Mapping quantitative trait loci for osteochondrosis in fetlock and hock joints and palmar/plantar osseus fragments in fetlock joints of South German Coldblood horses

The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for osteochondrosis (OC) and palmar/plantar osseous fragments (POF) in fetlock joints in a whole-genome scan of 219 South German Coldblood horses. Symptoms of OC and POF were checked by radiography in 117 South German Coldblood horses at a mean age of 17 months. The radiographic examination comprised the fetlock and hock joints of all limbs. The genome scan included 157 polymorphic microsatellite markers. All microsatellite markers were equally spaced over the 31 autosomes and the X chromosome, with an average distance of 17.7 cM and a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 63%. Sixteen chromosomes harbouring putative QTL regions were further investigated by genotyping the animals with 93 additional markers. QTL that had chromosome-wide significance by non-parametric Z-means and LOD scores were found on 10 chromosomes. This included seven QTL for fetlock OC and one QTL on ECA18 associated with hock OC and fetlock OC. Significant QTL for POF in fetlock joints were located on equine chromosomes 1, 4, 8, 12 and 18. This genome scan is an important step towards the identification of genes responsible for OC in horses.

Diffusion of contrast medium after perineural injection of the palmar nerves: an in vivo and in vitro study

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Proximal diffusion of local anaesthetic solution after perineural anaesthesia may lead to the desensitisation of structures other than those intended. However, there is no evidence-based study demonstrating the potential distribution and diffusion of local anaesthetic solution after perineural analgesia in the distal limb. OBJECTIVE: To document the potential diffusion of local anaesthetic solution using a radiopaque contrast model and to evaluate the influence of walking compared with confinement in a stable after injection. METHODS: Radiopaque contrast medium was injected subcutaneously over one palmar nerve at the base of the proximal sesamoid bones in 6 nonlame mature horses. Horses were assigned randomly to stand still or walk after injection. Radiographs were obtained 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after injection and were analysed to determine the distribution and diffusion of the contrast medium. RESULTS: In 89% of injections an elongated pattern of the contrast medium was observed suggesting distribution along the neurovascular bundle. After 49% of injections a fine radiopaque line extended proximally from the contrast 'patch', and in 25% of injections a line extended distally. There was significant proximal and distal diffusion with time when sequential radiographs of each limb were compared. The greatest diffusion occurred in the first 10 min. Walking did not significantly influence the extent of either proximal or distal diffusion. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Significant proximal diffusion occurs in the first 10 min after perineural injection in the distal aspect of the limb and should be considered when interpreting nerve blocks. Distribution of local anaesthetic solution outside the fascia surrounding the neurovascular bundle or in lymphatic vessels may explain delayed or decreased effects.

Short- and long-term efficacy and mechanism of action of tumescent suction curettage for axillary hyperhidrosis

BACKGROUND Axillary hyperhidrosis is a common and distressing problem interfering with the life of affected individuals. Currently, local surgery is the treatment of choice once conservative treatment has failed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tumescent suction curettage (TSC) in treating axillary hyperhidrosis and to correlate it with histological markers. METHODS Thirty patients (17 females and 13 males, average age 29.9 years) underwent TSC. After tumescent anaesthesia, a suction cannula was inserted in the axilla on each side through two tiny incisions and subcutaneous tissue was removed by suction. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and complications, and in a subset of patients performed biopsies before surgery, as well as 1 month and 1 year after the operation. RESULTS In comparison with preoperative values, the sweat rate was diminished by 85% after 1 month, 71% after 6 months, 77% after 12 months and 61% after 24 months. The reduced efficacy with time was histologically correlated with an increase in the innervation, whereas the number of sweat glands continued to diminish. The majority of patients were satisfied with the operation but the satisfaction diminished with time. Patients with the highest preoperative sweat rates were the most satisfied after the intervention. CONCLUSION TSC is an effective and safe treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis. The long-term recurrence may be due to reinnervation.

