Produção e qualidade de melão rendilhado sob diferentes substratos em cultivo protegido

This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of hybrids of muskmelon on different substrates. Five substrates were evaluated: S(1) = coconut husk fiber, S(2) = sand; S(3) = 1/2 sand and 1/2 crushed of sugarcane, S(4) = 1/2 sand and 1/2 of peanut shell, and S(5) = 1/3 sand, 1/3 of crushed sugarcane and I of peanut shell and four hybrids of muskmelon (Bonus N(o). 2, Louis, Fantasy Jab and 2007 # 16). The plants were cultivated in plastic pots of 13 dm(3), which were filled with these substrates; they were arranged in plants spacing of 1,0 x 0,5 m between plants. The Fertirrigation was done by dripping, using a nutrient solution for the culture. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in a 5 X 4 factorial design with four replications. The characteristics evaluated were: total production, average transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit, fruit shape index; mesocarp thickness; average transverse and longitudinal diameter of the locule; index format locule; mass of fresh fruit; soluble solids, pH; titratable acidity; C vitamin; firmness of flesh; tracery of shell; and maturation index. The optimal substrate for muskmelon cultivation is a combination of 50% sand + 50% peanut shell. The hybrid Fantasy performed better compared to other hybrids.

Potencial fisiológico de sementes de mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) em diferentes procedências

The work had as objective to evaluate the provenances of seeds to verify the efficiency of different tests of vigor for identification of the physiological potential in four lots of seeds of mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.). The study it was developed in the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds and in the Experimental Fishery of Ornamental and Forest Plants - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. Four lots of seeds proceeding from three São Paulo localities had been used: lots I and II, collected in the city of Jaboticabal in 2000 and 2001, respectively, lot III: collected in Saint Rita do Passo Quatro and it crowds IV: collected in Luiz Antonio, both in 2001. The seeds used in all the tests had been escarificadas with sulfuric acid during 50 minutes, and washed in current water during 15 minutes. They had been evaluated: seed moisture, test of germination, test of first counting, index of germination speed, emergency in fishery, index of emergency speed. The seeds moisture of the seeds in the different lots had presented small variations (9,2 10.0%). Statistical differences for the germination percentage, emergency in fishery and index of speed of emergency in the different studied lots had not been verified. The tests of first counting and index of germination speed had revealed adequate for evaluation of the physiological potential of the lots. The seeds of lot III proceeding from the city of Santa Rita do Passo Quatro, had presented superior physiological potential to the too much studied lots.

Condicionamento osmótico de sementes de cubiu

Cubiu is a native Amazon plant that has attracted attention for its nutritional and pharmaceutical industries. The goal this paper was to evaluate the effect of priming on germination and seedling emergence from of three varieties of cubiu seeds: Santa Luzia, Thais and Musquet, using five priming conditions: water for 12 and 24 h, solutions of PEG 6000 and 0.35 Mol KNO3 for 24 and 48 h at 25 degrees C. Unprimed seeds were considered as control. After priming, seeds conditioned or not, were evaluated by means of tests: germination, speed of germination, seedling emergence and speed of emergence. The variety Thais had the best physiological quality, and priming in KNO3 which provided greater effects on germination and seed vigor cubiu.

Composição química e digestibilidade da vagem de algarobeira (prosopis juliflora, (sw) dc) submetida a diferentes tratamentos térmicos

The ground pods of mesquite (GPM) was submitted to different thermal treatments for two hours after wanted temperature stabilization, for making of the treatments: A = ground pods of mesquite without heat treatment (approximately 30 degrees C); B = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 60 degrees C; C = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 80 degrees C; D = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 100 degrees C and E = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 120 degrees C. Soon after, samples were collected for accomplishment for chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility. A completely randomized design with three replications was utilized. The DM, CP, NFE, CF, ADF, celluloses, lignin, ash and CE values, did not were affected (P>0.05) by temperature. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) on the contents of EE, decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) on the CC and increasing linear effect on the NDF (P<0.01) and Hemicellulose (P<0.05) contents. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and the in vitro organic matter digestibility were not affected (P>0.05) by temperature. on the other hand the in vitro protein digestibility level, showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05), decreasing after 54 degrees C.

