Patterns of genetic variation in the endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola L., 1761)

Background: The European mink (Mustela lutreola, L. 1761) is a critically endangered mustelid, which inhabits several main river drainages in Europe. Here, we assess the genetic variation of existing populations of this species, including new sampling sites and additional molecular markers (newly developed microsatellite loci specific to European mink) as compared to previous studies. Probabilistic analyses were used to examine genetic structure within and between existing populations, and to infer phylogeographic processes and past demography. Results: According to both mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers, Northeastern (Russia, Estonia and Belarus) and Southeastern (Romania) European populations showed the highest intraspecific diversity. In contrast, Western European (France and Spain) populations were the least polymorphic, featuring a unique mitochondrial DNA haplotype. The high differentiation values detected between Eastern and Western European populations could be the result of genetic drift in the latter due to population isolation and reduction. Genetic differences among populations were further supported by Bayesian clustering and two main groups were confirmed (Eastern vs. Western Europe) along with two contained subgroups at a more local scale (Northeastern vs. Southeastern Europe; France vs. Spain). Conclusions: Genetic data and performed analyses support a historical scenario of stable European mink populations, not affected by Quaternary climate oscillations in the Late Pleistocene, and posterior expansion events following river connections in both North-and Southeastern European populations. This suggests an eastern refuge during glacial maxima (as already proposed for boreal and continental species). In contrast, Western Europe was colonised more recently following either natural expansions or putative human introductions. Low levels of genetic diversity observed within each studied population suggest recent bottleneck events and stress the urgent need for conservation measures to counteract the demographic decline experienced by the European mink.

Parish farms and the poor law: a response to unemployment in rural southern England, c.1815-1835

Finding a ‘solution’ for the seemingly intractable problem of unemployment in post-Napoleonic rural England was the Holy Grail for many vestries. Yet, whilst we know much about the depth and consequences of unemployment, parish-driven schemes to set the poor to work have been subjected to remarkably little in the way of systematic study. This paper focuses on one such policy that remains entirely obscure: parish farms, the hiring of pre-existing farms or fields by the parish on which to employ those out of work. Bearing a ‘family resemblance’ to allotments and other land-based attempts to alleviate poverty, parish farms were unique in that they were managed in all regards by the parish and were an employment strategy as opposed to a scheme to supplement the incomes of the poor. Whilst the archive of parish farms is often frustratingly opaque, it is shown that before they were effectively outlawed by the passing of the New Poor Law, many southern parishes, especially in the Weald of Kent and Sussex, adopted the scheme, occasionally with great success.

O Administrador de Concelho [1835-1936]: caso de estudo de Portimão

Dissertação de mest., História do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

Variabilidad espacial de la pesquería de Dosidicus gigas (d’Orbigny, 1835) calamar gigante del 2004 al 2012

Se efectuó un análisis de la distribución espacial de operaciones de pesca de la flota calamarera industrial dentro y fuera de la zona económica exclusiva peruana (ZEE) con relación a la temperatura superficial de mar (TSM) y concentración de clorofila-a (Cl-a) para el periodo 2004-2012. La data de operaciones de pesca se dividió en tres periodos en función a distancia a la costa considerando regulaciones de pesca, de enero 2004 a octubre 2010, de noviembre 2010 a diciembre 2011 y 2012. Durante el primer periodo, se identificaron dos patrones mensuales de distribución espacial, de enero a julio fue a lo largo del litoral desde Paita (5°S) hasta San Juan de Marcona (15°22’S) y de agosto a diciembre entre Chimbote y Paita. En el segundo periodo, las operaciones de pesca formaron pequeñas concentraciones y puntos de pesca dispersas debido a la restricción de pesca dentro de las 80 millas náuticas desde noviembre del 2010. Durante el 2012 la flota se localizó fuera de la ZEE. Las mayores concentraciones de la flota se ubicaron entre 30 a 90 millas náuticas de la costa. Mayores concentraciones de pesca se localizaron en Paita-Chimbote (5°-9°S) y Callao- San Juan de Marcona (12°03’-15°22’S). Las faenas de pesca se realizaron en un rango amplio de TSM entre 14,1 y 26,8 °C, con mayor incidencia en temperaturas entre 18,4 a 22 °C, con tendencia a localizarse en áreas de mayor temperatura durante los últimos años. Respecto a la clorofila-a, la flota faenó entre concentraciones de clorofila-a de 0 a 9,5 mg/m3 dentro de la ZEE, y entre 0,2 y 0,5 mg/m3 fuera de la ZEE. Se observó un patrón de distribución de flota, asociado a las anomalías de temperatura superficial de mar del área El Niño 1+2, a la distribución latitudinal y una variabilidad cíclica mensual de la TSM.

Recueil contenant les délibérations de la Société royale d'agriculture de la généralité de Paris, au bureau de Paris, depuis le 11 mars jusqu'au 10 septembre 1761. Et les mémoires publiés par son ordre pendant le même tems

1761.

Recueil contenant les délibérations de la Société royale d'agriculture de la généralité de Paris, au bureau de Paris, depuis le 11 mars jusqu'au 10 septembre 1761. Et les mémoires publiés par son ordre pendant le même tems

Variante(s) de titre : Délibérations de la Société royale d'agriculture de la généralité de Paris, au bureau de Paris, depuis le 11 mars jusqu'au 10 septembre 1761