Isolado protéico de farinha de semente de goiaba (Psidium guajava): caracterização de propriedades funcionais e térmicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Intestinal ameliorative effects of traditional Ogi-tutu, Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava in mice infected with Vibrio cholera.

Background: Cholera, a severe acute watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae is endemic in Nigeria with most cases occurring in the rural areas. In South West Nigeria, some individuals resort to alternative treatments such as Ogi-tutu, Psidium guajava and Vernonia amygdalina during infections. The effectiveness of these alternatives in the prevention and treatment of V. cholerae infection requires experimental investigation. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effects of Ogi-tutu, Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava on intestinal histopathology of experimental mice infected with V. cholerae. Methods: Preliminary investigation of in vitro vibriocidal activities of these alternatives were carried out using agar cup diffusion assay. For ameliorative effects, adult mice were inoculated with 100 μl (106 cells) of Vibrio cholerae and dosed at 0 h (immediate prevention) and 4 h (treatment of infection) and their intestines were histopathologically evaluated. Results: The histopathological changes were the same irrespective of the treated groups, but the lesions varied in extent and severity. The ameliorative effects in decreasing order were V. amygdalina > P. guajava > Ogi-tutu. Conclusion: V. amygdalina gave the best ameliorative effects in the prevention and treatment of V. cholerae infection.

Guava waste to sustain guava(Psidium guajava) agroecosystem: nutrient "Balance" concepts.

2016

Comportamento de chamamento de Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) em Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus grandis e em dieta artificial

Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar e comparar o efeito de três dietas: Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus grandis e dieta artificial no comportamento de chamamento e no padrão temporal do comportamento de chamamento de fêmeas virgens de Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll). Foram analisados os parâmetros: tempo médio para o início do chamamento, número médio de chamamento, tempo médio de cada chamamento e tempo médio total de chamamento. Os bioensaios relacionados ao comportamento de chamamento de fêmeas virgens foram realizados durante seis escotofases consecutivas e as observações tomadas a cada 5 min., a 22 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 5% de UR e 10h de escotofase. As fêmeas, independente da dieta analisada, apresentaram duas posições diferentes de chamamento. A maioria das fêmeas virgens iniciou o chamamento na 1ª hora da 1ª escotofase. O padrão de chamamento da fêmea individualizada foi característico de um padrão contínuo. O tipo de dieta oferecida na fase larval influenciou o início do comportamento de chamamento (pré-chamamento) e o tempo médio total de chamamento. O tipo de dieta também alterou a coloração da glândula de feromônio.

DSC studies on protein isolate of guava seeds Psidium guajava

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Absence of mutagenicity effects of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) extract on peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of mice

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Isolado protéico de semente de goiaba (Psidium guajava): caracterização de propriedades funcionais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Vascularização foliar e a identificação de espécies de Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tibagi, PR

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de folhas de Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae)

O óleo essencial e o extrato etanólico obtidos a partir de folhas de Myrtus communis foram avaliados quanto 'a atividade inibitória frente a vários microrganismos. Os halos de inibição de crescimento foram avaliados através das técnicas de template e difusão em disco para as linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis e Serratia marcescens. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o óleo de M. communis apresentou atividade antibacteriana superior ao extrato etanólico frente a todas as bactérias. A atividade demonstrada tanto para o óleo como para o extrato etanólico frente a algumas linhagens, foi melhor evidenciada pela técnica template. E. coli foi resistente ao óleo e extrato etanólico testados.

Antioxidant content in guava (Psidium guajava) and araca (Psidium spp.) germplasm from different Brazilian regions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Flutuação populacional de Meloidogyne enterolobii em pomar de goiabeira (Psidium guajava)

The objective of this work was to study the population fluctuation of Meloidogyne enterolobii in a commercial orchard of 'Paluma' guava with five years of age, under micro sprinkler irrigation system and usual practices for this crop. In the orchard, located in the municipality of Vista Alegre do Alto (SP) Brazil and infested by M. enterolobii, five plants exhibiting nematode symptoms were selected for monthly sampling from July 2007 to June 2008. Two single samples of rhizosphere soil and guava roots were collected from each plant, with the aid of hoe to a depth of 20 cm on the projection of the trees, forming a composite sample per plant. In nematology laboratory of Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista, eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. enterolobii were extracted from the samples and quantified. There was not a marked seasonal variation in the nematode population in soil or roots, possibly as a result of the guava vegetation stimulated by irrigation or the presence of invasive plants during the experimental period. However, the soil density reached a peak in January, corresponding to the month of elevated rainfall and temperatures. In roots, there were two significant peaks, in February and a major peak in August. There was a negative correlation between nematode populations in soil and roots.

Minimally processed guava Fruits (Psidium guaiava L.)