Quantification of variable palmar ligaments around the triquetrum-hamate joint determined by lunate type

The ligaments of the wrist are highly variable and poorly described, which is more obvious on the ulnar side of the wrist. Previous studies highlighted the potential differences within the ligaments of the wrist but no consensus has been reached. Poor tissue description and inconsistent use of terminology hindered the reproducibility of the results. Improved understanding of the morphological variations between carpal bones may facilitate improved understanding of the ligamentous structure within the wrist. This study aims to identify the potential variations between carpal bones that could be used to separate palmar ligamentous patterns around the triquetrum-hamate joint into subgroups within the sample population. Investigations were performed following a detailed nomenclature and a clear definition of ligamentous structures to facilitate detailed description and reproducible results. Quantitative analyses were conducted using 3D modelling technique. Histological sections were then analysed to identify the structure of each ligamentous attachment. Variable patterns of ligamentous attachments were identified. Differences were not only obvious between samples but also between the right and left hands of the same person. These identifications suggested that the palmar ligamentous patterns around the triquetrum-hamate joint are best described as a spectrum with a higher affinity of the triquetrum-hamate-capitate ligament and the lunate-triquetrum ligament to be associated with type I lunate wrists on one extreme and type II lunate wrists with the palmar triquetrum-hamate ligament, triquetrum-hamate-capitate ligament and palmar radius-lunate-triquetrum ligament attachments at the other extreme. Histological analyses confirmed pervious established work regarding the mechanical role of ligaments in wrist joint biomechanics. Also, there were no significant differences between the quantitative data obtained from the Genelyn-embalmed and unembalmed specimens (p>0.05). The current study demonstrated variable ligamentous patterns that suggest different bone restraints and two different patterns of motion. These findings support previous suggestions regarding separating the midcarpal joint into two distinct functional types. Type I wrists were identified with ligamentous attachments that are suggestive of rotating/translating hamate whilst type II wrists identified with ligamentous attachments that are suggestive of flexing/extending hamate motion based upon the patterns of the ligamentous attachments in relation to the morphological features of the underlying lunate type of the wrist. This opens the horizon for particular consideration and/or modification of surgical procedures, which may enhance the clinical management of wrist dysfunction.

Evaluation of primary epidermal lamellar density in the forefeet of near-term fetal Australian feral and domesticated horses

Objective: To investigate the density of the primary epidermal lamellae (PEL) around the solar circumference of the forefeet of near-term fetal feral and nonferal (ie, domesticated) horses. Sample: Left forefeet from near-term Australian feral (n = 14) and domesticated (4) horse fetuses. Procedures: Near-term feral horse fetuses were obtained from culled mares within 10 minutes of death; fetuses that had died in utero 2 weeks prior to anticipated birth date and were delivered from live Thoroughbred mares were also obtained. Following disarticulation at the carpus, the left forefoot of each fetus was frozen during dissection and data collection. In a standard section of each hoof, the stratum internum PEL density was calculated at the midline center (12 o'clock) and the medial and lateral break-over points (11 and 1 o'clock), toe quarters (10 and 2 o'clock), and quarters (4 and 6 o'clock). Values for matching lateral and medial zones were averaged and expressed as 1 density. Density differences at the 4 locations between the feral and domesticated horse feet were assessed by use of imaging software analysis. Results: In fetal domesticated horse feet, PEL density did not differ among the 4 locations. In fetal feral horse feet, PEL density differed significantly among locations, with a pattern of gradual reduction from the dorsal to the palmar aspect of the foot. The PEL density distribution differed significantly between fetal domesticated and feral horse feet. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results indicated that PEL density distribution differs between fetal feral and domesticated horse feet, suggestive of an adaptation of feral horses to environment challenges.

A phase II study of Caelyx, liposomal doxorubicin : lack of activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer

Purpose A phase II study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Caelyx (liposomal doxorubicin) in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Methods A total of 25 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with Caelyx 45 mg/m2 every 28 days as first-line therapy for advanced disease. Patients were treated until tumour progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results One patient was withdrawn from the study after experiencing a severe infusion reaction. Of the 24 evaluable patients, 1 had a partial response, 7 had stable disease and the others progressed. Side effects, in particular palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia and haematological toxicity, were minor. Conclusions We conclude that while this dose and schedule of Caelyx in this patient group is acceptable, further studies with this regimen cannot be recommended due to the lack of antitumour activity seen.

