888 resultados para Processos sociais


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O tecido desta pesquisa se guiou pelo olhar da Psicologia Social, ‘par e passo’ com a busca pela análise histórica. A perspectiva da Psicologia aqui considerada entende que os processos sociais e os sujeitos nesses inseridos, são destes produtores e produzidos, e os critérios da verdade são construídos a partir das convenções sociais e dos regimes de poder presentes nas relações humanas. O interesse na pesquisa e intervenção em Saúde do Trabalhador, e a percepção da pertinência social que a atividade em teleatendimento tem atualmente no setor produtivo instigaram essa investigação. Considera as modificações do trabalho com o advento de novas tecnologias no contexto de globalização do capital, e as formas que o a atividade de trabalho em telefonia tomou. Há uma pluralidade de intercruzamentos que essa atividade profissional têm apresentado através das problemáticas a respeito das condições e da organização do trabalho e das queixas de saúde que chegam aos sindicatos dos trabalhadores (o SINTTELRS ), e que outros estudos já têm apontado. O objetivo do estudo foi apontar as relações entre os modos de gestão e o processo saúde-doença de teleoperadores, buscando investigar como se configura a organização do trabalho (modos de gestão) no campo das telecomunicações, identificar como essas características se expressam nas condições de saúde dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, e visibilizar as políticas de recursos humanos prevalecentes. Baseou-se no aporte metodológico da produção de sentidos no cotidiano, no âmbito da Psicologia Social, a análise das práticas discursivas (SPINK; FREZZA, 2000). A pesquisa empírica foi realizada buscando os dados dos quatro maiores ‘call centers’ sediados no Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada com entrevistas e textos da página eletrônica de uma instituição de referência no setor, visita às empresas e diário de campo. A partir das análises um outro olhar permitiu narrar outra história sobre políticas de gestão e saúde em teleatendimentos. A constituição e a caracterização do trabalho nos ‘call centers’ descritos apresentam organizações que se estruturam no perfil dos modelos flexíveis, e os modos de gestão ilustram esta bricolagem do ‘novo’ e do ‘velho’, quando encontra-se recolocado o receituário fordista/taylorista com as estratégias típicas da gestão da excelência. As políticas de recursos humanos se focam no estímulo e na manutenção da capacidade produtiva, e não há, efetivamente, uma política de saúde que atente para o componente organizacional na gênese dos sintomas de LER/DORT e de sofrimento psíquico, expressado com o termo genérico ‘estresse’. A concepção de saúde que embasa alguns programas de prevenção não ultrapassa a condição de saúde pensada como ausência de doença, apontando para a necessidade de expandir a discussão da regulamentação de parâmetros específicos para esta atividade, especialmente no que concerne reinvenção de uma saúde ocupacional na direção de uma saúde dos trabalhadores.

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O Museu do Taquaril, criado em 2010, é estudado como instituição museológica contemporânea, como museu comunitário, como iniciativa impulsionada pelo setor governamental por meio da Ação-Piloto do programa Pontos de Memória, do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus (Ibram). Com investigação realizada por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas, complementada por consulta a outras fontes, são descritos e analisados: o contexto de surgimento do Museu do Taquaril, etapas e processos de sua criação e de seu estabelecimento, desafios enfrentados e perspectivas para sua continuidade. O estudo é feito a partir de revisão de literatura sobre o desenvolvimento, a transformação e a diversificação dos museus no ocidente, observados como ferramentas utilizadas em processos sociais de construção de memórias e afirmação de identidades. São focalizados a chamada nova museologia e o surgimento em anos recentes de museus de cunho social, associados ao atendimento mais democrático de interesses da sociedade. É abordado o contexto nacional atual de implementação de políticas culturais inclusivas e de uma política pública nacional específica para o setor museal. Observa-se que a trajetória do Museu do Taquaril, iniciativa inserida nesse cenário, é impactada por agentes e circunstâncias do contexto interno da instituição e da comunidade local, assim como do contexto externo, especialmente a atuação do Ibram e o programa Pontos de Memória. Conclui-se que ainda há obstáculos a serem enfrentados pelo Museu do Taquaril para sua consolidação como museu comunitário.