'Paluma' guavas, after internal quality evaluation using magnetic resonance tomography, were used to produce fresh-cut product. Fruits were peeled or not, cut in halves and seed removed, and they were packaged in polystyrene trays covered with PVC film or in a PET container with a lid. These packages were stored for 12 days at 5°C, 10°C and ambient temperature (22.6°C). Tomography evaluation verified that impacts produced internal bruising with loss of cellular integrity and liquefication of the placenta tissues. Compression was more evident on the pericarp and cutting promoted superficial deformation. Storage temperature affected the weight loss, with fruit packaged in the polystyrene tray having a greater weight loss. The peeling did not influence weight loss. Product stored at 5°C and 10°C for 8 days had low microbial growth (<103 UFC.g-1) and no coliforms. Rapid spoilage and a short shelf life (3-4 days) occurred when the product was stored at ambient temperature. Peeling reduced ascorbic acid concentration and total soluble solids. Use of calcium to protect fresh-cut products was not efficient. Calcium absorption capacity of 'Pedro Sato' guava was tested using 45Ca. Fruits treated with 2% CaCl2, with or without the radioisotope, were divided in four layers (epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seed) and analyzed for the total and 45Ca calcium. It was observed that the applied calcium remained in superficial layers of45fruits, which was confirmed by autoradiography. Internal layers did not contain 45Ca, indicating that calcium was not distributed into different parts of the fruit.

Fatty acids and some antioxidant compounds of Psidium guajava seed oil

Physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of crude oil extracted from guava (Psidium guajava var. pomifera) seeds were investigated. Oil yield from the seeds was 14.0%. Data obtained for the analytical indexes compared well with those of others edible oils. The oil showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (88.1%), mainly linoleic acid (78.4%). The tocopherol and total phenolic contents in the oil amounted to 29.2 and 92.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The guava seed oil exhibited a great DPPH · scavenging activity showing EC₅₀ of 12.9 g oil/g [DPPH · ] -1 and antiradical efficiency of 7.9×10 -2 . Therefore, the potential utilization of the guava seed oil as a raw material of food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries appears to be favourable and provides the use of a renewable resource, adding value to agricultural products.

Preference and performance of Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on five commercial fruit species

Diachasmimorpha kraussii is a polyphagous endoparasitoid of dacine fruit flies. The fruit fly hosts of D. krausii, in turn, attack a wide range of fruits and vegetables. The role that fruits play in host selection behaviour of D. kraussii has not been previously investigated. This study examines fruit preference of D. kraussii through a laboratory choice-test trial and field fruit sampling. In the laboratory trial, oviposition preference and offspring performance measures (sex ratio, developmental time, body length, hind tibial length) of D. kraussii were investigated with respect to five fruit species [Psidium guajava L. (guava), Prunis persica L. (peach), Malus domestica Borkh. (apple), Pyrus communis L. (pear) and Citrus sinensis L. (orange)], and two fruit fly species (Bactrocera jarvisi and B. tryoni). Diachasmimorpha kraussii responded to infested fruit of all fruit types in both choice and no-choice tests, but showed stronger preference for guava and peach in the choice tests irrespective of the species of fly larvae within the fruit. The wasp did not respond to uninfested fruit. The offspring performance measures differed in a non-consistent fashion between the fruit types, but generally wasp offspring performed better in guava, peach and orange. The offspring sex ratio, except for one fruit/fly combination (B. jarvisi in apple), was always female biased. The combined results suggest that of the five fruits tested, guava and peach are the best fruit substrates for D. krausii. Field sampling indicated a non-random use of available, fruit fly infested fruit by D. kraussii. Fruit fly maggots within two fruit species, Plachonia careya and Terminalia catappa, had disproportionately higher levels of D. krausii parasitism than would be expected based on the proportion of different infested fruit species sampled, or levels of fruit fly infestation within those fruit.

Host Susceptibility of Citrus Cultivars to Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Citrus crops are considered to be relatively poor hosts for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), as for other tephritid species. Australian citrus growers and crop consultants have reported observable differences in susceptibility of different citrus cultivars under commercial growing conditions. In this study we conducted laboratory tests and field surveys to determine susceptibility to B. tryoni of six citrus cultivars [(Eureka lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck); Navel and Valencia oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck); and Imperial, Ellendale, and Murcott mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco)]. The host susceptibility of these citrus cultivars was quantified by a Host Susceptibility Index, which is defined as the number of adult flies produced per gram of fruit infested at a calculated rate of one egg per gram of fruit. The HSI was ranked as Murcott (0.083) > Imperial (0.052) ≥ Navel (0.026) ≥ Ellendale (0.020) > Valencia (0.008) ≥ Eureka (yellow) (0.002) > Eureka (green) (0). Results of the laboratory study were in agreement with the level of field infestation in the four citrus cultivars (Eureka lemon, Imperial, Ellendale, and Murcott mandarins) that were surveyed from commercial orchards under baiting treatments against fruit flies in the Central Burnett district of Queensland. Field surveys of citrus hosts from the habitats not subject to fruit fly management showed that the numbers of fruit flies produced per gram of fruit were much lower, compared with the more susceptible noncitrus hosts, such as guava (Psidium guajava L.), cherry guava (P. littorale Raddi), mulberry (Morus nigra L.), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.), and pear (Pyrus communis L.). Therefore, the major citrus crops commercially cultivated in Australia have a relatively low susceptibility to B. tryoni, with Eureka lemons being a particularly poor host for this tephritid fruit fly.