Programme de prévention du décrochage scolaire par l'amélioration d'habiletés sociales chez quatre élèves à risque de devenir décrocheurs de type inadapté

Rapport d'analyse d'intervention présenté à la Faculté des arts et sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès sciences (M. Sc.) en psychoéducation

Behavioral Measures and their Correlation with IPM Iteration Counts on Semi-Definite Programming Problems

We study four measures of problem instance behavior that might account for the observed differences in interior-point method (IPM) iterations when these methods are used to solve semidefinite programming (SDP) problem instances: (i) an aggregate geometry measure related to the primal and dual feasible regions (aspect ratios) and norms of the optimal solutions, (ii) the (Renegar-) condition measure C(d) of the data instance, (iii) a measure of the near-absence of strict complementarity of the optimal solution, and (iv) the level of degeneracy of the optimal solution. We compute these measures for the SDPLIB suite problem instances and measure the correlation between these measures and IPM iteration counts (solved using the software SDPT3) when the measures have finite values. Our conclusions are roughly as follows: the aggregate geometry measure is highly correlated with IPM iterations (CORR = 0.896), and is a very good predictor of IPM iterations, particularly for problem instances with solutions of small norm and aspect ratio. The condition measure C(d) is also correlated with IPM iterations, but less so than the aggregate geometry measure (CORR = 0.630). The near-absence of strict complementarity is weakly correlated with IPM iterations (CORR = 0.423). The level of degeneracy of the optimal solution is essentially uncorrelated with IPM iterations.

Comorbilidad entre los factores de ansiedad del SCARED y la sintomatología depresiva en niños de 8-12 años

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la comorbilidad entre los factores de ansiedad del SCARED y síntomas depresivos en niños de 8-12 años. 792 niñas y 715 niños completaron el Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder (SCARED), el Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El 47% de la muestra presentó síntomas ansiosos y el 11,5% presentó síntomas depresivos. La comorbilidad heterotípica fue del 82% en niños con riesgo de depresión y del 20% en niños con riesgo de ansiedad. La comorbilidad homotípica entre los factores de ansiedad fue del 87%. La comorbilidad homotípica y heterotípica fueron elevadas, su detección hará posible prevenir la continuidad de un trastorno de ansiedad y el desarrollo de depresión

Televisão, frustração e agressão: um estudo de caso

Esta tese pretende levantar e problematizar a influência da televisão na investigação da agressividade infantil. Para esse objetivo selecionou-se dois grupos de crianças, um grupo experimental e outro de controle oriundos de dois estabelecimentos de ensino da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As crianças que compuseram a população estudada variavam de idade entre cinco e sete anos. Projetaram-se dois filmes: ao grupo experimental, um filme de ação - aventura dado com frustração e ao outro grupo - grupo de controle - um filme neutro caracterizado pelo desenrolar de cenas da vida animal. A frustração ao grupo experimental foi introduzida através de três interrupções na projeção do filme, interrupções essas que, no contexto da programação infantil, seriam provenientes de anúncios, ou de quaisquer outros motivos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionários respondidos pelos professores e pelas crianças, anotados por dez auxiliares de pesquisa. O estímulo "diferencial foi introduzido através dos dois filmes. Seguiu-se a sessão lúdica onde predominaram brincadeiras de jogos e bola, sendo feito na ocasião um video-tape. As auxiliares de pesquisa anotavam também os itens que lhes foram solicitados.

Como gerenciar a motivação e a liderança nas organizações militares da Marinha do Brasil para alavancar a eficácia do Programa Netuno

Este estudo busca identificar os fatores que contribuem para a motivação dos indivíduos nas organizações da Marinha do Brasil e quais fatores gerenciais podem contribuir para os métodos utilizados pelo Programa Netuno nas Organizações Militares da Marinha do Brasil. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada com base na literatura existente sobre o assunto e seguiu, primeiramente, uma linha histórica da procura por um Estado mais eficiente até o momento da criação dos Programas GesPública do Governo Federal e Programa Netuno da Marinha do Brasil. Foi estudado como a Motivação e a Liderança são tratadas dentro destes programas de gestão, seguindo-se uma análise de algumas das principais teorias motivacionais de processo e conteúdo: Teoria Motivacional de Abraham H. Maslow; Teoria X e Y de Douglas McGregor; Teoria de Herzberg de Dois Fatores; Teoria das Necessidades Adquiridas de McClelland; Teoria ERG de Alderfer; Teoria da Equidade de Stacy Adams; Teoria da Modificação do Comportamento Organizacional (ModCO) de Luthans e Kreitner; e Teoria da Expectância de Vroom. Além destas, foram analisadas teorias da motivação no setor público, em especial a de James Perry. Também são descritos aspectos que contextualizam as Forças Armadas no cenário mundial e o seu desdobramento na motivação do pessoal, a fim de analisar os diversos fatores que influenciam a motivação no pessoal da Marinha do Brasil, desenvolvendo-se um quadro de correlação destes fatores com os reflexos do desempenho.

