Processos de degradação e regeneração da vegetação campestre do entorno de areais do sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul

No Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul ocorrem manchas de substrato arenoso sem cobertura vegetal, conhecidos regionalmente como areais. A tese reexamina o problema e suas causas, enfatizando o papel da vegetação natural e propondo estratégias para a revegetação e prevenção à arenização em sistemas pastoris. Evidências foram obtidas em levantamentos e experimento avaliando processos de degradação e regeneração da vegetação campestre do entorno de areais. Levantamento da vegetação, realizado em 41 parcelas de 4,5 x 9,0 m na borda de 11 areais indicou a existência de dois tipos de comunidades. Areais de Manoel Viana e aqueles usados pelo gado em São Francisco de Assis, com alto percentual de substrato exposto, são caracterizados principalmente por Elyonurus sp., Axonopus pressus e Butia paraguayensis. Areais de Alegrete e aqueles excluídos de pastejo em São Francisco de Assis, com menor percentual de substrato exposto, são caracterizados principalmente por Andropogon lateralis e Aristida laevis. Foi também avaliada a dinâmica da vegetação em gradientes de arenização, usando quadros (0,25 m2) contíguos em 16 transecções de 10 m localizadas em cinco areais. A dinâmica da vegetação foi associada ao uso das áreas pelo gado, pois houve aumento, após 14 meses, de substrato exposto em comunidades de areais sob pastoreio, enquanto que aquelas sem gado apresentaram uma dinâmica espacial-temporal de maior estabilidade da cobertura vegetal. Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar, durante 8 meses, o efeito de níveis controlados de soterramento por areia (0, 5, 10 e 20 cm) em comunidades do entorno de dois areais sob pastoreio. Comunidades caracterizadas por Elyonurus sp. e Axonopus pressus foram mais tolerantes ao soterramento. As evidências indicam que a exclusão do gado de areais pode ser uma alternativa eficaz para a revegetação de areais por espécies das comunidades naturais do entorno. Ademais, a arenização pode ser prevenida pelo uso adequado dos campos que mantenha a cobertura vegetal natural protegendo o solo dos processos erosivos hídrico e eólico.

Medindo o impacto social da regeneração urbana pela cultura : percepções dos moradores da Mouraria

Este trabalho centra-se na capacidade do investimento em cultura, em contexto de regeneração urbana, em atender a retórica da revitalização social e em que medida oferece soluções socialmente sustentáveis para os moradores. Para o efeito, centra-se sobre os significados e práticas do culture-led urban regeneration (CLUR) na cidade-histórica e é proposta sua medição quanto a impactos sociais subjetivos na comunidade local. Uma das principais preocupações do estudo é o grau em que o CLUR pode realmente cumprir as expectativas que os decisores políticos têm dele como “ferramenta” de abordagem integrada e sustentável na transformação de espaços urbanos degradados. Para dar conta de tais objetivos vai se destacar o caso do bairro lisboeta da Mouraria como estudo de caso e local de teste das hipóteses apresentadas na pesquisa. Medir os impactos sociais subjetivos da intervenção sócio-urbana no bairro, na óptica de seus moradores, formam o eixo central do estudo. E, igualmente relevante, procurou-se avançar na produção de instrumentos de medição capazes de aferir o impacto social subjetivo de intervenções urbanas de base cultural. Com os procedimentos adotados na pesquisa, a dissertação reporta-se à experiência europeia e portuguesa procurando traçar a genealogia destas políticas, discutir as retóricas que as justificam e desvendar como os moradores da zona intervencionada percepcionam tais transformações do seu lugar.

Síntese, caracterização e estudo da regeneração do silicoaluminofosfato-11 (SAPO-11)

heterogeneous catalyst such as a silicoaluminophosphate, molecular sieve with AEL (Aluminophosphate eleven) structure such as SAPO-11, was synthesized through the hydrothermal method starting from silica, pseudoboehmite, orthophosphoric acid (85%) and water, in the presence of a di-isopropylamine organic template. For the preparation of SAPO-11 in a dry basis it was used as reactants: DIPA; H3PO4; SiO4; Pseudoboehmite and distilled water. The crystallization process occurred when the reactive hydrogel was charged into a vessel and autoclaved at 200ºC for a period of 72 hours under autogeneous pressure. The obtained material was washed, dried and calcined to remove the molecular sieves of DIPA. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen adsorption (BET) and thermal analysis (TG/DTG). The acidic properties were determined using adsorption of nbutylamine followed by programmed thermodessorption. This method revealed that SAPO-11 shows an acidity that ranges from weak to moderate. However, a small quantity of strong acid sites could be detected there. The deactivation of the catalysts was conducted by artificial coking followed by the cracking of the n-hexane in a fixed bed with a continuous flow micro-reactor coupled on line to a gas chromatograph. The main products obtained were: ethane, propane, isobutene, n-butane, n-pentane and isopentane. The Vyazovkin (model-free) kinetics method was used to determine the regeneration and removal of the coke

Estudos comparativos do ciclo de regeneração de diferentes tipos de silicoaluminofosfatos

Different types of heterogeneous catalysts of the silicoaluminophosphate type, (SAPO-5, SAPO-11, SAPO-31, SAPO-34 and SAPO-41), molecular sieves with a: AFI, AEL, ATO, CHA and AFO structure, respectively, were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. Using sources such as hydrated alumina (pseudobohemita), phosphoric acid, silica gel, water, as well as, different types of organic structural templates, such as: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr), di-isopropylamine (DIPA), di-n- propylamine (DNPA) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEOS), for the respective samples. During the preparation of the silicoaluminophosphates, the crystallization process of the samples occurred at a temperature of approximately 200 ° C, ranging through periods of 18-72 h, when it was possible to obtain pure phases for the SAPOs. The materials were furthermore washed with deionized water, dried and calcined to remove the molecules of the templates. Subsequently the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region (FT-IR), specific surface area and thermal analysis via TG/DTG. The acidic properties were determined using adsorption of n-butylamine followed by programmed termodessorption. These methods revealed that the SAPO samples showed a typically weak to moderate acidity. However, a small amount of strong acid sites was also detected. The deactivation of the catalysts was conducted by artificially coking the samples, followed by n-hexane cracking reactions in a fixed bed with a continuous flow micro-reactor coupled on line to a gas chromatograph. The main products obtained were: ethane, propane, isobutene, n-butane, n-pentane and isopentane. The Vyazovkin (model-free) kinetics method was used to determine the catalysts regeneration and removal of the coke

O papel de interações positivas entre plantas na regeneração de áreas degradadas na caatinga

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Escafandristas do tempo: narrativas de vida e regeneração da memória em São Rafael-RN

In the late 1970s, the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte was the setting of Projeto Baixo-Açu whose highlight was the building of the dam Eng. Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, designed to collect 2.4 billion cubic meters of water. Presumably, such an initiative would bring economic and social development for thousands of potiguares who suffered the hardships of drought. However, the dam would reach several cities in the region, reaching to cover one of them: São Rafael. As a result, the early years of the 1980s, nearby, a new town was built by DNOCS. This thesis aims to discuss how the population of São Rafael recalls this fact and reconstructs its history by speaking, writing and computing, after three decades. Based on the prospect moriniana method as a strategy, visits were made to the city of São Rafael and open interviews (individual and collective) with two groups of subjects: one composed of those who lived in their ancient homeland, and another, with young people who were born in the new city. Besides the reports of these subjects, they were observed the visual narratives presented by images, mostly photographic, available on a profile created for the city in the orkut social network. As sources for this study, they were also considered the dialogues between rafaelenses accessing the above profile. Having as a central observation by Edgar Morin about what does not regenerate, degenerates . This study is the central argument that the idea of orkut has performed, today, a dual and interdependent role: being a tool that promotes a collective intelligence through cooperation, exchange of ideas and reconstitution of visual and written narratives. Far from a frozen conception in a historical perspective, it has defended the thesis that orkut has regenerated, repaired, reproduced, restored, reorganized and renewed the memory and history of a city that has succumbed to the immensity of the waters of a dam for almost thirty years

Implante de tubo de silicone com e sem colágeno na regeneração de nervos em eqüinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação clínica da relação entre o índice de placa, índice gengival, alinhamento dental, mucosa ceratinizada, tipo de periodonto e distúrbios oclusais com a ocorrência de recessão gengival

This study clinically evaluated the relationship of gingival recessions with the periodontal index of gingival and plaque, dental alignment, keratinized mocous, type of periodontal, and occlusal disorders. Study participants were individuals aged between 19 and 33 years. The evaluations were performed by using questionnaires and clinical examinations. In subjects examined, the teeth were assessed and divided into groups (Molars, premolars, canines and incisors). The gingival recession were measured in the central region of the teeth and individuals were subject to disclosure to the plate and observing the poll of plaque and gingival index, respectively. 558 teeth were examined, with 24.1%, 135 had gingival recession greater than or equal to 1mm. Through the combination of tests used to evaluate the average of the recession and its relationship with the variables studied, we observed that the degree of recession of the elements assessed dental showed, almost for the most part, when higher values associated with the index plaque (p = 0.101), Gingival Index (p = 0.053), dental alignment (p = 0.962), width of keratinized mocous (p = 0.004) and type of periodontium (p = 0.033), however statistically significant difference could only be considered when related the recessions in the keratinized mocous and the type of the periodontium. Although we identify, when we evaluate the whole set of teeth that occlusal disturbances (p = 0.002) were more strongly associated with cases of gum recession that the gingival index (p = 0.006), however, these two conditions were correlated with the cases of recession, contributing to its occurrence

Comprovação da real comunicação entre o endodonto e o periodonto através do canal cavo inter-radicular e sua prevalência em molares inferiores humanos

The neurovascular system of the pulp and of the periodontium is interconnected and among the possible intercommunications between these two tissues, there is the cavo inter-radicular canal. It is a small canal that goes through any inter-radicular dentine and arises in the furca region of the multi-radicular teeth. Its predominance has been studied in the literature, by several methodologies, with divergent results. The objective of this work was to establish, in vitro, the predominance of the cavo inter-radicular canal, in human lower molars, through the diaphanization technique and dye leakage. For this research, 140 teeth (100 first and second 40 lower molars) were selected, extracted due to different reasons, belonging to a teeth bank of the Endodontics discipline of the Dentistry College at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The teeth were preserved in formol until the moment of use and immersed in physiological solution. Had the endodontic access fulfilled and the whole external surface, except for the furcation, sealed with two layers of nail enamel. The cleaning of the pulpar chamber floor was carried out with sodium hypochlorite solution 5%, being this solution renewed every 5 minutes, during 1 hour. The teeth were immersed in Indian dye and, after drying of the dye, they had their crowns split up in the amelo-cemental junction. Then, they were examined in a stereomicroscope, where marks of the coloring were observed in the furcation and on the pulpar floor. After this recording, the sample was diaphanized and with the transparent teeth, it was possible to observe in the stereomicroscope, the true inter-radicular canals. As a result of this experiment, the presence of these canals was observed in 13 % of the first and 7, 5 % of the second evaluated molars. The study showed that both the presence of the cavo inter-radicular canal is real and the diaphanization and dye leakage is an efficient method for this type of research

Avaliação clínica longitudinal do periodonto de dentes pilares e não pilares de próteses parciais removíveis

The literature has shown a relation between periodontics and the removable partial denture (RPD), with progressive destruction observed in the support structures. The aim of this study was to clinically assess periodontal condition in users of removal partial denture (RPD), and compare right abutments teeth, indirect abutments and controls before installation and after 1 year, in addition to comparing tooth-supported and tooth mucosa-supported abutments. A total of 50 patients, 32 women and 18 men, mean age of 45 years, took part in the study. The patients were examined by a single examiner at prosthesis installation and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The following were verified at each examination: Probe Depth (PD), Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), the amount of Keratinized Mucosa (KM), Gingival Recession (GR) and Dental Mobility (DM); in addition patients received oral hygiene orientation, accompanied by prophylaxis, periodontal scaling and root planing (PSRP), when necessary. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer post test was used to assess the dependent variables (PD, PI, KM, GR) of the three groups over time while Friedman s test was used for GI. To assess the outcomes of prosthesis type in the right abutment group, a confidence interval-based analysis was performed. The results showed that the control group was the least compromised in all the variables studied. With respect to development of the groups over time, it was verified that the measures for GR, PD, GI and KM increased from initial examination to 1 year of use in all the groups, but only PI showed a significant increase. There was a non-discriminatory low prevalence of dental mobility. The tooth mucosa-supported prosthesis had significantly higher values for GR, GI and PI and significantly lower ones for KM when compared to tooth-supported. Over time, both types of prostheses showed no significant differences from initial to final examination for the variables GR, PD, KM and GI, with PI significant only for tooth-supported. The results showed that the teeth most involved in RPD design had greater potential of periodontal damage, probably because of greater dental biofilm accumulation. Abutments elements adjacent to the free extremities had less favorable periodontal condition than those adjacent to interpolated spaces, but the use of RPD did not worsen the initial condition

Estudo da regeneração de aditivos para catalisadores de craqueamento aluminofosfatos (ALPO s)e silicoaluminofosfatos (SAPO s)

Heterogeneous catalysts such as aluminophosphate and silicoaluminophosphate, molecular sieves with AEL of ALPO-11 and SAPO-11, were synthesized by the hydrothermal method with the following molar composition: 2.9 Al +3.2 P + 3.5 DIPA +32.5 H20 (ALPO-11); 2.9 Al +3.2 P + 0.5 Si + 3.5 DIPA +32.5 H20 (SAPO-11) starting from silica (only in the SAPO-11), pseudoboehmite, orthophosphoric acid (85%) and water, in the presence of a di-isopropylamine organic template. The crystallization process occurred when the reactive hydrogel was charged into a vessel and autoclaved at 170ºC for a period of 48 hours under autogeneous pressure. The obtained materials were washed, dried and calcined to remove the molecular sieves of DIPA. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The acidic properties were determined using adsorption of n-butylamine followed by programmed thermodessorption. This method revealed that ALPO-11 has weaker acid sites due to structural defects, while SAPO-11 shows an acidity that ranges from weak to moderate. However, a small quantity of strong acid sites could be detected there. The deactivation of the catalysts was conducted by the cracking of the n-hexane in a fixed bed continuous flow microrreator coupled on line to a gas chromatograph. The main products obtained were: ethane, propane, isobutene, n-butane, n-pentane and isopentane. The Vyazovkin (model-free) kinetics method was used to determine the regeneration and removal of the organic template

Uso de membrana biossintética a base de celulose na regeneração tecidual guiada

Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) is a regenerative treatment modality that requires the placement of a physical barrier over a bone defect in such a way that the proliferation of the surrounding soft tissues into the barrier-protected area is prevented. Thereby in the guided osseous regeneration allowing bone-forming cells from the existent bone edges to invade the space and produce bone. The physical barriers should be biocompatible, allow cellular occlusion, maintain adequate space, tissue integration and facility in the application. They can be occlusive or permeable, absorbable or non-absorbable. Among various types of physical barriers in the market, the cellulose biosynthetic membrane is emphasizing by the necessary characteristics for GTR and to be a national product developed in low cost.

Avaliação histológica da regeneração óssea do rádio e ulna em cães submetidos ao alongamento com o fixador de Ilizarov

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar histologicamente a qualidade, tipo e orientação dos tecidos formados na área de regeneração óssea produzida durante alongamento simultâneo do rádio e da ulna, com fixador externo de Ilizarov, a partir de osteotomia subperiosteal diafisária distal, com dois incrementos diários de 0,5 mm. A montagem foi composta de dois anéis e quatro hastes telescópicas, sendo a distração óssea iniciada no sexto dia de pós-operatório. Utilizaram-se 15 cães, sem raça definida, adultos, com peso corpóreo entre 17 e 30 kg, divididos por sorteio em subgrupos (A, B, C, D e E) compostos por três animais, que foram submetidos a eutanásia após os seguintes procedimentos: A- oito dias de alongamento, B- 15 dias de alongamento, C- 22 dias de alongamento, D- 28 dias de alongamento e oito dias de fase neutra com o fixador, E- 28 dias de alongamento, 60 dias de fase neutra com fixador e 45 dias sem fixador. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o tipo e localização da osteotomia, bem como o ritmo de distração utilizado, não interferiram sobremaneira na regeneração óssea. A reparação óssea foi eficiente, notadamente intramembranosa, contudo nos subgrupos B e C foi observada a presença de cartilagem.

Potencial de inibição da regeneração de raízes e plântulas em sementes germinantes de Eugenia pyriformis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de inibição da formação de raízes e plântulas, em sementes germinantes de uvaieira (Eugenia pyriformis), fragmentadas e fissuradas. As sementes foram separadas por tamanho em dois grupos. Cada grupo foi separado em dois subgrupos, um dos quais foi submetido a teste de germinação. As sementes de cada subgrupo foram submetidas a dois tipos de incisão (total ou parcial) e, em seguida, foram avaliadas quanto à produção de raízes e plântulas. em sementes com incisão parcial, que apresentavam apenas uma plântula desenvolvida, completou-se a incisão até que as metades fossem separadas. A metade com a raiz foi descartada, e sua complementar foi colocada para germinar, para avaliação da produção de raízes e plântulas nessas frações sem raízes. em todos os experimentos, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (tamanho das sementes x germinação visível) e 2x4 (tamanho das sementes x tipo de incisão). As sementes fracionadas de uvaieira apresentam potencial para regeneração de raízes e plântulas, e podem produzir mais de uma muda por semente. A germinação inicia processos de inibição da regeneração de novas raízes e plântulas na semente, e a incisão dos cotilédones pode bloquear essa inibição.