981 resultados para Poder Simbólico


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La presente tesis tiene el propósito de investigar los factores que condicionan el aprendizaje de las relaciones democráticas y los niveles de convivencia en la unidad educativa “Leonardo da Vinci” de la ciudad de Riobamba. Para el efecto se aborda la comprensión del Currículum desde su metateoría; es decir, desde las finalidades de la educación y los intereses que la orientan; por lo cual se analiza la relación individuo-sociedad, como también el papel reproductor y productor de cultura que la escuela puede desempeñar. Se examina la escuela como un posible espacio reproductor de distorsiones sociales, donde el ejercicio de poder se manifiesta en cada relación de fuerza entre los distintos actores de la comunidad educativa. En tal sentido, las relaciones intra-escolares son analizadas como manifestaciones de poder, en base a lo que, pensadores como Foucault y Bourdieu llaman, biopoder y poder simbólico, respectivamente. La institución escolar es estudiada también como un espacio donde compiten varias culturas, cuyas incidencias determinan el tipo de convivencia escolar. Se profundiza en las estrategias para el aprendizaje de valores, enfatizando en el aprovechamiento de dimensiones internas para la optimización humana. Finalmente, se realiza la etnografía del centro educativo, atendiendo especialmente las manifestaciones cotidianas en el tipo de convivencia institucional, productora de relaciones, lenguaje y poder, que constituyen el registro de la formación social.

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Este trabajo apunta a evidenciar la representación del Plan Colombia en Colombia y en Estados Unidos, a partir de la promesa retórica de la pacificación forzosa para hacer viable la prosperidad democrática como paso obligado para lograr el fortalecimiento del Estado. El Plan Colombia se vislumbra en este estudio, insertado en un diseño global imperial que ilustra por analogía un patrón de dominación que opera con estrategias discursivas equiparables en otras partes del planeta, donde la intervención militar, económica y cultural del poder contemporáneo impone discursos, a través del poder simbólico, la seducción y la fuerza militar, económica y jurídica. Como entrada metodológica se presenta el sistema-mundo moderno, la macroestructura de la colonialidad del poder y los elementos teóricos que soportan la perspectiva decolonial del análisis del discurso; la propuesta conceptual de la heterogeniedad histórica estructural planteada por Quijano, y la Teoría Crítica de la Cultura, elaborada por Santiago Castro-Gómez. Se ubica a Colombia en su sitio en la jerarquía de poder del sistema mundo y se introducen los principales elementos contextuales tanto históricos como presentes, en los cuales se desarrolla el Plan Colombia. Se analiza el impacto de la lucha global contra las drogas y el terrorismo global como ejes principales de articulación simbólica y discursiva para justificar la implementación del Plan desde dos historias locales, la de los Estados Unidos y la de Colombia, enmarcados en uno de los diseños globales y guerras privadas del Siglo XXI. Se aborda el tema de la hegemonía política en el sistema-mundo y su estructura a nivel local y global. La dimensión geopolítica que permite la continuidad de las hegemonías globales y locales se estructura desde discursividades e imaginarios simbólicos inscritos en ellas, tanto desde los diseños globales imperiales como desde las historias locales, manipuladas políticamente por las élites económicas y políticas de los Estados Unidos y por la élites del Tercer Mundo. La promesa para Colombia de avanzar en el esquema del sistema – mundo moderno hacia la semiperiferia, impulsó al Estado colombiano a profundizar el conflicto armado de más de 50 años de duración, entre otros, gracias al aporte militar, al apoyo técnico y al respaldo a Colombia de los Estados Unidos a través del Plan Colombia. En este contexto ¿Cómo entender y develar las intencionalidades del Plan Colombia de sus gestores globales y de quienes lo apoyan en Colombia y en Estados Unidos? A través del análisis discursivo en perspectiva decolonial, situado histórica y contextualmente, el texto se adentra en las respuestas de éstas y otras preguntas relacionadas con el esquema de dominación global contemporáneo. La perspectiva de análisis decolonial apunta al desmonte del modelo civilizatorio occidental euroestadounidense pues no es cierto que exista una sola tradición epistémica de la que se derive la verdad y la universalidad, aunque el totalitarismo colonial autoritario de occidente se haya erigido como universal obligatorio para todos. Se toma a “occidente” como referente epistemológico que nos rige porque es en occidente y a través de occidente que se ha enquistado la colonialidad del poder en el mundo, derivada del proyecto moderno colonial eurocéntrico, perpetuado a través del tiempo y que se mantiene en el Siglo XXI. La aproximación al Plan Colombia se presenta desde la jerarquía geopolítica y geo cultural para el caso colombiano, así como su lugar en el mundo de acuerdo con el esquema centro – periferia – semiperiferia de dicho sistema. Lo anterior implica ubicar a Colombia en el sistema-mundo, teniendo en cuenta la matriz colonial de larga duración que nació con la invasión a América y que se perpetúa hasta hoy en el Estado nación colombiano, a través de los esquemas de dominación física, de poder material y de control simbólico.

