Radiofrequency architectures and technologies for software defined radio

Six-port network is an interesting radiofrequency architecture with multiple possibilities. Since it was firstly introduced in the seventies as an alternative network analyzer, the six-port network has been used for many applications, such as homodyne receivers, radar systems, direction of arrival estimation, UWB (Ultra-Wide-Band), or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems. Currently, it is considered as a one of the best candidates to implement a Software Defined Radio (SDR). This thesis comprises an exhaustive study of this promising architecture, where its fundamentals and the state-of-the-art are also included. In addition, the design and development of a SDR 0.3-6 GHz six-port receiver prototype is presented in this thesis, which is implemented in conventional technology. The system is experimentally characterized and validated for RF signal demodulation with good performance. The analysis of the six-port architecture is complemented by a theoretical and experimental comparison with other radiofrequency architectures suitable for SDR. Some novel contributions are introduced in the present thesis. Such novelties are in the direction of the highly topical issues on six-port technique: development and optimization of real-time I-Q regeneration techniques for multiport networks; and search of new techniques and technologies to contribute to the miniaturization of the six-port architecture. In particular, the novel contributions of this thesis can be summarized as: - Introduction of a new real-time auto-calibration method for multiport receivers, particularly suitable for broadband designs and high data rate applications. - Introduction of a new direct baseband I-Q regeneration technique for five-port receivers. - Contribution to the miniaturization of six-port receivers by the use of the multilayer LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) technology. Implementation of a compact (30x30x1.25 mm) broadband (0.3-6 GHz) six-port receiver in LTTC technology. The results and conclusions derived from this thesis have been satisfactory, and quite fruitful in terms of publications. A total of fourteen works have been published, considering international journals and conferences, and national conferences. Aditionally, a paper has been submitted to an internationally recognized journal, which is currently under review.

Implementation of wireless communication based on Software Defined Radio

In current communication systems, there are many new challenges like various competitive standards, the scarcity of frequency resource, etc., especially the development of personal wireless communication systems result the new system update faster than ever before, the conventional hardware-based wireless communication system is difficult to adapt to this situation. The emergence of SDR enabled the third revolution of wireless communication which from hardware to software and build a flexible, reliable, upgradable, reusable, reconfigurable and low cost platform. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) products are commonly used with the GNU Radio software suite to create complex SDR systems. GNU Radio is a toolkit where digital signal processing blocks are written in C++, and connected to each other with Python. This makes it easy to develop more sophisticated signal processing systems, because many blocks already written by others and you can quickly put them together to create a complete system. Although the main function of GNU Radio is not be a simulator, but if there is no RF hardware components,it supports to researching the signal processing algorithm based on pre-stored and generated data by signal generator. This thesis introduced SDR platform from hardware (USRP) and software(GNU Radio), as well as some basic modulation techniques in wireless communication system. Based on the examples provided by GNU Radio, carried out some related experiments, for example GSM scanning and FM radio station receiving on USRP. And make a certain degree of improvement based on the experience of some investigators to observe OFDM spectrum and simulate real-time video transmission. GNU Radio combine with USRP hardware proved to be a valuable lab platform for implementing complex radio system prototypes in a short time. RESUMEN. Software Defined Radio (SDR) es una tecnología emergente que está creando un impacto revolucionario en la tecnología de radio convencional. Un buen ejemplo de radio software son los sistemas de código abierto llamados GNU Radio que emplean un kit de herramientas de desarrollo de software libre. En este trabajo se ha empleado un kit de desarrollo comercial (Ettus Research) que consiste en un módulo de procesado de señal y un hardaware sencillo. El módulo emplea un software de desarrollo basado en Linux sobre el que se pueden implementar aplicaciones de radio software muy variadas. El hardware de desarrollo consta de un microprocesador de propósito general, un dispositivo programable (FPGA) y un interfaz de radiofrecuencia que cubre de 50 a 2200MHz. Este hardware se conecta al PC por medio de un interfaz USB de 8Mb/s de velocidad. Sobre la plataforma de Ettus se pueden ejecutar aplicaciones GNU radio que utilizan principalmente lenguaje de programación Python para implementarse. Sin embargo, su módulo de procesado de señal está construido en C + + y emplea un microprocesador con aritmética de coma flotante. Por lo tanto, los desarrolladores pueden rápida y fácilmente construir aplicaciones en tiempo real sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica de alta capacidad. Aunque su función principal no es ser un simulador, si no puesto que hay componentes de hardware RF, Radio GNU sirve de apoyo a la investigación del algoritmo de procesado de señales basado en pre-almacenados y generados por los datos del generador de señal. En este trabajo fin de máster se ha evaluado la plataforma de hardware de DEG (USRP) y el software (GNU Radio). Para ello se han empleado algunas técnicas de modulación básicas en el sistema de comunicación inalámbrica. A partir de los ejemplos proporcionados por GNU Radio, hemos realizado algunos experimentos relacionados, por ejemplo, escaneado del espectro, demodulación de señales de FM empleando siempre el hardware de USRP. Una vez evaluadas aplicaciones sencillas se ha pasado a realizar un cierto grado de mejora y optimización de aplicaciones complejas descritas en la literatura. Se han empleado aplicaciones como la que consiste en la generación de un espectro de OFDM y la simulación y transmisión de señales de vídeo en tiempo real. Con estos resultados se está ahora en disposición de abordar la elaboración de aplicaciones complejas.

