999 resultados para Rio Claro formation
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The inadequate disposal of municipal waste is one of the biggest environmental problems. The lack of long public politics makes this problem a challenge to their administrators. Finding a place for the disposal of waste is an easy task and the present work looks forward to a better understanding about the concepts involved in order to choose favorable areas for the development of sanitary landfills, minimizing environmental impacts. In this line of thought several areas in Rio Claro`s region were evaluated according to the environmental terms. The areas which were classified as good or almost good will have a more elaborated study such as field works, evaluation and understanding of the concepts analyzed so that there aren’t any waste of money, work, social and environmental waste in the area. These areas were analyzed according to secondary data such as geological and pedological formation and primary studies such as the assumption of the reality as showed in the map will be made in order to acquire better results.
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At a time when people turn increasingly to technological innovations and virtual networks, a closer interaction with the environment can provide sensitizing experiences. One tool that facilitates this approach is the interpretative trail: its use in a Unit of Conservation (UC) allows more contact between the visitor and the nature elements. This research aimed to propose the establishment of an interpretative trail at the State Florest “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” (FEENA) in Rio Claro (SP) with theoretical bases from Waldorf Pedagogy. The proposed trail is destined for students with 07-14 years-old, a period that the awareness is more accurate in a person, according to Waldorf tenets. On the path of the trail, we propose some educational activities at the points of interpretation: storytelling about environment; “photograph” the place with a drawing; create a song with sounds produced by the body and by nature elements; blindfold guide and a circle of people to share experiences. The activities aim to provide in the student a close and harmonious contact with oneself, with other people and with the natural world, and also serve as a support for programs of public use and environmental education at UC. The environmental awareness process in the context of FEENA - which has a significant landscape valuation - develops through the sensibilities of exterior and interior world. And also develops with the creation if images, thoughts, feelings and interdependencies relationships. Therefore, the ecologic education allows changes and formation of values and sensitive attitudes to students about the environment
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The water management in any area is highly important to the success of many business and also of life and the understanding of your relationship with the environment brings better control to its demand. I.e. hydrogeological studies are needed under better understanding of the behavior of an aquifer, so that its management is done so as not to deplete or harm it. The objective of this work is the numerical modeling in transient regime of a portion of the Rio Claro aquifer formation in order to get answers about its hydrogeological parameters, its main flow direction and also its most sensitive parameters. A literature review and conceptual characterization of the aquifer, combined with field campaigns and monitoring of local water level (NA), enabled the subsequent construction of the mathematical model by finite elements method, using the FEFLOW 6.1 ® computational algorithm. The study site includes the campus of UNESP and residential and industrial areas of Rio Claro city. Its area of 9.73 km ² was divided into 318040 triangular elements spread over six layers, totaling a volume of 0.25 km³. The local topography and geological contacts were obtained from previous geological and geophysical studies as well as profiles of campus wells and SIAGAS / CPRM system. The seven monitoring wells on campus were set up as observation points for calibration and checking of the simulation results. Sampling and characterization of Rio Claro sandstones shows up a high hydrological and lithological heterogeneity for the aquifer formation. The simulation results indicate values of hydraulic conductivity between 10-6 and 10-4 m / s, getting the Recharge/Rainfall simulation in transient ratio at 13%. Even with the simplifications imposed on the model, it was able to represent the fluctuations of local NA over a year of monitoring. The result was the exit of 3774770 m³ of water and the consequently NA fall. The model is considered representative for the...
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PURPOSE: To collect information and opinions from a group of diabetic patients regarding diabetic retinopathy and its treatment, in order to get reliable information that can help to improve programs and actions to control and prevent this ocular disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. The sample was from 980 diabetic patients seen in a diabetic association. A previous questionnaire was made with general questions about the main subject. Thereafter, an appropriate questionnaire was prepared. RESULTS: The sample showed that among 299 patients with age ranging from 16 to 83 years, with a mean of 57 years, mainly female (67.91%) did not know how severe their disease was (30.8%), or believed that it was not a serious problem (19.7%). The laser technique to solve diabetic retinopathy was known by 60.2% of the patients. It was reported as the only treatment available by 24.1%. Among the reasons for no treatment 59.8% reported that they did not think it was necessary and 29.7% could not afford it. CONCLUSIONS: Patients showed lack of knowledge about how serious is diabetic retinopathy, the possibility of using laser technique for it and the severity of the disease. Some patients believed in the efficacy of the treatment and some patients did not, but all of them reported that they were afraid of submitting to it.