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Na primeira parte deste meu Relatório de Estágio, referente ao desenvolvimento científico subjacente aos desenvolvimentos pedagógico-didácticos empreendidos, verifiquei que o principal objectivo partilhado pelos movimentos feministas, baseado na conquista de uma mudança capaz de alcançar a plena igualdade de direitos, encontra-se hoje falsamente conseguido. Apesar das importantes conquistas femininas que ocorreram essencialmente a partir dos anos 60 e 70 do século XX, a mulher continua a ser alvo de estereótipos profundamente enraizados e limitadores. É certo que usufrui agora de uma maior visibilidade na esfera social, mas terá sido esta arduamente conquistada ou intencionalmente cedida? Não abandonando o papel social a si destinado, a mulher tem acumulado diversos novos papéis e funções prescindindo muitas vezes das suas “vontades próprias”, dos seus sonhos. O estudo destas questões tem permitido manter estes assuntos em debate e reflexão, de modo a que não pertençam apenas à História do século XX. A Arte tem, assim, desempenhado um papel crucial ao nível da comunicação e exploração destas problemáticas que se mantém actuais, porém sempre camufladas. Privilegiando uma arte feita por “Grandes Mestres” e ignorando de certo modo as criações femininas, a sua importância e contributo para o estudo dos processos sociais, apenas a partir das décadas de 60 e 70, com o desenvolvimento das ideologias feministas, os horizontes da História da Arte começam a abrir-se, quase que forçadamente, ao universo feminino, aumentando esta, a sua riqueza e abrangência, ao contemplar diferentes visões e ideias. A exploração destas questões permite alcançar uma melhor compreensão da sociedade em que vivemos. Deste modo, a educação artística deverá contemplar como um dos seus objectivos principais, a sensibilização dos alunos para questões sociais passadas, presentes e suas projecções futuras, para que estes (os alunos) consigam compreender, nas suas múltiplas concepções, a realidade em que vivem. É essencial que desenvolvam capacidades de reflexão e análise crítica de forma a participarem construtivamente na sociedade que ajudarão a edificar. Foi neste sentido que direccionei toda a base científica da minha prática pedagógica desenvolvida durante o período de estágio, para uma análise e reflexão, por parte dos alunos, relativamente a questões que englobam o papel social da mulher, assim como o seu lugar na arte. Os entendimentos explorados neste Relatório de Estágio constituem um ponto de partida para uma reflexão mais ampla, no que respeita a todas as grandes questões do Humano e ao desenvolvimento dos conteúdos programáticos das Disciplinas em que, com o grupoturma, procedi às minhas intervenções enquanto professora estagiária.

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This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

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This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