Debian Hamradio and Software Defined Radio : Overview of the Debian Ham blend, ham radio and software defined radio

Non peer reviewed

Cooperative data scheduling in hybrid vehicular ad hoc networks: VANET as a software defined network

This paper presents the first study on scheduling for cooperative data dissemination in a hybrid infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication environment. We formulate the novel problem of cooperative data scheduling (CDS). Each vehicle informs the road-side unit (RSU) the list of its current neighboring vehicles and the identifiers of the retrieved and newly requested data. The RSU then selects sender and receiver vehicles and corresponding data for V2V communication, while it simultaneously broadcasts a data item to vehicles that are instructed to tune into the I2V channel. The goal is to maximize the number of vehicles that retrieve their requested data. We prove that CDS is NP-hard by constructing a polynomial-time reduction from the Maximum Weighted Independent Set (MWIS) problem. Scheduling decisions are made by transforming CDS to MWIS and using a greedy method to approximately solve MWIS. We build a simulation model based on realistic traffic and communication characteristics and demonstrate the superiority and scalability of the proposed solution. The proposed model and solution, which are based on the centralized scheduler at the RSU, represent the first known vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) implementation of software defined network (SDN) concept.

Lightweight Middleware for Software Defined Radio (SDR) Inter-Components Communication

The ability to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) in the civilian mobile applications will make it possible for the next generation of mobile devices to handle multi-standard personal wireless devices and ubiquitous wireless devices. The original military standard created many beneficial characteristics for SDR, but resulted in a number of disadvantages as well. Many challenges in commercializing SDR are still the subject of interest in the software radio research community. Four main issues that have been already addressed are performance, size, weight, and power. This investigation presents an in-depth study of SDR inter-components communications in terms of total link delay related to the number of components and packet sizes in systems based on Software Communication Architecture (SCA). The study is based on the investigation of the controlled environment platform. Results suggest that the total link delay does not linearly increase with the number of components and the packet sizes. The closed form expression of the delay was modeled using a logistic function in terms of the number of components and packet sizes. The model performed well when the number of components was large. Based upon the mobility applications, energy consumption has become one of the most crucial limitations. SDR will not only provide flexibility of multi-protocol support, but this desirable feature will also bring a choice of mobile protocols. Having such a variety of choices available creates a problem in the selection of the most appropriate protocol to transmit. An investigation in a real-time algorithm to optimize energy efficiency was also performed. Communication energy models were used including switching estimation to develop a waveform selection algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the concept.