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The six peculiar multicusped teeth described here were collected from sediments of the Upper Cretaceous of Sao Jose do Rio Preto Formation, near Ibira (northeastern Sao Paulo, Brazil). Their bulbous crowns are slightly labio-lingual compressed, and bear a main plus two accessory cusps, which conceal a well developed cingulum. Wear facets are seen on the main and distal accessory cusps. Comparison to the known Crocodyliformes with multicusped teeth show that the new material is not referable to ""protosuchians"" or eusuchians, nor related to two unnamed forms from Morocco and ""notosuchians"" such as Uruguaysuchus, Chiamaerasuchus, and Simosuchus. On the other hand, possible affinities with Candidodon and Malawisuchus were maintained based on shared traits. This includes teeth with the main cusp and some accessory cusps arranged in more than one axis, a previously defined unambiguous apomorphy of the putative clade composed of Candidodon plus Malawisuchus. The term Candidodontidae can be applied to this group, and defined as all taxa closer to Candidodon itapecuruensis than to Notosuchus terrestris, Uruguaysuchus aznarezi, Comahuesuchus brachybuccalis, Sphagesaurus huenei, Baurusuchus pachecoi, and Crocodylus niloticus. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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O presente trabalho, faz parte de um plano de estudo em desenvolvimento, sôbre fibras lenhosas de Eucalyptus saligna, Smith no Departamento de Botânica (Disciplina Anatomia de Madeira) desde 1966. Nêle apresentamos os resultados da determinação da idade adulta do E. saligna em função da variação do comprimento e da espessura da parede das fibras nos diferentes anéis de crescimento do lenho, de duas árvores com mais de 20 anos de idade. Os resultados das mensurações microscópicas das fibras analisadas num setor apenas e em dois discos tomados ao nível do D.A.P., nos permite afirmar que nas condições do Hôrto de Rio Claro, as duas árvores atingiram a idade adulta entre o 9.º e 10.º anel de crescimento os quais corresponde respectivamente a idade de 9 e 10 anos. Os resultados apresentados nêste trabalho nos forneceu informações importantes para a continuação do plano em desenvolvimento, qual seja o estudo de outros fatôres (longa e curta duração) que afetam a estrutura e as características dos elementos constituintes do lenho que apresentam valor industrial.
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Fourteen bird species were observed visiting one specimen of Alchornea glandulosa Poepp., 1845, at the Horto Florestal Navarro de Andrade, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil. Among them, three species seem to be the most efficient seed dispersers of A. glandulosa at the study site: Myiodinastes maculatus (Müller, 1776), Empidonomus varius (Vieillot, 1818) e Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, 1819. Besides to swallow fruit whole, these birds contributed with 68.5% of the total feeding visits. A. glandulosa fruit are not the mainly part of the diet of any one of the observed bird species, since they do not fit in the frugivorous specialized category. However, as almost all the observed individuals swallow fruit whole, it is suppose that they promote an efficient dispersion of their seeds.
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The composition and diversity of bees in an agricultural area in Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were studied from May 2003 to June 2004, using Moericke traps. The collection site, an area with 58.08 hectares, is characterized by grain production and direct planting, with 70% of the surrounding area planted with sugar cane. During the study, 456 bees were collected, distributed among 20 genera, pertaining to the families Andrenidae (4.8%), Apidae (40.8%) and Halictidae (54.4%). Specimens of genera Dialictus (38%) and Diadasia (30%) predominated in this area. The species diversity, assessed using the Shannon and Simpson indices, were H=1.88 and 1/ D= 4.15, respectively, and the Evenness index was 0.61.
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Visando caracterizar a composição florística de trepadeiras nas florestas estacionais semidecíduas, foi realizado o levantamento das espécies num fragmento de 230 ha, abrangido pelos municípios de Rio Claro e Araras (22º21'S e 47º28' - 47º29'W, 630 m de altitude). As coletas foram mensais durante o período de setembro de 2000 a abril de 2002, sendo as trepadeiras classificadas como herbáceas ou lenhosas e quanto às suas formas de escalar; em volúveis, com gavinhas ou não preensoras. Foram encontradas 148 espécies, distribuídas em 82 gêneros e 33 famílias. Bignoniaceae (29 espécies), Asteraceae (19), Sapindaceae (12), Malpighiaceae (11) e Convolvulaceae (nove) foram as famílias mais ricas, abrangendo 54% das espécies amostradas. Bignoniaceae apresentou o maior número de espécies e gêneros (16), corroborando outros relatos de que é a família mais rica em trepadeiras nas florestas estacionais semidecíduas e na maioria dos estudos realizados em florestas neotropicais de baixas altitudes. Como em outros estudos realizados em florestas estacionais semidecíduas, as trepadeiras lenhosas representaram aproximadamente 2/3 da riqueza desse componente. Verificou-se a prevalência das espécies volúveis (43%) e das espécies dotadas de gavinhas (39%) em relação às espécies não preensoras (18%). Se, por um lado, a composição de espécies se mostrou bastante distinta em relação a outros estudos conduzidos em florestas estacionais semidecíduas no Estado de São Paulo, as famílias e gêneros mais ricos em espécies são, em grande parte, concordantes.