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El presente trabajo parte de una investigación etnográfica en una pequeña comunidad educativa del centro de la Sierra ecuatoriana, develando en ella el carácter de reproductora de cultura de la institución escolar y, en particular, de las distorsiones de las relaciones sociales en las prácticas escolares. A partir de esta investigación cualitativa, y mediante un prolijo estudio de las teorías curriculares, como también de ciertas categorías como cultura, ideología y poder; apoyándose en la teoría crítica del currículum, en la ley general del desarrollo cultural de Lev Vygotsky, en la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu del poder simbólico, en la observación de las microestructuras de poder de Michel Foucault, y en muchos otros aportes geniales de ayer y de hoy, el autor ha logrado ampliar significativa mente las conceptualización sobre la educación. Esta es una obra que renueva el debate sobre los fines de la educación, las políticas educativas y la calidad de la educación y, en consecuencia, puede ser útil para todas las personas que tienen que ver con la función de educar: padres, docentes, estudiantes, gobernantes y, en general, para quienes desprendiéndose de la educación tradicional esperan que la educación sirva para la construcción de un mejor orden social y planetario.

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O presente trabalho analisa a Rádio Brisa localizada na favela da Rocinha. A Brisa é uma rádio comunitária que reproduz em sua programação, o cotidiano dos moradores. Ao longo da pesquisa, analisei símbolos, códigos, linguagens e como todas essas questões influenciam na comunicação da rádio através da criação e produção do programa Música e Cia que aborda temas ligados à educação, cultura e saúde. Além do trabalho básico - roteiro e produção, foi estudada a linguagem e as especificidades do próprio veículo, levando em consideração a representatividade da rádio nas relações que envolvem ouvintes e locutores. O resultado da pesquisa foi apresentado em um vídeo de 20 minutos que mostra o cotidiano da rádio através de depoimentos de ouvintes e moradores e demais pessoas envolvidas.

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The aim of the present study is to analyze the evolution of the historical and institutional elements that generate the current design of the private health market in Brazil. Its main theoretical basis is the Theory of the Symbolic Power, by Pierre Bourdieu, complemented, in the non-conflictive aspects of these two visions, by the Anthony Giddens¿ institutional vision on the field genesis motivational factors. The research¿ data were collected through documents and semi structured interviews during 2002 e 2003 period, involving the qualitative analyze due to understand the field¿s phenomena under an actors¿ perspective. The research identifies the several players that integrate the market, their evident strategic goals, and those that are not so, besides of the powers¿ resources used to reach them, by DiMaggio and Powell¿ vision. Thus, it tries to show, through a historic linear description, and emphasis in the determinant facts, the evolution of the market¿s constitution. The study demonstrates that the field had formed from several Estate¿ actions, basically after the past seventy¿ decade, as result of a alternative Government¿ strategy towards a Brazilian population¿s dissemination plan of health¿ services that enforced the institutionalization of isomorphic structures, with a strong internal interaction and a hierarchy between kinds of values, that had emphasized the health¿ symbol as a citizenship¿s value. In the end, the study estimates that the crescent longevity¿ Brazilian¿s population and the consequent work¿s dismiss may cause a private health¿ elitism conforming a future problem in this sensible segment of the social politics of the Brazilian government.

