general, en Colombia y en el mundo, existen pocos trabajos de fundamentación filosófica de los derechos humanos. La Universidad del Rosario presenta la tercera edición de este libro que se ha constituido en una referencia entre defensores de derechos humanos, juristas, académicos e investigadores en el tema. La tesis que sostiene el libro es sencilla: el fundamento de los derechos humanos es la vida, la vida humana en general, pero con ella, desde ella, también la vida sobre el planeta.

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Group Exhibition, curated by Katharina Schlieben including Johanna Billing, Constanze Böckmann, Henrik Busch, Copenhagen Free University, Alena Drahokoupilová & Karen Weinert, Paul Elsner , Franziska und Sophia Hoffmann, Saskia Holmkvist, Thomas Judisch, Nastasja Keller, Karen Koschnick, Andreja Kulunčić , Lecker & Heiss GbR (Levke Leiss und Karla Helene Hecker), MeineAkademie, Karolin Meunier, Constanze Nowak, Olivia Plender, Marion Porten, Prelom Kolektiv (Jelena Vesić und Radmila Joksimović), REINIGUNGSGESELLSCHAFT, Anna Schimkat, Claudia Schötz, Szuper Gallery, TkH (Walking Theory): Marta Popivoda und Ana Vujanović

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Risky water How the individual makes sense of unexpected parasites in the drinking water This quick response study was carried out with the aim to study how individuals made sense of the outbreak of the parasite Cryptosporidium in the drinking water in Ostersund. In total 24 interviews were made with people in Ostersund. The result shows that the interviewees related to social as well as spatial dimensions when they made sense of this risky situation, which can be understood in relation to the concept of sensemaking of risk. Six groups among the interviewees emerged in the analysis, illustrating how different aspects of the risk where focused in the process of sensemaking. Further, the study shows that the process of sensemaking was built upon direct as well as indirect social relations, where the interviewees made sense of the risk by relating to people who were close to them as well as to people to whom they had no personal relation. These indirect social relations were defined as: elderly, children and people in other countries, which also points at the fact that the interviewees made sense of the risk in a global context. Finally, the results suggest that social relations could be further explored in future studies in sensemaking of risk.

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No presente trabalho foram estudadas as variações sazonais do material orgânico e inorgânico transportado pelo efluente que deixa o Sistema Hidrológico do Taim via comportas de drenagem. O Sistema Hidrológico do Taim, localizado a sudeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, compreende um complexo de banhados e lagoas que trocam massas de água entre si e com sistemas lacustres adjacentes (Lagoa Mirim). Uma das principais características de banhados (“wetlands”) são os altos níveis de produção primária, relacionados principalmente a grande quantidade de macrófitas aquáticas presentes nestes ecossistemas, que associados a intensas variações dos níveis e dos fluxos de água, fazem com que estes tenham importância primordial na bacia da qual fazem parte no sentido de reterem ou exportarem biomassa detrítica e nutrientes. Neste sentido, esta dissertação pretende esclarecer sobre a dinâmica dos processos ecológicos ocorrentes em banhados e estabelecer metodologias que permitam uma melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos destes ecossistemas. Mais especificamente pretende definir e quantificar os padrões na exportação de matéria e nutrientes do Sistema Hidrológico do Taim para Lagoa Mirim e obter subsídios para compreender as influências destes banhados marginais em sistemas lacustres contíguos. Uma série de variáveis hidrometeorológicas (Precipitação, Velocidade do Vento e Nível da Coluna D’água) e físico-químico-biológicas (Temperatura, Condutividade, pH, ORP, Carbono Orgânico Total, DQO, Sólidos, Fósforo Total e Clorofila ) foram usadas para descrição do efluente e, ao longo do ano de 2002, duas campanhas paralelas realizaram coletas periódicas da água que deixa o banhado via as comportas drenagem situadas a norte do sistema Os resultados evidenciaram que grande parte do material transportado pelo efluente drenado do Sistema Hidrológico do Taim se encontra na forma dissolvida, além deste mostrar uma variação sazonal determinada principalmente pelos períodos de cheia e estiagem do banhado, que caracterizam o hidroperíodo, e pelo vento, fator constante e decisivo para a dinâmica de ecossistemas costeiros. A concentração de nutrientes na coluna d’água, e conseqüentemente carreada pelo efluente, é baixa, o que pode estar relacionado principalmente à rápida ciclagem e mobilização destes na biomassa vegetal.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)