Cross-national differences in questionnaires do not necessarily reflect comparable differences in disorder prevalence

To examine whether the widely used Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) can validly be used to compare the prevalence of child mental health problems cross nationally. We used data on 29,225 5- to 16-year olds in eight population-based studies from seven countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Britain, India, Norway, Russia and Yemen. Parents completed the SDQ in all eight studies, teachers in seven studies and youth in five studies. We used these SDQ data to calculate three different sorts of "caseness indicators" based on (1) SDQ symptoms, (2) SDQ symptoms plus impact and (3) an overall respondent judgement of 'definite' or 'severe' difficulties. Respondents also completed structured diagnostic interviews including extensive open-ended questions (the Development and Well-Being Assessment, DAWBA). Diagnostic ratings were all carried out or supervised by the DAWBA's creator, working in conjunction with experienced local professionals. As judged by the DAWBA, the prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 2.2% in India to 17.1% in Russia. The nine SDQ caseness indicators (three indicators times three informants) explained 8-56% of the cross-national variation in disorder prevalence. This was insufficient to make meaningful prevalence estimates since populations with a similar measured prevalence of disorder on the DAWBA showed large variations across the various SDQ caseness indicators. The relationship between SDQ caseness indicators and disorder rates varies substantially between populations: cross-national differences in SDQ indicators do not necessarily reflect comparable differences in disorder rates. More generally, considerable caution is required when interpreting cross-cultural comparisons of mental health, particularly when these rely on brief questionnaires.

Beyond questionnaires ��� Exploring adult education teachers' mathematical beliefs with pictures and interviews

Because of the impact that mathematical beliefs have on an individual���s behaviour, they are generally well researched. However, little mathematical belief research has taken place in the field of adult education. This paper presents preliminary results from a study conducted in this field in Switzerland. It is based on Ernest���s (1989) description of mathematics as an instrumental, Platonist or problem solving construct. The analysis uses pictures drawn by the participants and interviews conducted with them as data. Using a categorising scheme developed by Rolka and Halverscheid (2011), the author argues that adults��� mathematical beliefs are complex and especially personal aspects are difficult to capture with said scheme. Particularly the analysis of visual data requires a more refined method of analysis.

Women in industry, by C. E. Knoeppel; an address based on answers to 1,000 questionnaires on women in industry, delivered before the national conference on "labor problems under war conditions," under joint auspices of the Society of industrial engineers and the Western efficiency society, Chicago, Ill., March, 1918.

Mode of access: Internet.

Problems of administration and supervision in modern elementary schools; a syllabus in two volumes. vol. 1-2. Based on an analysis of 472 questionnaires obtained from active elementary school principals in the field,

Mode of access: Internet.

R��cits de l'Ancien Testament dans les termes m��mes de l'��criture sainte, accompagn��s de questionnaires et de formulaires d'exercises, a l'usage des ��coles et des familles.

1. D'Adam a Mo��se; - Espace de 2500 ans. (Extrait des cinq Livres de Mo��se) -- 2. De Josu�� a N��h��mie; - Espace de 1000 ans. (extrait des livres historiques aui suivent le Pentateuque.) -- R��cits d��tach��s, Job - Ruth - Naaman - Jonas - Esther.

Lec��ons moyennes d'histoire de France a�� l'usage des candidats aux certificats d'e��tudes primaires : accompagne��es de devoirs, re��sume��s, tableaux, questionnaires ...

Mode of access: Internet.