Especulative (sic) attack on exchange rate target zone regime : the uncertainty case

We present a continuous time target zone model of speculative attacks. Contrary to most of the literature that considers the certainty case, i.e., agents know for sure the Central Bank behavior in the future, we build uncertainty into the madel in two different ways. First, we consider the case in whicb the leveI of reserves at which the central bank lets the regime collapse is uncertain. Alternatively, we ana1ize the case in which, with some probability, the government may cbange its policy reducing the initially positive trend in domestic credito In both cases, contrary to the case of a fixed exchange rate regime, speculators face a cost of launching a tentative attack that may not succeed. Such cost induces a delay and may even prevent its occurrence. At the time of the tentative attack, the exchange rate moves either discretely up, if the attack succeeds, or down, if it fails. The remlts are consistent with the fact that, typically, an attack involves substantial profits and losses for the speculators. In particular, if agents believed that the government will control fiscal imbalances in the future, or alternatively, if they believe the trend in domestic credit to be temporary, the attack is postponed even in the presence of a signal of an imminent collapse. Finally, we aIso show that the timing of a speculative attack increases with the width of the target zone.

Attack on Chestnut-bellied Euphonia nestlings by army ants

I report some observations of a Chestnut-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia pectoralis) nest in a lowland Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil during the early nestling period. During 7.5 hours of observations, the nest was attended 46.3% of the time, 45.6% by the female and 0.7% by the male. Unattended periods lasted 16-38 min. Parents visited the nest most of the time together at 36-59 min intervals. There were 1.06 feeding visits per nestling per hour. The two nestlings in the nest ended up preyed upon by army ants (Labidus praedator, Ecitoninae). The low height of the nest (0.8 m) may have facilitated its detection by the ants.

A fatal attack on a child by a black caiman (Melanosuchus niger)

We describe a fatal attack by a black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) on an 11-year-old child with comments on the reptile's aggression mechanisms and the conditions under which this kind of incident takes place in the Amazon region. © 2011 Wilderness Medical Society.

The German attack on the Hebrew schools in Palestine

by Israel Cohen

The Russian attack on Constantinople in 860.

Includes bibliographical references.

Tsunami response of Barbers Point Harbor, Hawaii /

"Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean."

Stability of rubble-mound breakwater Lahaina Harbor, Hawaii : hydraulic model investigation /

Cover title.

Improvement of rivers and harbors. Letter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting compilation of preliminary examination, survey, and review reports on river and harbor and flood-control improvements, authorized by the River and Harbor Act approved on May 17, 1950

Spine title: Preliminary examination, survey, and review reports on river and harbor and flood-control improvements

A system analysis of the effects of nuclear attack on railroad transportation in the continental United States,

"SRI Project no. IU-3084."

Review of Gurney's attack on Friends of Baltimore, and of their defence. "Republished from T̀he Christian Examiner and General Review', Boston.

Mode of access: Internet.

American naval battles; being a complete history of the battles fought by the Navy of the United States, from its establishment in 1794 to the present time; including the wars with France and Tripoli; the late war with Great Britain, and with Algiers; with an account of the attack on Baltimore, and of the battle of New Orleans ...

Published previously, Boston, 1816, by Barber Badger, under title: The naval temple.

American naval battles : being a complete history of the battles fought by the navy of the United States, from its establishment in 1794 to the present time : including the wars with France and Tripoli : the late war with Great Britain, and with Algiers : with an account of the attack on Baltimore, and of the battle of New Orleans.

Published previously, Boston, 1816, by Barber Badger, under title: The naval temple.