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O conceito de saúde, na concepção mais abrangente, é uma condição multidimensional de bem-estar físico, psicológico e social e não apenas a inexistência de enfermidades. Os benefícios da atividade física são tão relevantes quanto os benefícios psicológicos, porque ambos contribuem para a saúde. A literatura aponta um conjunto de ligações diretas e indiretas entre a atividade física e a qualidade de vida. Apesar destes benefícios, o processo de envelhecimento é caracterizado por grandes perdas biopsicossociais, que geram várias situações de adversidades que causam preocupação e podem colocar em risco a saúde do idoso. Deste modo, surge a resiliência como um conjunto de processos sociais e intrapsíquicos, que possibilitam o desenvolvimento saudável do idoso, mesmo diante de experiências negativas. Nesta direção, observou-se a necessidade de executar uma pesquisa de conhecimento multidisciplinar conciliando a Educação Física com a Psicologia, a Medicina, a Terapia Ocupacional e a Gerontologia, com o objetivo de investigar o efeito da atividade física sobre os níveis de resiliência em mulheres idosas, bem como conhecer a importância desta atividade para suas vidas. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo comparativo descritivo, de caráter transversal. Assim sendo, 230 mulheres idosas foram divididas em dois grupos: ativas (n=115; 65,8±5,8 anos de idade), constituído por idosas matriculadas em um programa de atividade física orientada para idosos com período de prática igual ou superior a dois anos, e sedentárias (n=115; 69,2±7,2 anos de idade). Em seguida, foram submetidas à avaliação do nível de resiliência psicológica e da aptidão física (resistência muscular de membros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidade e resistência aeróbia). As idosas ativas apresentaram valores significativamente (p=0,001) maiores do fator 3 da resiliência psicológica quando comparados àqueles do grupo de idosas sedentárias, o qual está relacionado à autoconfiança e à capacidade de adaptação a situações diversas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre os grupos para os demais fatores (1 e 2). Quando comparados os testes de aptidão física com o nível de resiliência psicológica moderada (n=28) e alta (n=202) do fator 3, observou- se que idosas com nível de resiliência psicológica alta apresentaram maior flexibilidade (p=0,004). E para a avaliação da percepção da importância da atividade física para as idosas foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado. A partir da Análise de Conteúdo proposto por Bardin (2009) os resultados foram: saúde/prevenção (85%), interação (47%), autonomia (40%), alegria/felicidade (33%), resiliência (33%), lazer (15%). E para avaliar a resiliência utilizou-se a Escala de resiliência de Wagnild e Young (1993). Quanto aos níveis de resiliência os resultados demonstraram que todas idosas apresentaram alto nível. Considerando os achados do presente estudo, sugere-se o emprego da atividade física como método de intervenção para melhora da saúde mental e, por conseguinte, da resiliência psicológica na população em questão, uma vez que os resultados apontam que idosas fisicamente ativas apresentam escores de resiliência psicológica superiores àquelas estratificadas como sedentárias. O resultado desse estudo possibilitou também concluir que a importância da atividade física parece estar relacionada, na sua maioria, às características de saúde/prevenção, interação social, autonomia, resiliência, alegria/felicidade e lazer. Além disso, as mulheres do presente estudo apresentaram um alto nível de resiliência quando comparado à tabela normativa

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The current dissertation has as its main object of study the malaise with politics phenomenon. To comprehend it, is carried out in this work a inquiry, in different stages of analysis, based in the empirical data raised by the research Os Processos Sociais de Recepção do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral , made by the Grupo de Estudos Mídia e Poder, of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, during the local elections of 2004 in the city of Natal. Based in the focus group technique, such research raised an ample set of information about the decoding process of the electoral television programs, made by six different groups of citizens from the popular classes. Beginning from the presuppose which such process is influenced by the representations about politics made by those subjects, we use that set of empirical information to inquiry not only the decoding, but that same representations which this process is based. In this way, we analyse, in one side, the globally contrary decoding which subjects made from a conforming code of opposition and, in the other, the structure of feeling which it s based, called structure of feeling of the malaise with politics. Such structure is compound by generating themes which expresses the contraposition about the institutionalized politics and, in the same time, a resignation about politics which fortifies the dominant groups hegemony. We support the thesis which this set of representations about politics is caused by the denial of rights frame which those subjects are immersed