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A Raça Brasil, revista dirigida ao leitor afro-descendente, objetiva-se a proporcionar auto-estima e visibilidade ao negro, a partir de uma representação baseada em valores considerados positivos. Lançada em setembro de 1996, a revista é a mais importante publicação comercial etnicamente segmentada, em virtude da expressiva circulação que já apresentou em seu tempo de existência. Esta dissertação busca identificar quem é o negro representado na revista Raça Brasil. Para isso, estuda a forma como os meios de comunicação se posicionam frente à questão racial, considerando o poder simbólico que possuem. Além disso, aborda a teoria da identidade e a construção da identidade brasileira, o que embasa o estudo dos valores partilhados na cultura nacional sobre os afro-descendentes e fundamenta a análise da revista Raça Brasil. Junto à análise, é apresentado um panorama geral da publicação através da descrição da revista. O estudo da publicação permite afirmar que o negro representado na revista Raça Brasil corresponde, entre outros aspectos, a uma pequena parcela dos afro-descendentes que conseguiram alcançar uma condição melhor de vida. Ou seja, para se dirigir a esses prováveis consumidores, que compõem a classe média formada por afro-descendentes, os produtores da revista Raça Brasil constroem uma representação com o propósito de que o leitor se identifique com exemplos de ascensão social do negro, auto-estima e a assunção de mestiços como negros. Sendo assim, a revista pode ser compreendida como uma estratégia de identidade da parte dos seus produtores.

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Fundada em 1902, a Tribuna de Petrópolis acumula 108 anos de publicação na cidade serrana do interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Sendo um jornal local, de circulação restrita aos limites do município, sua existência por mais de um século reflete o esforço de seus diretores pela superação de crises e também pela manutenção de um poder simbólico de identidades sobre a cidade. Analisa-se a trajetória do jornal a partir de três fases de existência e da relação que o mesmo estabeleceu com Petrópolis em cada uma delas: no início do século XX, quando de sua fundação, momento em que representa o reposicionamento político do Grupo de Petrópolis após a perda da capital para Niterói; na metade do século, entre os anos 1950 e 1970, quando o jornal atravessa uma profunda crise e tem sua falência decretada; e nas décadas finais do século XX, quando o veículo se reorganiza e, sob o comando de herdeiros da Família Imperial, constrói para si uma nova relação de identificação e representação com a cidade de Petrópolis. Como jornal-empresa e parte de um conglomerado de comunicação, a Tribuna de Petrópolis chega ao século XXI e se estabelece como instituição pautada por escolhas e decisões estratégicas de administração e relacionamento com o mercado local de anunciantes.

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A presente dissertação aborda a relação do jornal francês Le Monde Diplomatique com o Fórum Social Mundial. O tema é abordado sob a ótica da sociologia das relações internacionais, procurando contextualizá-lo no âmbito das discussões sobre os atores não-estatais e estudos midiáticos, a partir dos efeitos que o fenômeno globalização produziu sobre os debates teóricos nas Relações Internacionais como disciplina. O estudo de caso demonstra que o jornal teve um papel determinante na construção do discurso e das estratégias de ação do movimento por uma globalização alternativa, e na conseqüencia elaboração e realização do Fórum Social Mundial. Além disso, por sua relevância e singularidade no cenário midiático, o jornal colaborou para ampliação do poder simbólico do evento/processo ao longo de todas as suas edições. O veículo é considerado, portanto, como uma expressão pioneira e atuante no movimento altermundialista.