Crescimento e produtividade de quatro variedades de cana-deaçúcar no quarto ciclo de cultivo

The sugarcane is a widely adapted species to tropical climate and has made key role in economic development in Southeast and Northeast. The ability to adapt in different environments can be evaluated through the growth analysis and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of four sugarcane varieties (RB92579 and SP79-1011, RB931530 and RB93509) in the third ratoon. The experiment was conducted at the CECA/UFAL, Rio Largo (28 degrees 02'09 '' S, 35 degrees 49'43 '' W and 127m). The experimental design was randomized blocks. Was evaluated monthly the number of plants, height, leaf area index and stem diameter. The quality of raw material, dry matter and yield were evaluated at 360 DAC. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared to each other by Tukey test. The results showed that the maximum tillering occurred at 90 DAC for all varieties, and the RB92579 showed greater tillering and greater height at 360 DAC. The variety RB931530 had superior diameter than the others. The RB92579 and RB93509 were higher than the others on the sugar production, dry matter and yield, however, differed ech only on the matter. Varieties RB92579 and RB931530 had similar levels of Brix, PCC and ATR. Since this latter variable responsible for developing the pricing of sugarcane industry.

Manejo químico de espécies de trapoeraba com aplicação isolada e em mistura de diferentes herbicidas

This paper evaluated the effect of different herbicides applied isolated and mixed on two species of dayflower (Commelina benghalensis and Commelina villosa). Both species were grown under pot conditions with a capacity of 14 L. Three stems with 10 cm were planted per pot. The herbicides application was made using a stationary spray system, to provide a spray volume of 200 L ha(-1), with spray tip XR 110.02VS, when the plants were with dimensions of 25-35 cm for C. benghalensis and 30-35 cm for C. villosa. The mixture saflufenacil more effective control of C. benghalensis were saflufenacil + glyphosate (48 + 720 g ha(-1)) and, saflufenacil + (glyphosate + imazethapyr) with and without the addition of ammonium sulfate (24 + 623 g ha(-1)). The combination of carfentrazone + glyphosate (20 + 720 g ha(-1)) were also effective in the C. benghalensis control. The saflufenacil mixture allowed plant control of C. villosa, where saflufenacil + glyphosate (24 + 720 g ha(-1)) with the addition of ammonium sulfate, showed a good visually control of this species. The application of 2,4-D (720 g ha(-1)) and 2,4-D + glyphosate (720 + 720 g ha(-1)) provided the best visual controls of C. benghalensis e C. villosa. All chemical treatment regardless of Commelina species reduced the dry mass of dayflower.

Níveis de adubação para a cultura do milho Safrinha

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect two hybrids of maize, cultivated on "safrinha" conditions, in different rates of 08-28-16 formula. The treatments consisted of two hybrids of maize (DKB747 e CO32) cultivated in no-tillage system (SPD) and five rates of fertilizer 08-28-16 (100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 kg ha(-1)). The randomized block design was used, with subdivided splots and four replications. The maize was sowed on 02/03/2006 using seeder pneumatic of mechanics traction, with four individual lines, spaced of 0.45 m During maize flowering period, morphologic components were evaluated; the harvest occurred on 150 days after the sowing, when the production components were evaluated. The hybrid of maize DKB747 showed greater efficiency, while the hybrid of maize CO32 was more responsive to rates used. NPK rates on 08-28-16 fomula above 300 kg ha(-1) are not necessary to the hybrid CO32 cultivated on "safrinha" conditions, in Botucatu region, state of São Paulo.

