Macrofauna de ambientes não consolidados adjacentes à recifes da área de proteção ambiental dos recifes de corais Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

This study aimed to characterize, for the first time, the benthic invertebrates that inhabit the region of soft bottoms adjacent to the APARC reefs in order to situate them as an important component of infralittoral coastal areas of Northeast Brazil. Soft bottoms areas of APARC corresponds to infralittoral zones vegetated by seagrass Halodule wrightii and unvegetated infralittoral zones, both subjected to substantial hydrodynamic stress. Through scuba diving, biological and sedimentary samples of both habitats were analyzed, with a cylindrical sampler. We identified 6160 individuals belonging to 16 groups and 224 species. The most abundant macrofaunal group was Polychaeta (43%), followed by Mollusca (25%) and Crustacea (14%), what was expected for these environments. In the first chapter, regarding vegetated areas, we tested three hypotheses: the existence of differences in the faunal structure associated with H. wrightii banks submitted to different hydrodynamic conditions; the occurrence of minor temporal variations on the associated macrofauna of banks protected from hydrodynamic stress; and if the diversity of macrofauna is affected by both benthophagous predators and H. wrightii biomass. It was observed that macrofauna associated at the Exposed bank showed differences in structure when comparing the Protected bank, the granulometry of the sediments, that co-varies with the hydrodynamism, was the cause of these variations. The results also pointed to a lower temporal variation in the macrofaunal structure on the Protected bank and a negative relation between macrofaunal and benthophagous fish abundance. At the Exposed bank, a greater faunal diversity was observed, probably due to the higher seagrass biomass. The second chapter compares the vegetated and non-vegetated areas in order to test the hypothesis that due to greater seasonal stability in tropical environments, seagrass structure would act to distinguish the vegetated and non-vegetated areas macrofauna, over time. It was also expected that depositivores were the most representative invertebrates on non-vegetated environments, on the assumption that the seagrass bank would work as a source of debris to adjacent areas, enriching them. Considering all sampling periods, the total macrofauna abundance and diversity were higher in vegetated areas, when compared to non-vegetated ones. Seasonally, the structural complexity provided by Halodule differentiated more clearly the fauna from vegetated and non-vegetated areas, but only at the climatic extremes, i.e. Dry season (extreme climatic stability, with low hydronamism variation) and Rainy season (great hydrodynamism variation and probably vegetated bank burial). Furthermore, the high organic matter levels measured in the sandy banks coincided with an outstanding trophic importance of deposit feeders, proving the debris-carrying hypothesis. The last chapter focused on the non-vegetated areas, where we tested that the hypothesis infaunal halo in tropical reefs depending on local granulometry. In this context, we also tested the hypothesis that benthophagous fish predation would have an effect on the low abundance of macrofaunal groups due to the high hydrographic stress, thus allowing other predatory groups to have greater importance in these environments. Proving the hypothesis, no spatial variation, both on abundance families neither on community structure, occur along distance of the edge reefs. However, we found that complex combinations of physical factors (grain size and organic matter levels originated from local hydronamic conditions) covary with the distance from the reefs and has stronger influence on macrofauna than considered biological factors, such as predation by benthophagous fishes. Based on the main results, this study shows that unconsolidated areas around APARC reefs are noteworthy from an ecological and conservational point of view, as evidenced by the biota-environment and organismal relations, never before described for these areas

Vulnerabilidades socioambiental na zona de proteção ambiental 9, Natal/RN

This work aims to analyze socio-environmental vulnerability in the Zone of Environmental Preservation -9, located in the northern of the city of Natal / RN. This objective was outlined when we noted a large number of households (about 2000) located in an area considered relevant in terms of environmental and social conditions, notably because of the existence of lakes, sand dunes and rivers that contribute to groundwater recharge Dunas/Barreiras Furthermore, this area is widely used for agricultural activities. The methodology used during this research is accorded to the literature review about the concept of vulnerability, consultations in public agencies for data acquisition, field research and questionnaires. Data collected from each category of vulnerability (social and environmental) were tabulated, analyzed and presented as tables, maps and texts. According to theoretical concepts and methodology of Alves (2006), Cutter (1996), Torres (2000), Acselrad (2006) e Hogan e Marandola Junior (2005; 2006; 2007), the research is structured in the preparation of an environmental diagnosis of the neighborhoods of Blue Lagoon and Pajuçara and subsequent analysis of socio-environmental vulnerability in the Zone of Environmental Preservation -9, especially Area 1, 2 and 3.There was a variation in results between the social vulnerability and environmental vulnerability categories for each area of the Zone of Environmental Preservation -9. However, the crossing between the two categories above showed that Area 3 had the highest level of environmental vulnerability, followed by Area 1. On the other hand, the Area 2 was considered of minor environmental vulnerability. In this sense, this work presents relevant subsidies to the planning of public policies, to identify and characterize the critical areas with high socio-environmental vulnerability

Faixas de proteção ambiental do Rio Pitimbu/RN: uma análise como subsídio ao planejamento e ordenamento do território

