Hacia una nueva definición de “rural” con fines estadísticos en América Latina

Incluye bibliografía

Segregação socioespacial em cidades pequenas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Interações rural-urbano: a sociobiodiversidade e o trabalho em portos, feiras e mercados de Belém, Pará

Muitas espécies que representam a sociobiodiversidade amazônica, além de seu papel ecológico, exercem também impacto na economia através de seus variados usos – alimentar, terapêutico, artesanal, ornamental – e refletem o potencial produtivo das ilhas do município de Belém e de outras partes do estado do Pará. A valorização desses produtos propulsiona as atividades nas feiras, portos e mercados pesquisados – o Complexo do Ver-o-Peso, Porto do Açaí, Porto da Palha, Complexo de Abastecimento do Jurunas e Feira da Orla de Icoarací – e garante a reprodução de grupos sociais rurais e trabalhadores informais urbanos, os quais se agregam em mais de mil indivíduos diretamente envolvidos em sua comercialização, organizados de maneira individual ou familiar, e na grande maioria recebendo uma renda mensal de um a três salários mínimos. É imprescindível considerar os portos da orla fluvial de Belém como locais de interação entre o rural e o urbano, de modo a permitir uma análise crítica das formas de apropriação da cidade, da produção e reprodução social do trabalho, dos atores envolvidos e dos benefícios da sociobiodiversidade.

Educação no campo e educação rural: distinção necessária para compreensão da realidade geográfica

The work’s objective is to point out the difference between rural / urban and country side / city, drawing on the historical process of formation of the terms and analyzing the current dichotomous and continuous, to clarify the concepts of education in rural and rural education, in an attempt to differentiate these types of education in accordance with the schools. Also works with the different conceptions of children, adolescents and youth of the rural that are mostly students from schools in the 1st and 2nd grade. On empirical evidences, we try to adapt the concepts studied in the School Municipal Agricultural Engenheiro Rubens Foot Guimarães, Rio Claro, SP

Determinações territoriais da agricultura mundializada: a soja nos espaços rurais e urbanos de Uruçuí-PI

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Urban Expansion and its impact on urban agriculture - remote sensing based change analysis of Kizinga and Mzinga Valley - Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel- oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwe llers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural - formal as well as informal - urbani- sation are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A mul- titemporal and multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualise the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the south of Dar Es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analysed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously, and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in- terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualise an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analysed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob- served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase the density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

Classifying and mapping the urban transition in Vietnam

The urban transition almost always involves wrenching social adjustment as small agricultural communities are forced to adjust rapidly to industrial ways of life. Large-scale in-migration of young people, usually from poor regions, creates enormous demand and expectations for community and social services. One immediate problem planners face in approaching this challenge is how to define, differentiate, and map what is rural, urban, and transitional (i.e., peri-urban). This project established an urban classification for Vietnam by using national census and remote sensing data to identify and map the smallest administrative units for which data are collected as rural, peri-urban, urban, or urban core. We used both natural and human factors in the quantitative model: income from agriculture, land under agriculture and forests, houses with modern sanitation, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Model results suggest that in 2006, 71% of Vietnam's 10,891 communes were rural, 18% peri-urban, 3% urban, and 4% urban core. Of the communes our model classified as peri-urban, 61% were classified by the Vietnamese government as rural. More than 7% of Vietnam's land area can be classified as peri-urban and approximately 13% of its population (more than 11 million people) lives in peri-urban areas. We identified and mapped three types of peri-urban places: communes in the periphery of large towns and cities; communes along highways; and communes associated with provincial administration or home to industrial, energy, or natural resources projects (e.g., mining). We validated this classification based on ground observations, analyses of multi-temporal night-time lights data, and an examination of road networks. The model provides a method for rapidly assessing the rural–urban nature of places to assist planners in identifying rural areas undergoing rapid change with accompanying needs for investments in building, sanitation, road infrastructure, and government institutions.

