Otimização do processo de síntese do aluminato de cobalto via método de polimerização de complexos (MPC) através do planejamento fatorial fracionado

In the ceramics industry are becoming more predominantly inorganic nature pigments. Studies in this area allow you to develop pigments with more advanced properties and qualities to be used in the industrial context. Studies on synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate has been widely researched, cobalt aluminate behavior at different temperatures of calcinations, highlighting especially the temperatures of 700, 800 and 900° C that served as a basis in the development of this study, using the method of polymerization of complex (CPM), economic, and this method applied in ceramic pigment synthesis. The procedure was developed from a fractional factorial design 2 (5-2) in order to optimize the process of realization of the cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4), having as response surfaces the batch analysis data of Uv-vis spectroscopy conducted from the statistic software 7.0, for this were chosen five factors as input variables: citric acid (stoichiometric manner), puff or pyrolysis time (h), temperature (° C), and calcinations (° C/min), at levels determined for this study. By applying statistics in the process of obtaining the CoAl2O4 is possible the study of these factors and which may have greater influence in getting the synthesis. The pigments characterized TG/DSC analyses, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) in order to establish the structural and morphological aspects of pigment CoAl2O4, among the factors studied it were found to statically with increasing calcinations temperature 700°< 800 <900 °C, the bands of Uv-vis decrease with increasing intensity of absorbance and that with increasing time of puff or pyrolysis (h) there is an increase in bands of Uv-vis proportionally, the generated model set for the conditions proposed in this study because the coefficient of determination can explain about 99.9% of the variance (R²), response surfaces generated were satisfactory, so it s possible applicability in the ceramics industry of pigments

Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris

The tanning industries are those which transform animal hide or skin into leather. Due to the complexity of the transformation process, greater quantities of chemicals are being used which results in the generation of effluents with residual solids. The chromium in the residual waters generated by tanning tend to be a serious problem to the environment, therefore the recovery of this metal could result in the reduction of manufacturing costs. This metal is usually found in a trivalent form which can be converted into a hexavalent compound under acidic conditions and in the presence of organic matter. The present study was carried out with the objective to recover chromium through an extraction/re-extraction process using micro emulsions. Micro emulsions are transparent and thermodynamically stable system composed of two immiscible liquids, one forming the continuous phase and the other dispersed into micro bubbles, established by an interfacial membrane formed by surface active and co-surface active molecules. The process of recovering the chromium was carried out in two stages. The first, an extraction process, where the chromium was extracted in the micro emulsion phase and the aqueous phase in excess was separated. In the second stage, a concentrated acid was added to the micro emulsion phase rich in chromium in order to obtain a Winsor II system, where the water that formed in the micro emulsion phase separates into a new micro emulsion phase with a higher concentration of chromium, due to the lowering of the hydrophiles as well as the ionisation of the system. During the experimental procedure, a study was initiated with a synthetic solution of chromium sulphate passing onto the effluent. A Morris extractor was used in the extraction process. Tests were carried out according to the plan and the results were analysed by statistical methods in order to optimise the main parameters that influence the process: the total rate of flow (Q), stirring speed (w) and solvent rate (r). The results, after optimization, demonstrated that the best percentuals in relation to the chromium extraction (99 %) were obtained in the following operational conditions: Q= 2,0 l/h, w= 425 rpm and r= 0,375. The re-extraction was carried out at room temperature (28 °C), 40 °C and 50°C using hydrochloric acid (8 and 10 M) and sulphuric acid (8 M) as re-extracting agents. The results obtained demonstrate that the process was efficient enough in relation to the chromium extraction, reaching to re-extraction percentage higher than 95 %.

Caracterização de água produzida na indústria de petróleo para fins de descarte e otimização do processo de separação óleo/água

The oil industry has several segments that can impact the environment. Among these, produced water which has been highlight in the environmental problem because of the great volume generated and its toxic composition. Those waters are the major source of waste in the oil industry. The composition of the produced water is strongly dependent on the production field. A good example is the wastewater produced on a Petrobras operating unit of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará (UO-RNCE). A single effluent treatment station (ETS) of this unit receives effluent from 48 wells (onshore and offshore), which leads a large fluctuations in the water quality that can become a complicating factor for future treatment processes. The present work aims to realize a diagnosis of a sample of produced water from the OU - RNCE in compliance to certain physical and physico-chemical parameters (chloride concentration, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, TOG (oil & grease), nitrate concentration, turbidity, salinity and temperature). The analysis of the effluent is accomplished by means of a MP TROLL 9500 Multiparameter probe, a TOG/TPH Infracal from Wilks Enterprise Corp. - Model HATR - T (TOG) and a MD-31 condutivimeter of Digimed. Results were analyzed by univariated and multivariated analysis (principal component analysis) associated statistical control charts. The multivariate analysis showed a negative correlation between dissolved oxygen and turbidity (-0.55) and positive correlations between salinity and chloride (1), conductivity, chloride and salinity (0.70). Multivariated analysis showed there are seven principal components which can explain the variability of the parameters. The variables, salinity, conductivity and chloride were the most important variables, with, higher sampling variance. Statistical control charts have helped to establish a general trend between the physical and chemical evaluated parameters

Otimização do processo de flotação de emulsão óleo/água através do planejamento fatorial completo