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Lima Barreto has built an educational conception of women in his fictional productions despite nuances inciting scholars to debate his writings and label him as misogynist and philogynist. Thus, the objective of this study is to comprehend, through signs present in his literary works, how women used to be educated in early twentieth century to accomplish the historical differences in gender relations. The main reason for this extract is the periodicity of his publications that started in 1900 by means of chronicles in newspapers and ended in 1922 after his death. For this, we identified codes and rules forged in the social processes to be assimilated by children through diverse institutions, aiming to incite the production of behaviors and social practices represented by the existence men and women in an ever changing society. Gender relations are analyzed within a society for their configuration concept by Nobert Elias (1970) as interdependence bonds among individuals. An investigative method proposed by Ginzburg (1989) was the most adequate to conduct the research on the work of Lima Barreto because it enables us to reconstruct the education concept for women. The dramas and novels analyzed point out the construction of categories such as women education, family, love and seduction revealing the engagement of Lima Barreto with the social problems of the period investigated. It was concluded that gender differentiation has come from family education which kept men and women in opposing sides giving them a marriage perspective that, after consummated, would bring frustration to women causing them to adopt confronting practices against domination strategies through celibacy or adultery. This research constitutes a reflection based on determined representations like justice, respect and duties that were the ideas defended by Lima Barreto in his writings, concerning both broader situations in social life and particular gender relations

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Care, in a global perspective, appears in the main quarrels as the necessary phenomenon that will have to permeate the thoughts, the perception and values for the change that will lead to the overcoming of a paradigmatic crisis. The professional care was attributed, in elapsing of history, to the Nursing. Its historical evolution and articulation with the social processes, political and scientific in prominence place, in what it says respect to human well-being, not objectifying to cure, but to comfort, to complement the weak capacities and to the establishment the present capacities, alleviating pain, in other words, caring. The Teaching of care in Nursing, suffered great influences of the biomedical model, being like this, the education in Nursing has been criticized for if being valid pedagogical models incapable to promote the growth of the subjects, keeping it passive before your life processes, showing fragilities, attitudes and questionable behaviors, dissonances, appearing the imminence of an act of to care and to educate that needs to be considered as dialectical and intersubjective act. The objective of this research is to understand the lived experience of the nursing teachers in the Teaching of Care, in order to reflect about the insert of Nursing in the current world context, watching the dialetics of the Teaching of care and the paradigm changes in the section health. It is a phenomenological research that used the analysis of the located phenomenon, to obtain the units of meaning of the speech Nursing teachers about your experience lived in the Teaching of care. This study allowed the Nursing teachers could share your existences, senses and information on the interior of your pedagogic action exalting the interpretation, which appears intentionally in the conscience, emphasizing the pure experience of the be-professor, including emotions and affectivities in the teaching of care. In the construction of the results, three moments were devoted for discussion: Multidimensional Care; Care as Professional Practice; and the Teaching of care. The speeches had revealed rich, complex and for paradoxical times. The understanding of a sensitive teaching, that sometimes, arrives if to worry in rescuing the tenderness and the humanity, it is running into the other permeated speeches of fragilities, inconstancies, technifying, that showed lacks of pedagogic preparation. The Teaching of care needs to adopt a conception of education/learning and to use methodologies that can lead to an action liberating, capable to breach with traditional mooring cables and preconceptions or little healthful habits of life, favoring the use of methods that promote educating for the way of the sensitive, detaching aspects that they contribute for this end, as the intuition, the emotion, the creation, the perception and the sensibility. In this direction, it is considered important to deepen subjects that make possible the creation of care strategies and educational with the human being vision in your totality, therefore if it perceives that the necessary therapeutical boarding to be ampler, passing for the social individual, family and its relations

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This paper has as its main focus the relation between the infringement act and the adolescents families social economical problematic, who obey the social educational deprivation of freedom at CEDUC in the district of Pitimbu RN, establishing in the theme Children and Adolescents, with the objective of showing how these families breed in the social economical and cultural political aspect. It also seizes who those adolescents are and their family members in their social aspect and as those families face their daily activities. The focus on the social matter, family, adolescent, infringement act, exclusion, inclusion formed the analysis categories which made myths and reality possible, taking into consideration the infringement act in our society. The data collection showed that those families conditions of life are of poverty. Families originated from low social classes, 62.5 % coming from the countryside and living with a daily income ranging from R$ 0,31 to R$ 8,31. Their level of education is low; there is lack of human and citizenship rights and no professional qualification whatsoever. It questions the degrading social exclusion suffered by millions of Brazilian people due to social, political and infringement economical problems. Has this favored the infringement practice? How to confirm the families lack of competence having the social vulnerability? Are the Public Political Institutions really performing the way they should? Are they really carrying out their role as they should? We have noticed that from then on, the necessity of understanding the exclusion/inclusion suffered not only in an imprecise and empty way, but understood as processes of integrative exclusion or ways of delinquency, where the excluding is not only the only one who has lack of material care but the one who is seen or recognized as a person, is not being treated as one. The effort of this paper provided an approach to our object, and the seizing of a close relation between the infringement act and the exclusion process or inclusion suffered, which are submitted to families of those adolescents who deprive of freedom