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This work is a discussion of the artistic process of an artist-researcher made from field research with benzedeiras and benzedores the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This is an investigation on the cultural universe of the popular benzeção as poetic element to the artistic dance. To discuss the different stages of the research and the relationships between the artist-researcher, the benzedeiras/benzedores and the creation/composition scenic, the work takes as reference the triangular relationship created by anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, in his discussion on the effectiveness of symbols of healing, adapted to the context of benzeção . For dialogue between tradition, popular knowledge, scientific and artistic knowledge this work approaches as analytical reference the epistemological model of the type rhizome proposed by Deleuze and Guattari, understanding it as a model that seeks to form a network of relations in different paths of research, to establish connections between elements without target them or subordinating them. In the universe of benzeção , benzedeiras and benzedores carry a symbolic power that issued in whispered prayers, in peculiar gestures that form crosses in space, heal those who seek your prayers and blessing. In this research, the mixture of popular knowledge, artistic and academic knowledge, born an artistic work in the context of Performing Arts, more specifically dance, and between branches, saints, candles and conversations the work allowed other looks poetic for our popular culture, (re)asserting their cultural and human values through the art

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The reality experienced by many families and individuals who seek and require the services of the Unified Health System - SUS, the relationships between users, health professionals, and political representatives, establishes the core of the issue that guides the choice and interest of this study concerning the prominence of clientelist practices and gifts that permeate the health field. The research is based on the analysis and reflection of the intrinsic relationship between the health and political fields. It analyses the health field and its relationship with the dynamics and developments of the local political scenario relating it to the implementation of the Family Health Program and Community Health Agents Program (PACS/PSF health programs) in the city of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte which refers to the period 1991-2010; and falls into a methodological perspective of qualitative approach. The methodological tools and techniques used were based on semi-structured interviews, direct observation of the field, journalistic texts and documentary sources. The construction and questioning of the object of the research were based on theoretical contributions from authors discussing the social field and symbolic power: Bourdieu (2005); clientelist relationships and gifts from asymmetric exchanges: Rouland (1997), Lanna (1995), Martins (1999), Carvalho (1999), Diniz (1982); exercise of hegemony and political strategy from authors who analyse this subject: Gramsci (1995), Coutinho (1981), and Gruppi (1978). Furthermore, the research has established dialogues with authors who address the dynamics of Brazilian politics such as Baquero (2001) and Weffort (1993). The collected data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The results showed that with the implementation of the PACS/PSF programs in the aforementioned city, the health field has established itself as a key scenario for the exercise of political hegemony of the factions that dominate this socio-political context, resizing clientelist practices, however, without modifying the power structures within this social scenario

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The subject of study of this work is the teacher spawning of the Instituto de Educação do Pará in the decades of 1970 and 1980. It aims the enablement offered by the institute concerning the racial issue. The thesis highlights the inferior condition to which the black student is relegated and the discrimination it suffers. Our argument is to affirm the omission of the curriculum and the reference resources as far as the racial issue is concerned. Before the singularity of the Brazilian case a country with a slavish background, with serious social unbalance problems, many of them resulting from the racial segregation implemented by that slavish system , this work claims that the preparation of the teachers for dealing with this issue is crucial, since the absence of this preparation leads to the reproduction of the prejudice inside the classroom. This thesis is based on the theory of Pierre Bourdieu on the notion of habitus and symbolic power

