903 resultados para Plantas cultivadas - Experiência de campo


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Coffee is one of the most valuable exported agricultural product worldwide as well as the second most traded commodity after oil. This crop represents a source of employment and considerably accounts for the revenue of the country, besides its undeniable importance for local and world socioeconomical scenery. The quality of the coffee drink is directly related to the fruit ripening stage, which is found in different stages at harvesting due to the sequential flowering, increasing costs with the production and generating a lower-quality beverage. The asynchronous flowering of the coffee tree comes from the uneven development of buds, which can be influenced by environmental factors, taking into account that the anthesis takes place after a water deficit period, followed by precipitation. Changes in the hormone balance have been observed after water deficit and rehydration cycles, and such oscillation on the water status of the plant increased the level of ethylene in some species. This finding led to the association between the requirements at the flowering stage of the coffee tree and the involvement of the ethylene in promoting anthesis. The application of 1- MCP (ethylene action inhibitor) triggered the anthesis in coffee trees. And, in coffee seedlings in greenhouse conditions after a period of water shortage followed by irrigation, the profile of gene expression of the biosynthesis route and signaling of ethylene are changed in leaves and roots. The increased levels of the ethylene precursor (ACC) in roots throughout the dry season and the transportation of this compound into shoots may be the signal to trigger the anthesis in coffee tree after rehydration. Thus, in order to better understand the role of the ethylene in regulation of flowering, we analyzed the effects of the exogenous application of 1-MCP in different physiological characteristics and in the expression of genes related to the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in coffee leaves and bud from plants under field conditions. The evaluations and tissue sampling were carried out in different times treatments implementation: T1 – control, T2 – 1-MCP+Break-Thru, and T3 – Break-Thru. There was influence of 1-MCP and Break-Thru in gas exchange parameters and of 1-MCP contributed to the increase in relative water content. RT-qPCR analyses showed a different behavior in relation to the profile of gene expression in leaves and buds analyzed in the present study (CaACS1 – like, CaACO1 – like, CaACO4 – like, CaETR4 – like) and the expression levels were changed a few hours (2h) after applying the products. However, there was flowering only in plants treated with 1-MCP, in the absence of rain and irrigation.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

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Com a disseminação da agricultura industrial, com grande utilização de insumos tecnológicos, mecanizada e fundamentada num número reduzido de espécies e variedades de plantas cultivadas, os modos de produção autóctone têm sofrido pressões em todo mundo. Entre estas, citam-se a modernização do campo, a perda de terras para agricultura comercial em larga escala e a emigração dos jovens em busca de melhores condições de vida, que acarretam grandes mudanças para estes sistemas agrícolas. As comunidades de agricultores de subsistência são detentoras de uma gama de variedades de diversas espécies cultivadas, sendo que essa diversidade é um fator adaptativo importante para o agricultor ante as variações ambientais, climáticas, biológicas e socioeconômicas, além de ser importante para a segurança do sistema alimentar mundial. Isto faz com que estes agricultores se tornem importantes parceiros para programas de conservação in situ de plantas cultivadas. No Brasil, assentamentos rurais são formados por agricultores de diversas origens, e são locais onde a agricultura é parcialmente voltada para a subsistência. Dentre a grande diversidade de plantas cultivadas para subsistência, as raízes e os tubérculos constituem, depois dos cereais, a principal fonte de alimento para a população humana. O presente estudo visou levantar as espécies de raízes e tubérculos cultivados nos Assentamentos Rurais Araras I, II, III e IV, no município de Araras, São Paulo, e analisou a potencialidade dos pequenos agricultores das assentamentos como mantedores de agrobiodiversidade. A pesquisa se deu através de entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas, onde os agricultores entrevistados forma selecionados de maneira aleatória e estratificada entre os quatro assentamentos. Os dados coletados foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Os resultados...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The aim of this study was to determine the best pre-germination treatments for seeds and the best size container for seedlings growing of coral tree Erythrina mulungu (Mart. ex. Benth). Among the treatments applied to seeds, scarification with sulfuric acid during 10 minutes and cutting stylus in the region opposite to hilum resulted, respectively, in highest values of germination percentage (82.8% and 82.1%) and rates of germination speed (1.15 and 1.71). The biometric variables indicated no effect of container size on leaf area and dry mass plants. At 63 days after sowing, although with Dickson quality score statistically similar (mean 0.26), only plants grown in small and large bags reached the diameter collect close to 5 mm, minimum recommended for field planting. According to the results, for initial development of coral tree, it is recommended pre-seed treatment with sulfuric acid commercial, sowing in plastic bags of 17 x 20 cm, and wait 63 days before planting in the field.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)