Performance analysis of software-defined network switch using M/Geo/1 model

The aim of this letter is to propose an analytical model to study the performance of Software-Defined Network (SDN) switches. Here, SDN switch performance is defined as the time that an SDN switch needs to process packet without the interaction of controller. We exploit the capabilities of queueing theory based M/Geo/1 model to analyze the key factors, flowtable size, packet arrival rate, number of rules, and position of rules. The analytical model is validated using extensive simulations. Our study reveals that these factors have significant influence on the performance of an SDN switch.

Software as a Service: Analysing Security Issues

Software-as-a-service (SaaS) is a type of software service delivery model which encompasses a broad range of business opportunities and challenges. Users and service providers are reluctant to integrate their business into SaaS due to its security concerns while at the same time they are attracted by its benefits. This article highlights SaaS utility and applicability in different environments like cloud computing, mobile cloud computing, software defined networking and Internet of things. It then embarks on the analysis of SaaS security challenges spanning across data security, application security and SaaS deployment security. A detailed review of the existing mainstream solutions to tackle the respective security issues mapping into different SaaS security challenges is presented. Finally, possible solutions or techniques which can be applied in tandem are presented for a secure SaaS platform.

Composizione dinamica di funzioni di rete virtuali in ambienti cloud

Questo documento si interroga sulle nuove possibilità offerte agli operatori del mondo delle Reti di Telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Network Functions Virtualization, Cloud Computing e Software Defined Networking: questi sono nuovi approcci che permettono la creazione di reti dinamiche e altamente programmabili, senza disdegnare troppo il lato prestazionale. L'intento finale è valutare se con un approccio di questo genere si possano implementare dinamicamente delle concatenazioni di servizi di rete e se le prestazioni finali rispecchiano ciò che viene teorizzato dai suddetti paradigmi. Tutto ciò viene valutato per cercare una soluzione efficace al problema dell'ossificazione di Internet: infatti le applicazioni di rete, dette middle-boxes, comportano costi elevati, situazioni di dipendenza dal vendor e staticità delle reti stesse, portando all'impossibilità per i providers di sviluppare nuovi servizi. Il caso di studio si basa proprio su una rete che implementa questi nuovi paradigmi: si farà infatti riferimento a due diverse topologie, una relativa al Livello L2 del modello OSI (cioè lo strato di collegamento) e una al Livello L3 (strato di rete). Le misure effettuate infine mostrano come le potenzialità teorizzate siano decisamente interessanti e innovative, aprendo un ventaglio di infinite possibilità per il futuro sviluppo di questo settore.

Controllo generalizzato via software di dispositivi per l'interconnessione flessibile di data center

La tesi riguarda le gestione via software di dispositivi che interconnettono componenti hardware di forwarding in una rete.

SDN: analisi delle soluzioni industriali

Questa tesi di rassegna si pone l'obiettivo di esaminare i motivi che hanno portato alla progettazione del modello Software Defined Networking e analizzarne le caratteristiche principali. L'obiettivo è stato raggiunto attraverso un'analisi attenta dello stato dell'arte, in cui sono state evidenziate le problematiche dell'architettura tradizionale e i requisiti delle reti di nuova generazione che hanno portato i progettisti di rete a riconsiderare il modello attualmente diffuso. Dopo aver scritto in modo approfondito delle caratteristiche e dei benefici di SDN, è stata posta l'enfasi sul protocollo OpenFlow riconosciuto come fattore abilitante del modello oggetto della tesi. Infine sono state analizzate le soluzioni, che si ispirano a SDN, di tre colossi dell'informatica quali HP, Google e Cisco.