APPLICATION of THE HAZARD ANALYSIS and CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEM on THE MUSHROOM PROCESSING LINE FOR FRESH CONSUMPTION

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a preventive system that intends to guarantee the safety and harmlessness of food. It improves the quality of products as it eliminates possible defects during the process, and saves costs by practically eliminating final product inspection. This work describes the typical hazards encountered on the mushroom processing line for fresh consumption. Throughout the process, only the reception stage of mushrooms has been considered a critical control point (CCP). The main hazards at this stage were: the presence of unauthorised phytosanitary products; larger doses of such products than those permitted; the presence of pathogenic bacteria or thermo-stable enterotoxins. Putting into practice such knowledge would provide any industry that processes mushrooms for fresh consumption with a self-control HACCP-based system for its own productions.

Avaliação de espécies forrageiras como plantas de cobertura sobre os componentes de produção do milho cultivado no sistema plantio direto

The Grass, have high relation for C/N and a fascicule root system, is an alternative for use in the system of tillage (SPD) in northeastern Brazil. This work had the objective to assess the effects of three plants and grass cover on the components of production of the corn crop in no-tillage system and accumulation of biomass of their grass. The design was randomized blocks with four replications, with each plot area of 112 m2 (5,6 x 20,0m). The treatments consisted of the corn cultivation, DKB-333-B, about three grass species (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola and Tifton in the system of tillage and a witness, without vegetation. The B. decumbens provided higher income to the corn crop, producing 5708 kg ha-1, didn't differ of the witness. The use of grass as cover plants are a viable alternative to the SPD of the corn crop, adding value by producing two crops (corn and grass), and protect the soil against erosion and produce forage for ruminants during the between-season.

Procedimento para condução do teste de envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de algodão

The evaluation of the effect of seed has been fundamental tool in the program of quality control, and the accelerated aging test, an important part of that process. Some authors report that the germination and vigor are associated with seed size and facing the lack of consensus for the use of this test methodology and the relationship of seed size on the physiological quality, this work aimed to adapt the existing methodology as the temperature and period of conditioning on the performance of two sizes of seed cotton. The seeds were classified into two meshes of sieves, and then subjected to tests of water content, germination and electrical conductivity. The experimental design was completely randomized, analyzed statistically in a factorial threefold. Seeds of different sizes, showed no difference in percentage of germination. Seeds subjected to 40 degrees C for 42h of conditioning showed better percentage of germination.

Tamanho e secagem de sementes de palmeira Jussara sobre a germinação e o vigor

With the objective to determine the influence of the dehydration and of the size and/or weight on germination percentage and the vigor of jussara palm seeds (Euterpe edulis Mart.), 10 individuals' ripe fruits, picked in the Experimental Station of Ubatuba (IAC) they were classified by size in 5 sieves of circular sieve: 26/64" (10,31mm), 28/64" (11,11mm), 30/64" (11,90mm), 32/64" (12,69mm) and 34/64" (13,49mm). It was determined, the medium weight of the classified seeds. The quality of the seeds was evaluated through the following parameters: water content of the seeds; germination and vigor (first germination counting). It was evaluated the drying speed of different seed sizes for 48 hours, in dry chamber. The sizes of 28/64", 30/64" and 32/64" represented 98,7% of the total weight of the harvested seeds and showed similar drying speed, percentage of germination and vigor. With the increase of the drying period, the smaller seeds (28/64") had their germination less affected them the intermediate (30/64") and bigger sized seeds (32/64").