Confining solutions of massive spin-0 bosons by a linear nonminimal vector coupling in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory

The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation, in the scalar sector of the theory and with a linear nominimal vector potential, is mapped into the nonrelativistic harmonic oscillator problem. The behavior of the solutions for this sort of vector DKP oscillator is discussed in detail.

Brazilian consensus on gastroesophageal reflux disease: Proposals for assessment, classification, and management

The Brazilian Consensus on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease considers gastroesophageal reflux disease to be a chronic disorder related to the retrograde flow of gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus and/or adjacent organs, resulting in a variable spectrum of symptoms, with or without tissue damage. Considering the limitations of classifications currently in use, a new classification is proposed that combines three criteria - clinical, endoscopic, and pH-metric - providing a comprehensive and more complete characterization of the disease. The diagnosis begins with the presence of heartburn, acid regurgitation, and alarm manifestations (dysphagia, odynophagia, weight loss, GI bleeding, nausea and/or vomiting, and family history of cancer). Also, atypical esophageal, pulmonary, otorhinolaryngological, and oral symptoms may occur. Endoscopy is the first approach, particularly in patients over 40 yr of age and in those with alarm symptoms. Other exams are considered in particular cases, such as contrast radiological examination, scyntigraphy, manometry, and prolonged pH measurement. The clinical treatment encompasses behavioral modifications in lifestyle and pharmacological measures. Proton pump inhibitors in manufacturers' recommended doses are indicated, with doubling of the dose in more severe cases of esophagitis. The minimum time of administration is 6 wk. Patients who do not respond to medical treatment, including those with atypical manifestations, should be considered for surgical treatment. Of the complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus presents a potential development of adenocarcinoma; biopsies should be performed, independent of Barrett's esophagus extent or location. In this regard the designation short Barrett's is not important in terms of management and prognosis. © 2002 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology.

Envolvimento do sistema dopaminérgico na sensibilização comportamental ao femproporex

The effects of repeated administration of fenproporex (FEN) on motor activity of rats were studied. FEN-treated group (5.0 mg/kg, i.p., single dose, 7 consecutive days), showed a marked increase in the motor activity of rats, indicating that the drug induced behavioral sensitization. Repeated coadministration of haloperidol prevented the development of sensitization to repeated administration of FEN. Repeated administration of FEN increased also locomotor activity measured in the open field, ratifying the occurence of sensitization. These findings indicated development of sensitization to repeated FEN administration and that the dopamine system might be involved in the mechanism of sensitization.

Implante de tendão autógeno do músculo flexor superficial dos dedos no reparo de desvio do pênis de bovines

In this experiment, 18 hybrid steers, from the ages between 16 and 20 months, were submitted to the removal of the penis apical ligament to provoke a penis deviation. After passed 30 days, to be tested, the animals were put together to the females that were in heat. It was verified the formation of the ventral and right lateral penis deviation with incapacity of the copula. The bovines were submitted to the autologous implant from the one following superficial portion tendon from the superficial flexor fingers muscle, on the top of albuginea tunic, replacing the apical penis ligament removed. The material implanted was well tolerated, appearance a few inflammatory cells and formation of the fibrous conjunctive tissue, causing resistant adherence and capacity of sustaining the free penis extremity. The bovines, when were among the females that were in heat, did not show a penis deviation nor sexual behavior modification. The method revealed itself satisfactory and it can be indicated to correct ventral and right lateral penis deviation in bovines.

Estados ligados em mecânica quântica relativística

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Opinião dos pais sobre a voz de seus filhos de 5 a 12 anos

Pós-graduação em Pediatria - FMB

Práticas educativas de genitores e professoras e repertório comportamental de crianças do ensino fundamental: estudos de caso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da exposição continuada a regras descritivas sobre o comportamento escolar de crianças