Piano di controllo SDN per la composizione dinamica di funzioni di rete virtuali

Il documento analizza i vantaggi introdotti nel mondo delle telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Software Defined Networking e Network Functions Virtualization: questi nuovi approcci permettono di creare reti programmabili e dinamiche, mantenendo alte le prestazioni. L’obiettivo finale è quello di capire se tramite la generalizzazione del codice del controller SDN , il dispositivo programmabile che permette di gestire gli switch OpenFlow, e la virtualizzazione delle reti, si possa risolvere il problema dell’ossificazione della rete Internet.

Controle de mobilidade infraestruturado e orientado à qualidade para maximização de admissões em sistemas WiNeMO: uma abordagem definida por software

The spread of wireless networks and growing proliferation of mobile devices require the development of mobility control mechanisms to support the different demands of traffic in different network conditions. A major obstacle to developing this kind of technology is the complexity involved in handling all the information about the large number of Moving Objects (MO), as well as the entire signaling overhead required to manage these procedures in the network. Despite several initiatives have been proposed by the scientific community to address this issue they have not proved to be effective since they depend on the particular request of the MO that is responsible for triggering the mobility process. Moreover, they are often only guided by wireless medium statistics, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of the candidate Point of Attachment (PoA). Thus, this work seeks to develop, evaluate and validate a sophisticated communication infrastructure for Wireless Networking for Moving Objects (WiNeMO) systems by making use of the flexibility provided by the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm, where network functions are easily and efficiently deployed by integrating OpenFlow and IEEE 802.21 standards. For purposes of benchmarking, the analysis was conducted in the control and data planes aspects, which demonstrate that the proposal significantly outperforms typical IPbased SDN and QoS-enabled capabilities, by allowing the network to handle the multimedia traffic with optimal Quality of Service (QoS) transport and acceptable Quality of Experience (QoE) over time.

A CCG virtual system for big data application communication costs analysis

Network topology and routing are two important factors in determining the communication costs of big data applications at large scale. As for a given Cluster, Cloud, or Grid system, the network topology is fixed and static or dynamic routing protocols are preinstalled to direct the network traffic. Users cannot change them once the system is deployed. Hence, it is hard for application developers to identify the optimal network topology and routing algorithm for their applications with distinct communication patterns. In this study, we design a CCG virtual system (CCGVS), which first uses container-based virtualization to allow users to create a farm of lightweight virtual machines on a single host. Then, it uses software-defined networking (SDN) technique to control the network traffic among these virtual machines. Users can change the network topology and control the network traffic programmingly, thereby enabling application developers to evaluate their applications on the same system with different network topologies and routing algorithms. The preliminary experimental results through both synthetic big data programs and NPB benchmarks have shown that CCGVS can represent application performance variations caused by network topology and routing algorithm.

OperationCheckpoint: SDN Application Control

One of the core properties of Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the ability for third parties to develop network applications. This introduces increased potential for innovation in networking from performance-enhanced to energy-efficient designs. In SDN, the application connects with the network via the SDN controller. A specific concern relating to this communication channel is whether an application can be trusted or not. For example, what information about the network state is gathered by the application? Is this information necessary for the application to execute or is it gathered for malicious intent? In this paper we present an approach to secure the northbound interface by introducing a permissions system that ensures that controller operations are available to trusted applications only. Implementation of this permissions system with our Operation Checkpoint adds negligible overhead and illustrates successful defense against unauthorized control function access attempts.

SDN Security: A Survey

The pull of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is magnetic. There are few in the networking community who have escaped its impact. As the benefits of network visibility and network device programmability are discussed, the question could be asked as to who exactly will benefit? Will it be the network operator or will it, in fact, be the network intruder? As SDN devices and systems hit the market, security in SDN must be raised on the agenda. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the research relating to security in software-defined networking that has been carried out to date. Both the security enhancements to be derived from using the SDN framework and the security challenges introduced by the framework are discussed. By categorizing the existing work, a set of conclusions and proposals for future research directions are presented.