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The present study is about the professional exercise of the Social Worker in ONGs associated with the ABONG in Natal city, state of Rio Grande do Norte, referring to the work conditions, claims and professional responses in front of the capital restructuration circumstances. The group of socio-historical transformations, as a result of the after-1970 dynamic capitalism, conducts a process of new configurations in the relationship between State and society that directly affect the social question nowadays, destroying social rights historically conquered for the workers. In this context, the ONGs assume a strategical social function of the social question, contributing with the change of responsibilities with the social from the State to the third sector. This social movement causes changes to the Social Work since this is one of the professions that act on the immediate expressions of the social question. After a qualitative research based on a theoricalmethodological critical and dialectical perspective, it was possible to discover some contradictions, details and tendencies of the professional exercise of the Social Worker in ONGs. Summarizing, the results of the research show that: a) it was detected a tendency of precarization, instability, insecurity, no-articulation, no-profissionalization of the professionals in the work conditions; b) demands are associated with a moment of the capital re-ordering, where new professional exigencies and responsibilities are related with capital necessities in the period of structural crisis; c) limits and contradictions are present in a professional daily work mainly in function of the characteristics of gestation and functioning of the ONGs; d) the professionals that were interviewed show significant difficulties in a articulation between the professional daily work in organizations and the totality of the social processes, limiting the capability of doing critics to the requisitions imposed by the capital

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This paper presents the public square as a subsystem of the city for the potential integration of elements 'natural' and built environment. But sometimes the suitability of projects and the social processes involved are not compatible and favorable to their real functions in urban space. The city of Natal, with a population of 803,739 inhabitants has 253 public parks not uniformly distributed in the urban area, but mostly in central areas and their absence in some peripheral neighborhoods. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to analyze the quality and spatiality of the city's public squares within the urban socio-environmental problems. For this, use of simple random sampling to define the sample and the proportional allocation of districts, totaling 168 squares to be raised. We prepared a form to collect data on the field that includes aspects of leisure, infrastructure and environment. For each square sampled was calculated Square Quality Index (PQI), then calculating the average per IQP neighborhood. The rates found were crossed with census data and Municipal Public Administration by neighborhood, using multivariate analysis. We generated maps, charts and tables, considered appropriate to each question format, focused comparison. The public square appears as an indicator of environmental challenges present in intra-urban spaces of the city. Their spatial distribution is not consistent demand population, both by disposition and by how much. In terms of quality are characterized by different levels of inadequacy and degradation aspects of leisure, environmental and infrastructure, often causing disfigurement, abandonment and improper occupation in such spaces. Multivariate analysis point to a central concentration and their problems in certain administrative units, not only as regards the public squares, but also to aspects of education, income, and other violence, perpetuating the problem. The various levels of inadequacy and degradation of public squares have been more blatant in the poorest neighborhoods of the city, pointing to a structural pattern associated with the intrinsic characteristics of the neighborhood and the socioeconomic profile of the local population. These are problems of social and environmental dimensions, threaded in and influenced the political, economic and broader social process of transformation of the city and the urban. Based on an uneven process in which space necessarily reflect the contradictions inherent in the active forces and interests. Thus evidencing the importance of managing the necessary public effectively engaged with the problems that are present there, in order to equate them, without being prioritized certain areas of the city at the expense of others

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Incluye Bibliografía