Histórias infantis têm sido utilizadas como recurso lúdico-didático na instalação de comportamentos. Nesta literatura, estes comportamentos geralmente estão descritos na forma de regras de conduta, explícitas (regras prescritivas) ou implicitamente (regras descritivas). O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da exposição continuada a histórias infantis, sobre a frequência e o tempo de engajamento em comportamentos relevantes à aprendizagem escolar, de quatro crianças entre sete e oito anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as professoras objetivando coletar relatos sobre o desempenho de seus alunos em atividades escolares. Em seguida, o experimentador realizou registros cursivos dos comportamentos das crianças em situação de sala de aula, com o objetivo de identificar a ocorrência e a freqüência dos comportamentos relatados pela professora, para selecionar e categorizar os comportamentos alvos. Foram selecionados os comportamentos de Cópia, Responder e Visto, a partir de então foram realizados registros de ocorrências da emissão destes comportamentos, com o objetivo de ter uma linha de base da freqüência de emissão destes comportamentos. A Condição Experimental era composta de linha de base e seis fases, em cada fase eram lidas histórias diferentes. A Fase sempre era iniciada com a leitura de uma história, seguida do registro de ocorrências dos comportamentos alvos. As histórias apresentavam regras descritivas mostrando as conseqüências positivas da emissão dos comportamentos selecionados e as conseqüências negativas da emissão de comportamentos incompatíveis com os mesmos. Os resultados sugerem que a exposição continuada às histórias foram eficientes para instalar e ou aumentar a frequência dos comportamentos de Cópia, Responder e Visto, bem como o tempo de engajamento das crianças nestas atividades.

Effectiveness of healthcare waste management interventions in developing countries

Inefficiencies during the management of healthcare waste can give rise to undesirable health effects such as transmission of infections and environmental pollution within and beyond the health facilities generating these wastes. Factors such as prevalence of diseases, conflicts, and the efflux of intellectual capacity make low income countries more susceptible to these adverse health effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the effectiveness of interventions geared towards better managing the generation, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of medical waste, as they have been applied in lower and middle income countries.^ Using a systematic search strategy and evaluation of study quality, this study reviewed the literature for published studies on healthcare waste management interventions carried out in developing countries, specifically the low and lower middle income countries from year 2000 to the current year. From an initially identified set of 829 studies, only three studies ultimately met all inclusion, exclusion and high quality criteria. A multi component intervention in Syrian Arab Republic, conducted in 2007 was aimed at improving waste segregation practice in a hospital setting. There was an increased use of segregation boxes and reduced rates of sharps injury among staff as a result of the intervention. Another study, conducted in 2008, trained medical students as monitors of waste segregation practice in an Indian teaching hospital. There was improved practice in wards and laboratories but not in the intensive care units. The third study, performed in 2008 in China, consisted of modification of the components of a medical waste incinerator to improve efficiency and reduce stack emissions. Gaseous pollutants emitted, except polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDF) were below US EPA permissible exposure limits. Heavy metal residues in the fly ash remained unchanged.^ Due to the paucity of well-designed studies, there is insufficient evidence in literature to conclude on the effectiveness of interventions in low income settings. There is suggestive but insufficient evident that multi-component interventions aimed at improving waste segregation through behavior modification, provision of segregation tools and training of monitors are effective in low income settings.^

The influence of HIV/AIDS on the association between genital human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in HIV/AIDS infected women: A literature review

Background: With over 440 million cases of infections worldwide, genital HPV is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection. There are several types including high risk types 16, 18, 58 and 70 among others, which are known to cause cervical cell abnormality and if persistent, can lead to cervical cancer which globally, claims 288,000 lives annually. 33.4 million people worldwide are currently living with HIV/AIDS, with 22.4 million in sub-Saharan Africa where 70% of the female population living with HIV/AIDS is also found. Similar risk factors for HPV, cervical cancer and HIV/AIDS include early age at sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, infrequent condom use, history of STI and immune-suppression. ^ Objectives: To describe the role of HPV in cervical cancer development, to describe the influence of HIV/AIDS on HPV and in the development of cervical cancer and to describe the importance of preventive measures such as screening. ^ Methods: This is a literature review where data were analyzed qualitatively and a descriptive narrative style used to evaluate and present the information. The data came from searches using Pub Med, Cochrane Library, EBSCO Medline databases as well as websites such as the CDC and WHO. Articles selected were published in English over the last 10 years. Keywords used included: 'HPV, cervical cancer and HIV', 'HIV and HPV', 'HPV and cervical cancer', 'HPV infection', 'HPV vaccine', 'genital HPV', 'HIV and cervical cancer', 'prevalence of HIV and cervical cancer' and 'prevalence of cervical cancer'. ^ Results: Women with HIV/AIDS have multiple HPV types, persistent infection, are more likely to present with cervical neoplasia and are at higher risk for cervical cancer. Research also shows that HIV could affect the transmissibility of HPV and that HPV itself could also increase the susceptibility to HIV acquisition. ^ Conclusion: HIV, genital HPV and cervical cancer are all preventable. Need to emphasize programs that aim to increase HIV/AIDS, HPV and cervical cancer awareness. Stress importance of behavior modification such as frequent use of condoms, decreased sexual partners and delayed first intercourse. Facilitate programs for screening and treating HPV, male circumcision, effective management of HAART and HPV vaccination.^