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This research, whose theme is related to climacteric, aims to know the social representation of menopause developed by the nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa PB, as well as identifying its structure and verifying the way it interferes with the assistance and educational practices to the climacterial user. In the theoretical level, it is based on a model that articulates the social representations theory, the central nucleus complementary theory and the central concepts of Pierre Bourdieu s praxiology: habitus, cultural capital, social field and symbolic power. A hundred and forty-seven female nurses who work for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa (PB) took part in this research, and the data collection period was from February 2008 to March 2009. As to the methods and techniques, we used the method to determine the central nucleus based on the free association of words, a questionnaire to identify certain regularities that constitute the nurses habitus, and the semi-structured interview to explore opinions and attitudes when facing assistance situations and educational practices and to collect other relevant information. The data analysis was developed, when referring to the free associations, with the help of the EVOC software, which is a group of articulated programs which carry out the statistical analysis of the evocations and the identification of the possible elements of both the central nucleus and the peripheral system of the social representation. As to the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical analysis and the analysis of correlation between the variables. The interviews were submitted to a categorical analysis of the content. The EVOC result indicated that the cognition hormone was the only element of the central nucleus of the social representation of menopause. Due to its symbolic value and structuring power, this central nucleus ensures the strict and, at the same time, flexible character of the representational content. The analysis of the social advancement, of some fundamental features of the group habitus, as well as the analysis of its insertion in the health field and of the attitudinal opinions and dispositions concerning the assistance given to the climacterial user, and the analysis of the pedagogical dimension of this assistance, all these analyses lead to the conclusion that the nurses who took part in this research share a social representation of the menopause resulting from the association of different technical and scientific knowledge. These derive from the biomedical pattern as well as from hegemonic values which disqualify old age and overvalue youth, from pedagogical conceptions arising from patterns that are presently regarded as authoritative and old-fashioned and from cultural references (responsible for the semantic variations concerning the central nucleus) which are specific to the subgroups the nurses belong to. This research enables the creation of opportunities for discussion between active nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família, and the nurses who are teachers at institutions of higher education, aiming at linking theory to practice, so that they can find ways of thinking about the climacteric and working, in a more comprehensive way, with users who are experiencing this stage of life

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At this investigation it was analyzed the content and the organization of the social representation on the object teachers education, built by teachers of degree courses from Universidade Federal do Piauí(Ufpi), understanding such representation articulated to the teaching habitus of these educators of teachers, what takes under consideration the position that they hold in the structure of the national field and in the subfield of teachers education. For that, it is searched: a) to emphasize the properties of the place in which the trainers act Ufpi as the office of those field and subfield; b) to understand who are the trainers, that is, to grasp the teaching habitus of the trainers with a view of its origin, social trajectory and the specifics of their position in the analyzed field and the subfield and c) to know what they think about their work object, that is, identify and articulate the content and the organization of the social representation analyzed with their properties of field and subfield agents. The research includes the specific degree courses of the Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella , from Teresina(PI), and it was applied to 134 professors of degree courses from this Campus. The data collect joined to the participants happened on the second period of 2008 and on the first semester of 2009. The starting point of the study is the corroboration that the reform of Ufpi degree courses, determined by the legislation and stablished at this Institution in 2005, altered a little the previous situation. It is comprehended that Ufpi and its structures of teachers education as a trainer institution, is limited by the national academic field and by the subfield of teachers education. From this last one, it was listed some of its properties, to show that it is about an academic subfield in construction process. It is emphasized division of the subfield, that separates the trainers into two subgroups the ones who dedicate themselves to the specific education on the contents and those ones who are specialized on pedagogical education placed in antagonistic position and competing by the symbolic power of imposing the meaning and the sense of the teachers education in the degree courses. To understand the comprehension of the problem, it is searched for the models that are in the root of the construction of the University and its project of teachers education in the degree courses, to clarify the matrixes in which the social representation searched is stablished. The theoretical referential articulates the contributions of Moscovici, the theory of social representations, and of Bourdieu, with the concepts that compose its praxeology, as habitus, social field, capital, symbolic power and others, as well as their interpreters and continuators, as Domingos Sobrinho. From the literature about the university and teachers education, it was used Dermeval Saviani, Luiz Antônio Cunha, Maria Isabel da Cunha and Mirian Jorge Warde, besides others. Plurimethodological procedures were adopted, combining associative techniques adjusted to the access to the social representations, and a classic technique, a questionnaire about teaching habitus. The condition is that the teachers build different social representation of the object teachers education because of the distinct positions that they occupy in the structure of the academic field and the subfield of the teachers education. The reached positions in the field and subfield are due to the differences in the origin and social trajectory of these agents, who, therefore, have different teaching habitus from which they build their social representation about their work object. It is highlighted that the teaching habitus and the social representation of two subfields, identified by the belongings to different dimensions of the teachers education in the degree courses, they have similarities and, also, differences. These ones permit to support that the subjects are holders of distinct teaching habitus that conceive different practices, struggles, tensions and conflicts around the sense of teachers education

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Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

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Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC