Calculation of metallic and insulating phases of V2O3 by hybrid density functionals.

The electronic structure of vanadium sesquioxide V2O3 in its different phases has been calculated using the screened exchange hybrid density functional. The hybrid functional accurately reproduces the experimental electronic properties of all three phases, the paramagnetic metal (PM) phase, the anti-ferromagnetic insulating phase, and the Cr-doped paramagnetic insulating (PI) phase. We find that a fully relaxed supercell model of the Cr-doped PI phase based on the corundum structure has a monoclinic-like local strain around the substitutional Cr atoms. This is found to drive the PI-PM transition, consistent with a Peierls-Mott transition. The PI phase has a calculated band gap of 0.15 eV, in good agreement with experiment.

First principles interatomic potential for tungsten based on Gaussian process regression

An accurate description of atomic interactions, such as that provided by first principles quantum mechanics, is fundamental to realistic prediction of the properties that govern plasticity, fracture or crack propagation in metals. However, the computational complexity associated with modern schemes explicitly based on quantum mechanics limits their applications to systems of a few hundreds of atoms at most. This thesis investigates the application of the Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) scheme to atomistic modelling of tungsten - a bcc transition metal which exhibits a brittle-to-ductile transition and whose plasticity behaviour is controlled by the properties of $\frac{1}{2} \langle 111 \rangle$ screw dislocations. We apply Gaussian process regression to interpolate the quantum-mechanical (QM) potential energy surface from a set of points in atomic configuration space. Our training data is based on QM information that is computed directly using density functional theory (DFT). To perform the fitting, we represent atomic environments using a set of rotationally, permutationally and reflection invariant parameters which act as the independent variables in our equations of non-parametric, non-linear regression. We develop a protocol for generating GAP models capable of describing lattice defects in metals by building a series of interatomic potentials for tungsten. We then demonstrate that a GAP potential based on a Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP) covariance function provides a description of the $\frac{1}{2} \langle 111 \rangle$ screw dislocation that is in agreement with the DFT model. We use this potential to simulate the mobility of $\frac{1}{2} \langle 111 \rangle$ screw dislocations by computing the Peierls barrier and model dislocation-vacancy interactions to QM accuracy in a system containing more than 100,000 atoms.

Accuracy and transferability of GAP models for tungsten

We introduce interatomic potentials for tungsten in the bcc crystal phase and its defects within the Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) framework, fitted to a database of first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We investigate the performance of a sequence of models based on databases of increasing coverage in configuration space and showcase our strategy of choosing representative small unit cells to train models that predict properties only observable using thousands of atoms. The most comprehensive model is then used to calculate properties of the screw dislocation, including its structure, the Peierls barrier and the energetics of the vacancy-dislocation interaction. All software and raw data are available at www.libatoms.org.

Microscopic Origin of Channeled Flow in Lamellar Titanium Aluminide

We employ a quantum mechanical bond order potential in an atomistic simulation of channeled flow. We show that the original hypothesis that this is achieved by a cooperative deployment of slip and twinning is correct, first because a twin is able to “protect” a 60° ordinary dislocation from becoming sessile, and second because the two processes are found to be activated by Peierls stresses of similar magnitude. In addition we show an explicit demonstration of the lateral growth of a twin, again at a similar level of stress. Thus these simultaneous processes are shown to be capable of channeling deformation into the observed state of plane strain in so-called “A”-oriented mechanical testing of titanium aluminide superalloy.

Compósitos de mulite, reforçada com carboneto de silício

No trabalho efectuado estudou-se a densificação de compósitos de mulite reforçada com carboneto de silício. A tenacidade à fractura dos corpos de mulite pode ser aumentada através da introdução de inclusões densas, contudo estas afectam de forma significativa a densificação da matriz que as rodeia. Dadas as dificuldades encontradas na obtenção de corpos densos de mulite pura e, em particular, da mulite com inclusões densas, através da sinterização sem pressão, recorreu-se à prensagem a quente. A densificação do material monolítico foi estudada para diversas condições de prensagem a quente (1500°C - 1600°C; 15MPa - 25MPa), tendo-se avaliado a influência da temperatura e da pressão. Observou-se que se obtêm corpos de mulite pura (SA-193CR), com densidades próximas da teórica para temperaturas iguais ou superiores a 1550°C, suspeitando-se da presença de vestígios de fase líquida. Tentou-se ainda identificar quais os mecanismos responsáveis pela densificação da mulite durante a prensagem a quente. Os resultados sugerem que o mecanismo de densificação se altera com o aumento da temperatura de 1500°C para 1550°C. Para a temperatura de 1500°C obteve-se, para o expoente da tensão (n), o valor de 1, sugerindo que o mecanismo densificação predominante, a esta temperatura, é a fluência de Coble, a fluência de Nabarro-Herring ou o escorregamento na fronteira de grão. Aumentando a temperatura de 1500°C para 1550°C o valor do expoente da tensão passou de 1 para 3, sugerindo que a a 1550°C o mecanismo que controla a densificação da mulite é o fluxo plástico, a menos que este incremento de n se deva a alterações microestruturais súbitas. Estudou-se a influência das inclusões densas no empacotamento dos compactos em verde. Observou-se que as fibrilas de SiC dificultam o empacotamento originado um compacto com uma menor densidade em verde e poros de tamanho mais elevado do que o material monolítico. No caso dos compósitos de mulite reforçada com partículas ou com plaquetas constatou-se que as densidades dos compósitos em verde são superiores à exibida pela mulite; contudo a densidade da matriz destes compósitos é inferior à apresentada pelo material monolítico. Nos compósitos de mulite reforçada com 22.5% em volume de carboneto de silício estudou-se a influência da temperatura e da pressão no seu comportamento durante a densificação. O efeito da morfologia (partículas, plaquetas e fibrilas) e da quantidade (15%, 22.5% e 30% em volume) e da 2- fase na densificação dos compósitos, foi também um dos pontos abordados no trabalho efectuado. A adição de 15% em volume de partículas ou de fibrilas de SiC não altera de uma forma significativa o comportamento do compacto durante a densificação. Nos compósitos de mulite reforçada com 22.5% em volume de 2a fase, quer a adição de fibrilas quer a adição de partículas de SiC inibe a densificação do compacto. Este efeito é mais acentuado para as menores pressões e temperaturas de prensagem a quente. Para as temperaturas de 1500°C e 1550°C as partículas inibem mais a densificação do compósito do que as fibrilas. Pelo contrário, à temperatura de 1600°C as fibrilas apresentam um efeito inibidor mais acentuado do que as partículas. A adição de 22.5% em volume de plaquetas de SiC não inibe a densificação do compacto. Presume-se que os comportamentos observados têm origem nas impurezas existentes na superfície das inclusões, no empacotamento em verde, na fase líquida proveniente da mulite e num efeito da distância média entre as inclusões. Nos compósitos com 30% em volume de 2ª fase todas as morfologias ensaiadas inibem a densificação do compacto, sendo o maior efeito inibidor provocado pelas fibrilas e o menor pelas plaquetas. Determinou-se a microdureza de Vickers e a tenacidade à fractura da mulite e dos compósitos de mulite reforçada com SiC de modo a tentar avaliar o grau de tencificação conseguido e a influência da quantidade e da morfologia da fase de reforço nestas propriedades mecânicas. A microdureza de Vickers é pouco afectada pela presença da fase de reforço mais dura, independentemente da sua morfologia e da sua quantidade. Os resultados obtidos são muito inferiores aos que seriam previstos pela regra das misturas, pensando-se que este comportamento resulta da localização, junto à interface matriz/inclusões, da porosidade residual das amostras. A adição de inclusões densas de carboneto de silício à mulite promoveu um aumento da tenacidade à fractura, relativamente ao valor apresentado pelo material monolítico. A morfologia que parece ser mais eficaz é a exibida pelas plaquetas, apresentando o compósito de mulite reforçada com 30% em volume de plaquetas um incremento de 54%, relativamente ao material monolítico. A morfologia menos efectiva são as fibrilas. Para todas as morfologias de fase de reforço ensaiadas o aumento do conteúdo promove um incremento da tenacidade à fractura do compósito.

A treatment of atomic mean square displacement in higher order perturbation theory

A general derivation of the anharmonic coefficients for a periodic lattice invoking the special case of the central force interaction is presented. All of the contributions to mean square displacement (MSD) to order 14 perturbation theory are enumerated. A direct correspondance is found between the high temperature limit MSD and high temperature limit free energy contributions up to and including 0(14). This correspondance follows from the detailed derivation of some of the contributions to MSD. Numerical results are obtained for all the MSD contributions to 0(14) using the Lennard-Jones potential for the lattice constants and temperatures for which the Monte Carlo results were calculated by Heiser, Shukla and Cowley. The Peierls approximation is also employed in order to simplify the numerical evaluation of the MSD contributions. The numerical results indicate the convergence of the perturbation expansion up to 75% of the melting temperature of the solid (TM) for the exact calculation; however, a better agreement with the Monte Carlo results is not obtained when the total of all 14 contributions is added to the 12 perturbation theory results. Using Peierls approximation the expansion converges up to 45% of TM• The MSD contributions arising in the Green's function method of Shukla and Hubschle are derived and enumerated up to and including 0(18). The total MSD from these selected contributions is in excellent agreement with their results at all temperatures. Theoretical values of the recoilless fraction for krypton are calculated from the MSD contributions for both the Lennard-Jones and Aziz potentials. The agreement with experimental values is quite good.

3-manifolds in Euclidean space from a contact viewpoint

We study the geometry of 3-manifolds generically embedded in R(n) by means of the analysis of the singularities of the distance-squared and height functions on them. We describe the local structure of the discriminant (associated to the distribution of asymptotic directions), the ridges and the flat ridges.

Evidence of room temperature charge-density wave behavior and glass-like states in pressed pellets of lightly doped poly (3-methyl thiophene)

We show room temperature charge-density wave (CDW) characteristics in d.c. and a.c. electric data in pressed pellets of lightly doped poly(3-methylthiophene). The possibility of a Peierls glass is discussed and metastables states are observed. D.C. and A.C. data also show a state with negative differencial resistance.

THERMAL-HISTORY-DEPENDENT TRANSITION IN PRESSED PELLETS OF CLO4(-)-DOPED POLY(3-METHYLTHIOPHENE)

Electron-spin-resonance and dc conductivity data show a thermal-history-dependent transition at 240 K in pressed pellets of ClO4--doped poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT). We discuss the possibility of this transition to be a Peierls transition from a room-temperature-metallic to a charge-density-wave state driven by anions ordering at this temperature. Below 100 K, dc conductivity shows a change from linear to exponential decay. Nonlinear conductivity has also been observed in this system for very low electric fields.

Metal-insulator transitions in pressed pellets of BF4 - doped poly(3-methylthiophene)

From Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) data in pressed pellets of BF4 - doped Poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) we obtained simultaneously the paramagnetic susceptibility and. the microwave conductivity. We observed a transition from a high-temperature insulator state to a room-temperature metallic state. Around 240K. evidence of a Peierls transition is observed, but if the sample is slowly cooled, this transition is partially suppressed. DC conductivity data taken with the sample quenched to 79 K show a non-linear I-V response for very small electric fields, suggesting depinning of Charge-Density Wave (CDW). The data for heating and cooling the system above room temperature, indicate the formation of bipolarons.

PROJECTIONS OF HYPERSURFACES IN R-4 WITH BOUNDARY TO PLANES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Magnetic Tuning of All-Organic Binary Alloys between Two Stable Radicals

Mixtures of 2-(4,5,6,7-tetrafluorobenzimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (F4BImNN) and 2-(benzi-midazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (BImNN.) crystallize as solid solutions (alloys) across a wide range of binary compositions. (F4BImNN)(x)(BImNN)((1-x)) with x < 0.8 gives orthorhombic unit cells, while x >= 0.9 gives monoclinic unit cells. In all crystalline samples, the dominant intermolecular packing is controlled by one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen-bonded chains that lead to quasi-1D ferromagnetic behavior. Magnetic analysis over 0.4-300 K indicates ordering with strong 1D ferromagnetic exchange along the chains (J/k = 12-22 K). Interchain exchange is estimated to be 33- to 150-fold weaker, based on antiferromagnetic ordered phase formation below Neel temperatures in the 0.4-1.2 K range for the various compositions. The ordering temperatures of the orthorhombic samples increase linearly as (1 - x) increases from 0.25 to 1.00. The variation is attributed to increased interchain distance corresponding to decreased interchain exchange, when more F4BImNN is added into the orthorhombic lattice. The monoclinic samples are not part of the same trend, due to the different interchain arrangement associated with the phase change.

Phase Transition for the Ising Model on the Critical Lorentzian Triangulation

The ferromagnetic Ising model without external field on an infinite Lorentzian triangulation sampled from the uniform distribution is considered. We prove uniqueness of the Gibbs measure in the high temperature region and coexistence of at least two Gibbs measures at low temperature. The proofs are based on the disagreement percolation method and on a variant of the Peierls contour method. The critical temperature is shown to be constant a.s.

Projections of hypersurfaces in 'R POT.4' with boundary to planes

We study orthogonal projections of generic embedded hypersurfaces in 'R POT.4' with boundary to 2-spaces. Therefore, we classify simple map germs from 'R POT.3' to the plane of codimension less than or equal to 4 with the source containing a distinguished plane which is preserved by coordinate changes. We also go into some detail on their geometrical properties in order to recognize the cases of codimension less than or equal to 1.