Ancestors of Governmentality: Accounting and Pastoral Power in the 15th Century

Foucault identified the roots of governmentality in religious beliefs and religious history with its genealogical core the equivalent of pastoral power, the art of governing people by relying on a dualistic logic; individualization and totalization. This technology of power arose and matured within the Roman Catholic Church and provided a model for many states in the achievement and exercise of power. Informed by the work of Foucault on pastoral power the present work examines the genealogical core of governmentality in the context of the Roman Catholic Church at a time of great crisis in the 15th century when the Roman Catholic Church was undergoing reform instituted by Pope Eugenius IV (1431-1447). The contributions of accounting to pastoral power are shown in this study to have been pivotal in restoring the Church’s standing and influence. Accounting was one of the technologies that allowed the bishops to control both the diocese as a whole and each priest, to subjugate the priests to the bishops’ authority and, thereby, to govern the diocese through a never-ending extraction of truth.

Response of bat species to sylvo-pastoral abandonment

We assessed the effect of abandonment of sylvo-pastoral practices in chestnut orchards (Castanea sativa) on bats in southern Switzerland to determine practical recommendations for bat conservation. We compared bat species richness and foraging activities between traditionally managed and unmanaged chestnut orchards, testing the hypothesis that managed orchards provide better foraging opportunities and harbour more bat species. Echolocation calls of foraging bats were sampled simultaneously at paired sites of managed and unmanaged orchards using custom made recorders. Vegetation structure and aerial insect availability were sampled at the recording sites and used as explanatory variables in the model. In a paired sampling design, we found twice the number of bat species (12) and five times higher total foraging activity in the managed chestnut orchards compared to the unmanaged ones. Bat species with low flight manoeuvrability were 14 times more common in managed orchards, whereas bats with medium to high manoeuvrability were only 5 times more common than in abandoned orchards. The vegetation structure was less dense in managed orchards. However, management did not affect relative insect abundance. Bats primarily visited the most open orchards, free of undergrowth. As a result of restricted access into the overgrown forests, the abandonment of chestnut orchards leads to a decline in bat species richness and foraging activities. Continued management of chestnut orchards to maintain an open structure is important for the conservation of endangered bat species in the southern Swiss Alps.

Evaluación de los programas de pastoral social de la Iglesia Católica de Monterrey, Nuevo León su contribución al alivio de la pobreza

Tesis (Maestría en Economía Industrial) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Economía.

Carta pastoral del Illmo. Sr. Dr. D. Pedro Espinosa, Obispo de Guadalajara, con motivo de los acontecimientos habidos en esta ciudad en el último sitio.

UANL

Sobre el juramento constitucional : carta de un párroco jaliscience que disipa las dudas de otro sacerdote, con motivo de la pastoral expedida por el Illmo. Sr. Obispo de Guadalajara, en 8 de julio de este año.

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Carta Pastoral del I. y R.S. Obispo de Querétaro, publicando la de los II. y RR. Sres. Arzobispos de la nación, en que insertan el breve pontificio disponiendo la coronación de la maravillosa imagen de Ntra. Sra. de Guadalupe, y reglamentando la colecta que debe hacerse en la Diócesis con este objeto.

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Catecismo pastoral y prontuario moral sagrado de pláticas doctrinales y espirituales sobre todos los puntos de la doctrina christiana, apoyado.

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Pastoral de N. SS. mo Padre Benedicto XIV. , de gloriosa memoria, siendo cardenal arzobispo de la santa iglesia de Bolonia.

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Instrucción pastoral que los Ilmos. Sres. Arzobispos de México, Michoacán y Guadalajara dirigen a su venerable clero y a sus fieles conocasión de la ley orgánica expedida por el soberano Congreso Nacionalen 10 de diciembre del año proximo pasado y y sancionada por el supremo Gobierno en 14 del mismo mes.

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Sexta carta pastoral escrita desde Roma por el ilustrisimo señor Obispo de Puebla de los Ángeles doctor D. Pelagio Antonio de Lavastida y Dávalos a todos sus diocesanos... sobre elstado que guardan los asuntos eclesiásticos en la República Mexicana, se

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Explicación pastoral de la doctrina cristiana : o sea, curso seguido de instrucciones pastorales sobre los fundamentos de la religion, los dogmas de la fe, los preceptos de Dios y de la Iglesia, las vitudes,los pecados, los santos sacramentos la oraci

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