Centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinus strigosus occurring in the Brazilian Amazon

Avaliou-se a composi����o centesimal e an��lise f��sico-qu��mica do Lentinus strigosus, um cogumelo comest��vel de ocorr��ncia na Amaz��nia brasileira, produzidos em substratos alternativos �� base de res��duos madeireiros e agroindustriais. Com este objetivo, determinou-se C, N, pH, s��lidos sol��veis, atividade de ��gua, prote��na, lip��dios, fibra total, cinzas, carboidratos e energia. Os substratos foram formulados a partir de serragem de Simarouba amara Aubl. (marup��), Ochroma piramidale Cav. ex. Lam. (pau-de-balsa) e Anacardium giganteum (caju��); e do estipe de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (pupunheira) e de Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-a����car). Os resultados demonstraram que: a composi����o nutricional do L. strigosus variou com o substrato de cultivo; os valores de prote��na encontrados nos cogumelos cultivados nos diferentes substratos (18 - 21,5%) variaram de acordo com o substrato, sendo considerados elevados; os s��lidos sol��veis presentes nos cogumelos podem ter rela����o com vitaminas hidrossol��veis do complexo B; o L. strigosus pode ser considerado um importante alimento devido suas caracter��sticas nutricionais: alto teor de prote��na, carboidratos metaboliz��veis e fibras; baixos teores de lip��dios e de calorias.

Applying concept mapping strategies to improve students��� lifelong learning in physical chemistry

Este art��culo ofrece una reflexi��n sobre el papel de los mapas conceptuales en el actual escenario de la educaci��n In the present paper, we carry out the application of concept mapping strategies to learning Physical Chemistry, in particular, of all aspect of Corrosion. This strategy is an alternative method to supplement examinations: it can show the teacher how much the students knew and how much they didn��t know; and the students can evaluate their own learning. Before giving tile matter on Corrosion, the teachers evaluated the previous knowledge of the students in the field and explained to the students how create the conceptual maps with Cmap tools. When the subject is finished, teachers are assessed the conceptual maps developed by students and therefore also the level of the students learning. Teachers verified that the concept mapping is quite suitable for complicated theorics as Corrosion and it is an appropriate tool for the consolidation of educational experiences and for improvement affective lifelong learning. By using this method we demonstrated that the set of concepts accumulated in the cognitive structure of every student in unique and every student has therefore arranged the concepts from top to bottom in the mapping field in different ways with different linking" phrases, although these are involved in the same learning task.

Systematic derivation of partition functions for ligand binding to two-dimensional���lattices

The Ising problem consists in finding the analytical solution of the partition function of a lattice once the interaction geometry among its elements is specified. No general analytical solution is available for this problem, except for the one-dimensional case. Using site-specific thermodynamics, it is shown that the partition function for ligand binding to a two-dimensional lattice can be obtained from those of one-dimensional lattices with known solution. The complexity of the lattice is reduced recursively by application of a contact transformation that involves a relatively small number of steps. The transformation implemented in a computer code solves the partition function of the lattice by operating on the connectivity matrix of the graph associated with it. This provides a powerful new approach to the Ising problem, and enables a systematic analysis of two-dimensional lattices that model many biologically relevant phenomena. Application of this approach to finite two-dimensional lattices with positive cooperativity indicates that the binding capacity per site diverges as Na (N = number of sites in the lattice) and experiences a phase-transition-like discontinuity in the thermodynamic limit N ��� ���. The zeroes of the partition function tend to distribute on a slightly distorted unit circle in complex plane and approach the positive real axis already for a 5��5 square lattice. When the lattice has negative cooperativity, its properties mimic those of a system composed of two classes of independent sites with the apparent population of low-affinity binding sites increasing with the size of the lattice, thereby accounting for a phenomenon encountered in many ligand-receptor interactions.