Urban expansion and its impact on urban agriculture – remote sensing based change analysis of Kizinga and Mzinga Valley – Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel-oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwellers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural, coupled with formal as well as infor-mal urbanization are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A multitemporal multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualize the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the South of Dar es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analyzed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in-terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualize an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analyzed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob-served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

Relaciones sociales en el mundo rural : Córdoba, 1780-1855

Como en otras regiones argentinas, la zona rural de Córdoba no estuvo habitada sólo por propieta-rios, esclavos y peones. Hubo otros pobladores menos visibles y que sólo aparecen en los documentos producidos por otros protagonistas. Nuestro objetivo fue visualizar y analizar, en el diverso mundo rural cordobés, las relaciones de poder, dependencia y cooperación que se producen entre los actores. Se utilizaron cuatro indicadores principales: los contratos rurales, las relaciones entre amos y esclavos, los litigios en torno a la propiedad de la tierra y las relaciones de parentesco y proximidad. Se pudo observar una complicada trama de relaciones de tensión, poder, dependencia, cooperación, reconocimiento y protección que caracterizan las formas esenciales del régimen social vigente

Relaciones sociales en el mundo rural : Córdoba, 1780-1855

Como en otras regiones argentinas, la zona rural de Córdoba no estuvo habitada sólo por propieta-rios, esclavos y peones. Hubo otros pobladores menos visibles y que sólo aparecen en los documentos producidos por otros protagonistas. Nuestro objetivo fue visualizar y analizar, en el diverso mundo rural cordobés, las relaciones de poder, dependencia y cooperación que se producen entre los actores. Se utilizaron cuatro indicadores principales: los contratos rurales, las relaciones entre amos y esclavos, los litigios en torno a la propiedad de la tierra y las relaciones de parentesco y proximidad. Se pudo observar una complicada trama de relaciones de tensión, poder, dependencia, cooperación, reconocimiento y protección que caracterizan las formas esenciales del régimen social vigente

Relaciones sociales en el mundo rural : Córdoba, 1780-1855

Como en otras regiones argentinas, la zona rural de Córdoba no estuvo habitada sólo por propieta-rios, esclavos y peones. Hubo otros pobladores menos visibles y que sólo aparecen en los documentos producidos por otros protagonistas. Nuestro objetivo fue visualizar y analizar, en el diverso mundo rural cordobés, las relaciones de poder, dependencia y cooperación que se producen entre los actores. Se utilizaron cuatro indicadores principales: los contratos rurales, las relaciones entre amos y esclavos, los litigios en torno a la propiedad de la tierra y las relaciones de parentesco y proximidad. Se pudo observar una complicada trama de relaciones de tensión, poder, dependencia, cooperación, reconocimiento y protección que caracterizan las formas esenciales del régimen social vigente

Relaciones sociales en el mundo rural : Córdoba, 1780-1855

Como en otras regiones argentinas, la zona rural de Córdoba no estuvo habitada sólo por propieta-rios, esclavos y peones. Hubo otros pobladores menos visibles y que sólo aparecen en los documentos producidos por otros protagonistas. Nuestro objetivo fue visualizar y analizar, en el diverso mundo rural cordobés, las relaciones de poder, dependencia y cooperación que se producen entre los actores. Se utilizaron cuatro indicadores principales: los contratos rurales, las relaciones entre amos y esclavos, los litigios en torno a la propiedad de la tierra y las relaciones de parentesco y proximidad. Se pudo observar una complicada trama de relaciones de tensión, poder, dependencia, cooperación, reconocimiento y protección que caracterizan las formas esenciales del régimen social vigente

Rural manpower dilemmas /

"A reprint from the 1971 Manpower report of the President."

Rural development in the 1990's [microform] : hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundredth Congress, second session, September 28, 1988.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 89 J841-10

Bait and Habitat Preferences, and Temporal Variability of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Attracted to Vertebrate Carrion

In addition to feeding on carrion tissues and fluids, social wasps can also prey on immature and adult carrion flies, thereby reducing their populations and retarding the decomposition process of carcasses. In this study, we report on the occurrence and behavior of social wasps attracted to vertebrate carrion. The collections were made monthly from September 2006 to October 2007 in three environments (rural, urban, and forest) in six municipalities of southeast Brazil, using baited bottle traps. We collected Agelaia pallipes (Olivier, 1791) (n = 143), Agelaia vicina (Saussure, 1854) (n = 106), Agelaia multipicta (Haliday, 1836) (n = 18), and Polybia paulista Ihering, 1896 (n = 3). The wasps were observed feeding directly on the baits and preying on adult insects collected in the traps. Bait and habitat associations, temporal variability of social wasps, and possible forensic implications of their actions are discussed.