The Environmental Protection area sof Pitimbu river are important tools for planning and territorial land management. The Pitimbu river protection is aided in laws, so much of Federal stamp, as the Brazilian s Forest Code (Law No. 4771/1965), and in State s and City s Resolutions. So, this research begins in the State s Law No. 8426/2003interpretations, for being the most restrictive in the river's margin occupation and management. The objective is to analyze the applicability of the Environmental Protection areas of Pitimbu river, localized at the State of Rio Grande do Norte, considering environmental legislation and how to use this space by the man. Having specific goals for the discussion of the legislation s scope to this river; the identification of the types of soil s covering and evaluation the effectiveness of Law Nº.8426/2003, as protection instrument and land management. The river is characterized by its ecological importance and for feeding the Jiqui pond, an important reservoir that supplies 30% of drinking water to the east, west and south population sof the capital of the State. Pitimbu river is passing by a process of environmental degradation, originating from actions as deforestations of its ciliary forests by intensive agricultural practices; introduction of urban and industrial effluents leading to its contamination; increase of the pluvial drainage; erosion, sedimentation and discharge of urban waste , along with pressure for urban settlements along its banks. Under the methodological point of view is part of theoretical planning and land management research, and from a vision of social and environmental spaces. It was produced a survey map of the soil s covering, with 16 classes. Divided into coverage and disturbed natural covering. Using the 300 meters spatial limits of the Environmental Protection Strip, according to the State Law. The survey highlighted a higher percentage of classes disturbed, indicating man s interference in the balance of that system, as well as the lack of environmental actions. Leading to the degradation of riparian areas, and lack of conservation of water resources. Finally, it was considered that the strips of environmental protection are not effective as the preservation and territorial ordination

Análise do potencial de impacto no meio ambiente como ferramenta para educação e proteção ambiental em pesqueiros

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação ambiental e educação infantil numa área de proteção ambiental: concepções e práticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da eficácia de barreiras de proteção ambiental produzidas com solo arenoso estabilizado quimicamente

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação do plano de desenvolvimento e proteção ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Guarapiranga em consonância com o planejamento urbano

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Avaliação do desempenho hidráulico de barreiras de proteção ambiental produzidas com solo laterítico arenoso compactado estabilizado quimicamente

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Território quilombola do Curiaú e área de proteção ambiental do Rio Curiaú: interpretações dos conflitos socioambientais pela economia ecológica

Aborda um estudo sobre as relações sociais, econômicas, ambientais e políticas no território quilombola do Curiaú, município de Macapá, estado do Amapá. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as regras do sistema de uso comum das famílias quilombolas, considerando os conflitos socioambientais ocorridos no território em função da pressão da cidade numa perspectiva da economia ecológica. O trabalho fundamentou-se na pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de 55 formulários entre os meses de junho e agosto de 2006. A presença de novas regras de uso no território quilombola em função da criação da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Curiaú tem contribuído para a pressão sobre os recursos naturais disponíveis no ecossistema local. Foi possível observar alterações nas regras de uso comum dos recursos pelas famílias em função da pressão do mercado, assim como pela instauração de políticas públicas ambientais e programas de governo limitando o uso comum dos recursos. Verifica-se , por fim, a necessidade de fortalecer o debate sobre o uso dos recursos naturais e a importância desses para a manutenção e a sobrevivência das famílias do quilombo do Curiaú.

A gestão compartilhada em áreas de proteção ambiental: a experiência do conselho gestor das Apas Cabreúva, Cajamar e Jundiaí-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção sustentável de leite bovino em área de proteção ambiental: aplicação da análise energética no município de Torre de Pedra/SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise socioeconômica e ambiental das populações tradicionais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) dos Quilombos de Barra do Turvo e Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Planalto do Turvo, Mosaico de Jacupiranga/SP

As Unidades de Conservação são sub-divididas em duas categorias: Proteção Integral, com objetivos de manutenção do ecossistema livre da interferência humana na qual é permitido apenas o uso indireto; e de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, que tem por objetivo equilibrar a conservação da natureza com o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. O Parque de Jacupiranga era localizado na região sul do estado de São Paulo, denominada Vale do Ribeira, sendo criado em 1961 com aproximadamente 141 mil ha e cerca de 8 mil moradores presentes no seu interior, incluindo comunidades tradicionais, quilombolas, e agricultores migrantes de outros estados. O mosaico de Jacupiranga foi criado em 2008, com o objetivo de atender reivindicações dos moradores que sofriam restrições de suas atividades por estar dentro de uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, com isso, o antigo PEJ sofreu a recategorização, e foram criadas 3 unidades de proteção integral e 7 de uso sustentável na antiga área do parque. O objetivo foi analisar as mudanças socioeconômicas e ambientais das famílias que sofreram com a recategorização do antigo Parque Estadual do Jacupiranga para a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) dos Quilombos de Barra do Turvo e a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Planalto do Turvo, Mosaico de Jacupiranga/SP, onde a legislação ambiental permite a presença de moradores bem como suas atividades de subsistência. A coleta de dados foi feita pelo processo de entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com 12 moradores escolhidos por indicação dos próprios moradores das áreas tanto da APA quando da RDS. Com isso, pode-se observar uma maior liberdade nas atividades de uso da terra praticadas pelos moradores, contudo, mesmo com a recategorização, os investimentos públicos locais não são suficientes para propiciar uma boa qualidade de vida para as famílias das áreas analisadas