Studying upper-limb kinematic using inertial sensors embedded in smartphones

Background: In recent years, there have been investigations concerning upper-limbs kinematics by various devices. The latest generation of smartphones often includes inertial sensors with subunits which can detect inertial kinematics. The use of smartphones is presented as a convenient and portable analysis method for studying kinematics in terms of angular mobility and linear acceleration Objective: The aim of this study was to study humerus kinematics through six physical properties that correspond to angular mobility and acceleration in the three axes of space, obtained by a smartphone. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited healthy young adult subjects. Descriptive and anthropometric independent variables related to age, gender, weight, size, and BMI were included. Six physical properties were included corresponding to two dependent variables for each of three special axes: mobility angle (degrees) and lineal acceleration (meters/seconds2), which were obtained thought the inertial measurement sensor embedded in the iPhone4 smartphone equipped with three two elements for the detection of kinematic variables: a gyroscope and an accelerometer. Apple uses an LIS302DL accelerometer in the iPhone4. The application used to obtain kinematic data was xSensor Pro, Crossbow Technology, Inc., available at the Apple AppStore. The iPhone4 has storage capacity of 20MB. The data-sampling rate was set to 32 Hz, and the data for each analytical task was transmitted as email for analysis and postprocessing The iPhone4 was placed in the right half of the body of each subject located in the middle third of the humerus slightly posterior snugly secured by a neoprene fixation belt. Tasks were explained concisely and clearly. The beginning and the end were decided by a verbal order by the researcher. Participants were placed standing, starting from neutral position, performing the following analytical tasks: 180º right shoulder abduction (eight repetitions) and, after a break of about 3 minutes, 180º right shoulder flexion (eight repetitions). Both tasks were performed with the elbow extended, wrist in neutral position and the palmar area of the hand toward the midline at the beginning and end of the movement. Results: A total of 11 subjects (8 men, 3 woman) were measured, whose mean of age was 24.7 years (SD = 4.22 years) and their average BMI was 22.64 Kg/m2 (SD = 2.29 Kg/m2). The mean of angular mobility collected by the smartphone was bigger in pitch axis for flexion (= 157.28°, SD= 12.35°) and abduction (= 151.71°, SD= 9.70°). With regard to acceleration, the highest peak mean value was shown in the Y motion axis during flexion (= 19.5°/s2, SD = 0.8°/s2) and abduction (= 19.4°/s2, SD = 0.8°/s2). Also, descriptive graphics of analytical tasks performed were obtained. Conclusions: This study shows how humerus contributes to upper-limb motion and it identified movement patterns. Therefore, it supports smartphone as a useful device to analyze upper-limb kinematics. Thanks to this study it´s possible to develop a simple application that facilitates the evaluation of the patient.