A "Know-How vs. Know-What" Approach in the Teaching-Learning of Competences in Physical Chemistry

The methodological approach a teacher uses in the competence teaching-learning process determines the way students learn. Knowledge can be acquired from a series of perspectives, mainly: ���know-what��� (concept), where facts and descriptions of (natural or social) phenomena are pursued; ���know-how��� (procedure), where methods and procedures for their application are described; and ���know-why��� (competence), where general principles and laws that explain both the facts and their applications are sought. As all the three cases are interconnected, the boundaries between them are not fully clear and their application uses shared elements. In any case, the depth of student���s acquired competences will be directly affected by the teaching-learning perspective, traditionally aiming to a ���know-why��� approach for full competence acquisition. In this work, we discuss a suitable teaching-learning methodology for evaluating whether a ���know-how���, ���know-what��� or combined approach seems better for enhancing competence learning in students. We exemplify the method using a selection of formative activities from the Physical Chemistry area in the Grades of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.

Assessment of Competences in the Physical Chemistry Area: Use of the Department Teaching Portfolio

Competences have become a standard learning outcome in present university education within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In this regard, updated tools for their assessment have turned out essential in this new teaching-learning paradigm. Among them, one of the most promising tools is the ���learner��s portfolio���, which is based on the gathering and evaluation of a range of evidences from the student, which provides a wider and more realistic view of his/her competence acquisition. Its appropriate use as a formative (continuous) assessment instrument allows a deeper appraisal of student��s learning, provided it does not end up as another summative (final) evaluation tool. In this contribution we propose the use of the portfolio as a unifying assessment tool within a university department (Physical Chemistry), exemplifying how the portfolio could yield both personalized student reports and averaged area reports on competence acquisition. A proposed stepwise protocol is given to organize the individual competence reports and estimate the global competence level following a bottom-up approach (i.e. ranging from the class group, subject, grade, and academic course).

Physical Health Problems and Environmental Challenges Influence Balancing Behaviour in Laying Hens

With rising public concern for animal welfare, many major food chains and restaurants are changing their policies, strictly buying their eggs from non-cage producers. However, with the additional space in these cage-free systems to perform natural behaviours and movements comes the risk of injury. We evaluated the ability to maintain balance in adult laying hens with health problems (footpad dermatitis, keel damage, poor wing feather cover; n = 15) using a series of environmental challenges and compared such abilities with those of healthy birds (n = 5). Environmental challenges consisted of visual and spatial constraints, created using a head mask, perch obstacles, and static and swaying perch states. We hypothesized that perch movement, environmental challenges, and diminished physical health would negatively impact perching performance demonstrated as balance (as measured by time spent on perch and by number of falls of the perch) and would require more exaggerated correctional movements.We measured perching stability whereby each bird underwent eight 30-second trials on a static and swaying perch: with and without disrupted vision (head mask), with and without space limitations (obstacles) and combinations thereof. Video recordings (600 Hz) and a three-axis accelerometer/gyroscope (100 Hz) were used to measure the number of jumps/falls, latencies to leave the perch, as well as magnitude and direction of both linear and rotational balance-correcting movements. Laying hens with and without physical health problems, in both challenged and unchallenged environments, managed to perch and remain off the ground. We attribute this capacity to our training of the birds. Environmental challenges and physical state had an effect on the use of accelerations and rotations to stabilize themselves on a perch. Birds with physical health problems performed a higher frequency of rotational corrections to keep the body centered over the perch, whereas, for both health categories, environmental challenges required more intense and variable movement corrections. Collectively, these results provide novel empirical support for the effectiveness of training, and highlight that overcrowding, visual constraints, and poor physical health all reduce perching performance.

Physical chemistry of virus adsorption and degradation on inorganic surfaces: its relation to wastewater treatment /

Mode of access: Internet.

The physical chemistry of steel making,

The effect of deoxidation on the rate of ferrite formation in plain carbon steels by C. H. Herty, M. W. Lightner, and D. L. McBride.--The effect of deoxidation on grain size and grain growth in plain carbon steels, by C. H. Herty, D. L. McBride and S. O. Hough.--The effect of deoxidation on the aging of mild steels, by C. H. Herty and B. N. Daniloff.--Effect of deoxidation on the impact strength of carbon steels at low temperatures, by C. H. Herty and D. L. McBride.--The physical chemistry of steel-making. The control of iron oxide in the basic openhearth process, by C. H. Herty, and others.--The deoxidation of steel, by C. H. Herty.

A literature survey on the physical chemistry, analysis and recovery and/or disposal of hydrofluoric acid /

"Feed Materials Production Center, National Lead Company of Ohio"--Cover.

Topics in physical chemistry : a supplementary text for students of medicine.

Contains bibliographies.