Adubação fosfatada para a cultura do sorgo granífero

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of crescents phosphorus levels in two hybrids of forage sorghum cultivated on "Zona da Mata" region, State of Alagoas. The treatments were two hybrids of forage sorghum: BRS304 e BRS310, and four phosphorus levels: 0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha(-1). The statistical design was the complete randomized block with four replications in a split plot scheme. Each experimental plot was constuited for five row of 4.5 m, spaced of 0.70 m. The soil of experimental area received lime to increase basis saturation to 60%. During the sowing, all experimental area received 100 and 120 kg ha(-1) of N and K, respectively. The plants were collected 40, 50, 60 e 70 days after emergence. The mass collected was separaeted in leaves photosynthetic active and remaining of the plant. When the grains were on the "farinaceo duro" stage, the yield was evaluated in 1.4 m(2) on plots center. The phosphoted fertilization increases linearly the sorghum production until 75 kg ha(-1) level of P. The phosphorus provides better grain participation on total dry matter of sorghum plants.

Desenvolvimento e capacidade de consumo de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) alimentada com ninfas de mosca-branca criadas em hortaliças

Many arthropods are mentioned with whitefly natural enemies, including the green lacewings. The aim of this study is to analyses the development and the capacity of predation of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) fed with Bemisia tabaci B biotype nymphs, rearing different vegetables (kale, broccoli, eggplant end tomato). The duration, viability end weight in each stage end phase of development of the insect-predator had been evaluated, as well as the predatory capacity of the larvae in the third instar. The larval phase of the predator presented minor duration when these had been fed with nymphs developed the broccoli (12.36 days) and minor duration of the tomato (14.36 days) phase when fed with nymphs developed in kale, broccoli, and eggplant (6.50, 7.20, 7.33 days, respectively). The lower indices of viability been found for the larvae fed with nymphs developed in the tomato (30%), and average weights have. The predatory capacity of the larvae during the third instar was not affected, independently on the plant host where the whitefly nymph fed itself.

Desempenho de três variedades de soja na região dos tabuleiros costeiros no estado Alagoas

The objective of this work, the performance of three varieties of soybean on "Tabuleiros Costeiros" State of Alagoas. The installation of the experiment occurred on March 20, 2006, picking up the parcels on 26 August 2006. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with seven repetitions. The experimental plots consisted of ten rows of 4.0 m in length, spaced 0.50 m. In ten plants per plot were marked certain height of the plant in full bloom stage R2 and point of harvest stage R9 considering the distance between the soil surface and apical end of the main stem, the body weight of 100 seeds, grain production and dry weight in (kg ha(-1)) which are calculated from the production harvested per plot. The soybean plants of three varieties showed height below the minimum required for mechanical harvesting. The three varieties yield or more of the traditionally producing. The average of dry matter accumulation obtained show the variety BRS Tracaja as a good option for the production of forage.

Efeito da adubação fosfata sobre o acúmulo de biomassa e teor de brix de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of matter, dry matter content of Brix and two varieties of sugar cane, influenced by the phosphorus cultivated on "Zona da Mata" region, State of Alagoas. The experiment, a factorial 2 x 6, was composed of two varieties of cane; RB867515 and RB92579 and six phosphorus levels: zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha(-1), with the source of the phosphorus triple superphosphate. Was also used nitrogen and potassium in doses equivalent to 100 and 200 kg ha(-1) and K, respectively. The soil of the experimental area was set to raise the base saturation to 60%. At the beginning of the first rainfall of the rainy season of 2006 was performed with micro fertilization in coverage, in doses equivalent to 6,0; 6,0 and 7,0 kg ha(-1) of Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively. Was The chemical control of weeds. Every month, from August to October 2006, samples were collected in the cane plant. There was initially the number of plants m(2), followed by weighing the material. It was subsequently withdrawn a subsample containing ten plants for weighing. After weighing the material was passed in horsemanship and homogenized, again drew up a sample of approximately 300g, leading them to forced ventilation oven at 65 degrees C, toobtain constant weight. Resulting in the production of natural (MN) and dry matter (DM). In July, we analyzed the levels of Brix% juice in the refractometer Brix. The average values of production of natural (MN), dry matter (DM) and contents of Brix% were subjected to analysis of variance and regression for variables. The accumulation of dry matter and were influenced by fertilization. The contents of Brix% in two varieties did not suffer significant influence of fertilization.