Long-term results of obstetric brachial plexus surgery

Background: Brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) most often occurs as a result of foetal-maternal disproportion. The C5 and C6 nerve roots of the brachial plexus are most frequently affected. In contrast, roots from the C7 to Th1 that result in total injury together with C5 and C6 injury, are affected in fewer than half of the patients. BPBP was first described by Smellie in 1764. Erb published his classical description of the injury in 1874 and his name became linked with the paralysis that is associated with upper root injury. Since then, early results of brachial plexus surgery have been reasonably well documented. However, from a clinical point of view not all primary results are maintained and there is also a need for later follow-up results. In addition most of the studies that are published emanate from highly specialized clinics and no nation wide epidemiological reports are available. One of the plexus injuries is the avulsion type, in which the nerve root or roots are ruptured at the neural cord. It has been speculated whether this might cause injury to the whole neural system or whether shoulder asymmetry and upper limb inequality results in postural deformities of the spine. Alternatively, avulsion could manifest as other signs and symptoms of the whole musculoskeletal system. In addition, there is no available information covering activities of daily living after obstetric brachial plexus surgery. Patients and methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study on all patients who had undergone brachial plexus surgery with at least 5 years of follow-up. An incidence of 3.05/1000 for BPBP was obtained from the registers for this study period. A total of 1706 BPBP patients needing hospital treatment out of 1 717 057 newborns were registered in Finland between 1971 and 1997 inclusive. Of these BPBP patients, 124 (7.3%) underwent brachial plexus surgery at a mean age of 2.8 months (range: 0.4―13.2 months). Surgery was most often performed by direct neuroraphy after neuroma resection (53%). Depending on the phase of the study, 105 to 112 patients (85-90%) participated in a clinical and radiological follow-up assessment. The mean follow up time exceeded 13 years (range: 5.0―31.5 years). Functional status of the upper extremity was evaluated using Mallet, Gilbert and Raimondi scales. Isometric strength of the upper limb, sensation of the hand and stereognosis were evaluated for both the affected and unaffected sides then the differences and their ratios were calculated and recorded. In addition to the upper extremity, assessment of the spine and lower extremities were performed. Activities of daily living (ADL), participation in normal physical activities, and the use of physiotherapy and occupational therapy were recorded in a questionnaire. Results: The unaffected limb functioned as the dominant hand in all, except four patients. The mean length of the affected upper limb was 6 cm (range: 1-13.5 cm) shorter in 106 (95%) patients. Shoulder function was recorded as a mean Mallet score of 3 (range: 2―4) which was moderate. Both elbow function and hand function were good. The mean Gilbert elbow scale value was 3 (range: -1―5) and the mean Raimondi hand scale was 4 (range:1―5). One-third of the patients experienced pain in the affected limb including all those patients (n=9) who had clavicular non-union resulting from surgery. A total of 61 patients (57%) had an active shoulder external rotation of less than 0° and an active elbow extension deficiency was noted in 82 patients (77%) giving a mean of 26° (range: 5°―80°). In all, expect two patients, shoulder external rotation strength at a mean ratio 35% (range: 0―83%) and in all patients elbow flexion strength at a mean ratio of 41% (range: 0―79%) were impaired compared to the unaffected side. According to radiographs, incongruence of the glenohumeral joint was noted in 15 (16%) patients, whereas incongruence of the radiohumeral joint was found in 20 (21%) patients. Fine sensation was normal for 34/49 (69%) patients with C5-6 injury, for 15/31 (48%) with C5-7 and for only 8/25 (32%) of patients with total injury. Loss of protective sensation or absent sensation was noted in some palmar areas of the hand for 12/105 patients (11%). Normal stereognosis was recorded for 88/105 patients (84%). No significant inequalities in leg length were found and the incidence of structural scoliosis (1.7%) did not differ from that of the reference population. Nearly half of the patients (43%) had asynchronous motion of the upper limbs during gait, which was associated with impaired upper limb function. Data obtained from the completed questionnaires indicated that two thirds (63%) of the patients were satisfied with the functional outcome of the affected hand although one third of all patients needed help with ADL. Only a few patients were unable to participate in physical activities such as: bicycling, cross-country skiing or swimming. However, 71% of the patients reported problems related to the affected upper limb, such as muscle weakness and/or joint stiffness during the aforementioned activities. Incongruity of the radiohumeral joints, extent of the injury, avulsion type injury, age less than three months of age at the time of plexus surgery and inexperience of the surgeon was related to poor results as determined by multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Most of the patients had persistent sequelae, especially of shoulder function. Almost all measurements for the total injury group were poorer compared with those of the C5-6 type injury group. Most of the patients had asymmetry of the shoulder region and a shorter affected upper limb, which is a probable reason for having an abnormal gait. However, BPBP did not have an effect on normal growth of the lower extremities or the spine. Although, participation in physical activities was similar to that of the normal population, two-thirds of the patients reported problems. One-third of the patients needed help with ADL. During the period covered by this study, 7.3% BPBP of patients that needed hospital treatment had a brachial plexus operation, which amounts to fewer than 10 operations per year in Finland. It seems that better results of obstetric plexus surgery and more careful follow-up including opportunities for late reconstructive procedures will be expected, if the treatment is solely concentrated on by a few specialised teams.