In recent decades, the generation of solid and liquid waste has increased substantially due to increased industrial activity that is directly linked to economic growth. For that is the most efficient process, it is inevitable generation of such wastes. In the oil industry, a major waste generated in oil exploration is produced water, which due to its complex composition and the large amount generated, has become a challenge, given the restrictions imposed by environmental laws regarding their disposal, making if necessary create alternatives for reuse or treatment in order to reduce the content of contaminants and reduce the harmful effects to the environment. This water can be present in free form or emulsified with the oil, when in the form of an emulsion of oil-water type, it is necessary to use chemicals to promote the separation and flotation is the treatment method which has proved to be more efficient, for it can remove much of the emulsified oil when compared to other methods. In this context, the object of this work was to study the individual effects and interactions of some physicochemical parameters of operations, based on previous work to a flotation cell used in the separation of synthetic emulsion oil / water in order to optimize the efficiency of the separation process through of the 24 full factorial design with center point. The response variables to evaluate the separation efficiency was the percentage of color and turbidity removal. The independent variables were: concentration of de-emulsifying, oil content in water, salinity and pH, these being fixed, minimum and maximum limits. The analysis of variance for the equation of the empirical model, was statistically significant and useful for predictive purposes the separation efficiency of the floater with R2 > 90%. The results showed that the oil content in water and the interaction between the oil content in water and salinity, showed the highest values of the estimated effects among all the factors investigated, having great and positive influence on the separation efficiency. By analyzing the response surface was determined maximum removal efficiency above 90% for both measured for turbidity as a measure of color when in a saline medium (30 g/L), the high oil concentrations (306 ppm) using low concentrations of de-emulsifying (1,1 ppm) and at pH close to neutral

Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels-jambolão: estudo farmacognóstico, otimização do processo extrativo, determinação da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato e avaliação da atividade anti-séptica de um sabonete líquido contendo o referido extrato

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de técnicas do planejamento de experimentos na otimização de um processo de torneamento da superliga NIMONIC 80A

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fatores operacionais e cinética do processo fermentativo para otimização da produção de etanol em escala industrial

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Desenvolvimento de um programa paramétrico para simulação do processo de estampagem utilizando elementos finitos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Otimização do processo de extração do óleo essencial de priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) por arraste com vapor

Analisa-se experimentalmente o processo de extração do óleo essencial de rizomas de priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) por arraste com vapor d’água saturado, em um protótipo em escala de bancada. Por meio de experimentos estatisticamente planejados, estimam-se as condições ótimas o processo de modo a maximizar as variáveis de resposta rendimento em óleo e teor de mustacona, componente majoritário do óleo essencial de priprioca, em função de variáveis operacionais de entrada do processo. As variáveis independentes e respectivos níveis são: carga de rizomas de priprioca, em gramas (64, 200, 400, 600, 736); granulometria dos rizomas, em milímetros (0,61; 1,015; 1,6; 2,19; 2,58) e tempo de extração, em minutos (40, 60, 90, 120, 140). Utilizando um planejamento composto central, com auxílio do aplicativo Statistica® 7.0, são propostos modelos matemáticos para as respostas em função das variáveis independentes isoladas e de suas combinações. Constata-se que o rendimento em óleo essencial e os teores de mustacona podem ser estimados adequadamente por modelos polinomiais de segunda ordem. São obtidos simultaneamente maiores rendimentos em óleo e teores de mustacona, quando a carga de rizomas varia de 105 a 400 gramas para tempos de extração compreendidos entre 105 e 140 minutos.

Otimização do processo de aprendizagem da estrutura gráfica de Redes Bayesianas em BigData

A automação na gestão e análise de dados tem sido um fator crucial para as empresas que necessitam de soluções eficientes em um mundo corporativo cada vez mais competitivo. A explosão do volume de informações, que vem se mantendo crescente nos últimos anos, tem exigido cada vez mais empenho em buscar estratégias para gerenciar e, principalmente, extrair informações estratégicas valiosas a partir do uso de algoritmos de Mineração de Dados, que comumente necessitam realizar buscas exaustivas na base de dados a fim de obter estatísticas que solucionem ou otimizem os parâmetros do modelo de extração do conhecimento utilizado; processo que requer computação intensiva para a execução de cálculos e acesso frequente à base de dados. Dada a eficiência no tratamento de incerteza, Redes Bayesianas têm sido amplamente utilizadas neste processo, entretanto, à medida que o volume de dados (registros e/ou atributos) aumenta, torna-se ainda mais custoso e demorado extrair informações relevantes em uma base de conhecimento. O foco deste trabalho é propor uma nova abordagem para otimização do aprendizado da estrutura da Rede Bayesiana no contexto de BigData, por meio do uso do processo de MapReduce, com vista na melhora do tempo de processamento. Para tanto, foi gerada uma nova metodologia que inclui a criação de uma Base de Dados Intermediária contendo todas as probabilidades necessárias para a realização dos cálculos da estrutura da rede. Por meio das análises apresentadas neste estudo, mostra-se que a combinação da metodologia proposta com o processo de MapReduce é uma boa alternativa para resolver o problema de escalabilidade nas etapas de busca em frequência do algoritmo K2 e, consequentemente, reduzir o tempo de resposta na geração da rede.

Otimização das condições de refrigeração / lubrificação no processo de retificação cilíndrica de mergulho

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Utilização do método de Taguchi na modelagem e otimização de vazios relacionados à solidificação em processo de fundição de aço ABNT 1030

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Otimização do processo de deposição de filmes TiO2:Mn usando RF magnetron sputtering

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Método de otimização do processo de produção da goma xantana

O qual se refere a um processo biológico de produção da goma xantana através da propagação celular das bactérias Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis e/ou Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris e/ou Xanthomonas spp, em cultivos biotecnológicos em condições específicas, bem como etapas de separação e purificação do molécula, sendo que, nessa invenção é utilizado para comprovar a otimização do processo de produção da xantana, parâmetros específicos quantitativo, tais como o rendimento do produto (goma xantana produzida pelo açúcar consumido), aqui simbolizado Yp/s.