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As florestas paludosas ocupam geralmente porções planas de várzeas e fundos de vale. Caracterizouse a flora e a estrutura de uma floresta paludosa estabelecida sobre um declive acentuado no Município de Rio Claro, SP, visando à comparação florística dessa floresta com outras florestas paludosas estudadas no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os indivíduos (PAP > 15 cm) foram amostrados em 45 parcelas de 10 m × 10 m (0,45 ha). Foram encontrados 1.651 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 49 espécies e 30 famílias. O índice de diversidade (H') para as espécies foi de 2,10 nats.indivíduo-1 e a eqüabilidade (J) foi de 0,54. As espécies mais importantes (em VI) foram Euterpe edulis Mart., Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill., Cedrela odorata L., Dendropanax cuneatum Decne & Planch. e Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl. O elevado número de espécies, em comparação com as outras florestas, pode ser atribuído aos diferentes períodos de saturação hídrica determinados pelo desnível topográfico, enquanto a baixa diversidade florística é conseqüência da elevada densidade relativa de poucas espécies, como Euterpe edulis (41%). A comparação florística indicou que: i) Calophyllum brasiliense, Cedrela odorata, Dendropanax cuneatum, Protium almecega, Styrax pohlii A. DC., Talauma ovata e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. constituem um importante grupo de espécies que predominam nas florestas paludosas do interior paulista e conferem uma semelhança estrutural a essas formações; ii) a flora dessas florestas mostra-se bastante variada, com muitas espécies exclusivas verificadas em cada estudo. Os resultados sugerem que cada fragmento de floresta paludosa, além de favorecer a ocorrência das principais populações associadas a solos hidromórficos, apresenta peculiaridades florísticas que, somadas, promovem o aumento da diversidade de espécies.
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(Fitossociologia e distribuição de espécies arbóreas em uma floresta ribeirinha secundária no Município de Rio Claro, SP, Brasil). Foram realizados os levantamentos florístico e fitossociológico em 0,44 hectare de floresta ribeirinha secundária em uma área de micro-bacia do Ribeirão Claro (Rio Claro, SP), visando investigar a estrutura e distribuição das espécies em uma comunidade com elevada heterogeneidade observada para a cobertura de dossel e regime hídrico dos solos. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com perímetro a altura do peito (PAP) ³ 10 cm em 44 parcelas de 10 × 10 m. O regime hídrico foi avaliado por um ano e a cobertura de dossel foi quantificada com densiômetro esférico. Foram gerados os descritores fitossociológicos para toda a área amostral e para cada grupo resultante das análises de ordenação (DCA) e de agrupamento (Cluster). Verificou-se baixa riqueza florística (22 espécies) e elevados valores de importância concentrados em poucas espécies. A área apresentou, em escala local, três micro-ambientes distintos em relação à composição e estrutura da comunidade arbórea. A distribuição das espécies mais abundantes esteve associada à variação espacial da luminosidade no interior da mata, decorrente de aberturas no dossel (clareiras), e ao regime hídrico dos solos, caracterizado por diferentes condições de drenagem e alagamento nas parcelas ao longo do ano.
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de efetuar um levantamento da ocorrência de Meloidogyne exigua em seringueira em São José do Rio Claro, MT. Foram amostradas 191 propriedades agrícolas, totalizando cerca de 18.000ha. Os nematóides foram identificados no Laboratório de Nematologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP, em Jaboticabal, SP. Foram encontrados níveis populacionais de M. exigua entre 0 e 61.824 juvenis/5g de raízes.
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Ages of zircon from sedimentary samples of Rio Parana Formation, belonging of Bauru Group, north of Parana Basin, Brazil, has been determined by zircon Fission Track and U-Th-Pb in situ dating methods. The obtained ages are from same zircon grain that provided information on the source areas for the sediments and the morphotectonic events.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)