Simulating grasping behavior of people using the relational description scheme

This paper presents an enhanced relational description for the prescription of the grasp requirement and evolution of the posture of a digital human hand towards satisfaction of this requirement. Precise relational description needs anatomical segmentation of the hand geometry into palmar, dorsal and lateral patches using the palm-plane and joint locations information, and operational segmentation of the object geometry into pull,push and lateral patches with due consideration to the effect of friction. Relational description identifies appropriate patches for a desired grasp condition. Satisfaction of this requirement occurs in two discrete stages,namely,contact establishment and post-contact force exertion for object capturing. Contact establishment occurs in four potentially overlapping phases,namely,re-orientation,transfer,pre- shaping,and closing-in. The novel h and re-orientation phase,enables the palm to face the object in a task sequence scenario, transfer takes the wrist to the ball park ; pre-shaping and close-in finally achieves the contact. In this paper, an anatomically pertinent closed-form formulation is presented for the closing-in phase for identification of the point of contact on the patches ,prescribed by the relational description. Since mere contact does not ensure grasp and slip phenomenon at the point of contact on application of force is a common occurrence, the effect of slip in presence of friction has been studied for 2D and 3D object grasping endeavours and a computational generation of the slip locus is presented.A general slip locus is found to be a non-linear curve even on planar faces.Two varieties of slip phenomena,namely,stabilizing and non-stabilizing slips, and their local characteristics have been identified.Study of the evolution of this slip characteristic over the slip locus exhibited diverse grasping behaviour possibilities. Thus, the relational description paradigm not only makes the requirement specification easy and meaningful but also enables high fidelity hand object interaction studies possible.

Fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo em idosos clientes de uma operadora de saúde da zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Alguns autores entendem o declínio cognitivo como fator de risco para fragilidade. No entanto, outros estudos apresentam a fragilidade como fator de risco para declínio cognitivo. O presente estudo também entende a relação entre fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo neste sentido. Ainda são poucos os estudos que avaliaram esta associação na literatura internacional e não identificamos nenhum estudo conduzido no Brasil, ou mesmo na América Latina, que a tenha investigado. Este estudo tem como objetivo, investigar a associação entre a síndrome da fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo em idosos, e o efeito da escolaridade e da idade nesta associação. Para isto, analisaram-se dados seccionais da Fase 1 do Estudo da fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (Rede FIBRA - Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros), relativos à clientes de uma operadora particular de saúde, com 65 anos ou mais, residentes na zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A população final de estudo foi de 737 idosos. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado através do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Foram considerados frágeis os indivíduos que apresentaram três ou mais das seguintes características: perda de peso não intencional (mais de 4,5Kg no último ano); sensação de exaustão auto-relatada; baixo nível de força de preensão palmar (sujeitos no primeiro quintil); baixo nível de atividade física (sujeitos no primeiro quintil do Minnesota) e lentificação da marcha (sujeitos no primeiro quintil). Também foram coletadas informações sobre características socioeconômicas e demográficas, apoio social, condições médicas e capacidade funcional. O desempenho cognitivo (MEEM) e a fragilidade foram analisados como variáveis dicotômicas. Avaliou-se o papel da idade e escolaridade como possíveis modificadoras de efeito na associação entre fragilidade e baixo desempenho cognitivo. A avaliação da associação entre fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo foi feita através de regressão logística multivariada. A variável idade se comportou como modificadora de efeito na associação entre fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo, x(5) = 806,97, p<0,0001. O mesmo não ocorreu com a variável escolaridade. Os idosos frágeis apresentaram uma maior prevalência de baixo desempenho cognitivo, quando comparados aos idosos não-frágeis ou pré-frágeis, nos três estratos estudados (65 a 74 anos;75 a 84 anos; >_85 anos), p<0,001. A associação entre fragilidade e baixo desempenho cognitivo foi encontrada somente em idosos com 75 anos ou mais, sendo OR bruto=2,68 (IC 95% 1,29 5,53) para idosos de 75 a 84 anos e OR bruto= 6,39 (IC 95% 1,82 - 22,42) para idosos de 85 anos ou mais. Após ajuste pelas condições de saúde, capacidade funcional e pelas variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, a associação entre fragilidade e baixo desempenho cognitivo se manteve nesses estratos, OR aj=2,78 (IC 95% 1,23 - 6,27) para 75 a 84 anos e OR aj=15,62 (IC 95% 2,20 110,99) para 85 anos ou mais. A síndrome da fragilidade está, portanto, associada ao baixo desempenho cognitivo em idosos. A idade revelou-se como modificadora de efeito nesta associação. Os idosos com idade mais avançada revelaram uma associação mais expressiva entre os dois fenômenos.

Prevalência do medo de quedas em idosos e sua associação com fatores clínicos,funcionais e psicossociais: Estudo FIBRA-RJ

Introdução: Com o expressivo aumento da população idosa, as quedas são eventos comuns e levam a desfechos adversos à saúde. As consequências do medo de quedas podem ser tão incapacitantes como as quedas. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência do medo de quedas em idosos e sua associação com fatores clínicos, funcionais e psicossociais. Métodos: Utilizaram-se os dados do Estudo FIBRA-RJ, que avaliou clientes de uma operadora de saúde, residentes na Zona Norte do município do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção desta amostra foi realizada através de amostragem aleatória inversa, de acordo com estratos de faixa etária e sexo do cadastro oferecido pela operadora. As entrevistas foram realizadas face a face no domicilio. O medo de quedas, variável dependente, foi avaliado através da FES-I-BR. As seguintes variáveis clínicas, funcionais e psicossociais foram avaliadas como variáveis independentes: histórico de quedas, fratura pós-queda, número de comorbidades, número de medicamentos, internação no último ano, uso de dispositivo de auxílio à marcha, dependência funcional nas atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária, dificuldade visual e auditiva, força de preensão palmar, velocidade de marcha, autopercepção de saúde, sintomas depressivos, alteração cognitiva, morar só, apoio social instrumental e nível de atividade. As associações foram avaliadas através de regressão logística. Resultados: Dentre os 742 idosos avaliados, 51,9% apresentaram medo de quedas, sendo esta prevalência maior no sexo feminino e nos mais idosos. Na análise logística multivariada, houve associação com histórico de 1 ou 2 quedas (OR=2,18; IC95%1,42-3,36), 3 ou mais quedas (OR=2,72; IC95% 1,10-6,70), usar 7 ou mais medicamentos (OR=1,70; IC95%1,04-2,80), dificuldade auditiva (OR=1,66; IC95% 1,10-2,49), ter dependência funcional nas atividades de vida diária (AVDs) (OR=1,73; IC95%1,07-2,79), velocidade de marcha diminuída (OR=1,64; IC95%1,04-2,58), autopercepção de saúde regular (OR=1,89; IC95%1,30-2,74) e ruim/muito ruim (OR=4,92; IC95%1,49-16,27) e sintomas depressivos (OR=1,68; IC95%1,07-2,63). Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos mostram a prevalência elevada de medo de quedas. Destaca-se a necessidade de avaliação desta condição nos idosos. Identificar os fatores associados é útil para desenvolver estratégias efetivas de intervenção dos possíveis fatores modificáveis.

Fragilidade em idosos brasileiros: avaliação de sua prevalência pelos critérios propostos pela Escala de Fragilidade do Cardiovascular Health Study em uma população da cidade do Rio de Janeiro

A síndrome de fragilidade pode ser definida como um estado de vulnerabilidade a agentes estressores, um resultado de declínios orgânicos observados em múltiplos sistemas, comprometendo a habilidade do indivíduo em manter a homeostase. O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi avaliar a prevalência desta condição através da Escala de Fragilidade proposta pelo Cardiovascular Health Study em uma população de idosos, clientes de uma operadora de saúde, que vivem na zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, além de observar o comportamento deste instrumento em uma amostra brasileira. 754 indivíduos foram avaliados quanto aos cinco critérios da escala além de variáveis sociodemográficas, capacidade funcional, quedas, perfil cognitivo e comorbidades relatadas. Foram considerados Frágeis aqueles que apresentaram três ou mais dos seguintes critérios: a) lentificação da velocidade da marcha; b) reduzida força de preensão palmar; c) sensação de exaustão; d) baixa atividade física; e) perda de peso. Os resultados apontam que, dentre os avaliados, 9,2% eram Frágeis. Estes eram mais idosos, com pior status socioeconômico, com pior desempenho cognitivo e maior comprometimento funcional (p< 0,05). Entre os 9,2% de Frágeis, 87% apresentaram alteração da velocidade da marcha, 79,7% da força de preensão palmar, 66,8% baixa atividade física, 52,2% relato de sensação de exaustão e 36,2% relato de perda de peso. A distribuição de suas frequências quando comparado ao estudo original foi bastante semelhante. Vários estudos partem do postulado que a fragilidade pode ser identificada através de medidas clínicas. Através de sua identificação precoce, é possível reconhecer uma entidade potencialmente reversível, reduzindo morbidade e mortalidade na população idosa, no entanto é fundamental um estudo acurado sobre como esta entidade será mensurada e quais serão os critérios adotados para defini-la. Maiores estudos são necessários para realizar, no Brasil, uma análise mais aprofundada desta pertinente questão.