Movimentos na escrita inicial de crianças: um estudo longitudinal de hipersegmentações

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Lígua, discurso e prosódia: investigar o uso da vírgula érestrito? Vírgula!

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oralidade e eventos de letramento relacionados à leitura: práticas sociais constitutivas da escrita

This research is the result of a senior research project and longed to verify if the ways of child‘s participation in orality in classroom and the literacy events related to reading would make possible to child construct a discursive relation with the writing. Besides it investigated the conception of 20 teachers from second year from primary school about orality and literacy and also identifies which theory purposes could be discerned in one of these teachers exercise. The methodology used was the qualitative approach, with exploratory- descriptive character, and based in system of references methodological of bibliographic research and collecting of facts research. The corpus of this research constituted in deflagrate element that stimulated the search for methodology answers which could clear the possible essence of set of problems evidenced. The results indicated that the ignorance of some basic conceptions that imbricate in teaching Portuguese language, principally in orality development, reading of writing by some individuals was alarming component parts, since many of them mediate the teachinglearning process of numberless individuals. Considering that orality and literacy play fundamental function in social interactions, this research has the intention to contribute for teacher‘s continuous formation, just as help them in development of students‘ linguistic competences, and elucidate them about the importance of literacy, besides to make public the more recently theoretical subsidies about this subject

Práticas dialógicas em sala de aula: condição fundante do sujeito letrado

This research intend to situate the process of literacy as a practice interlocutive acquisition of written language, through which students interact with each other and the teacher, and through these interactions are constituted as a subject of dialogue and history. So he had as an aim to investigate through the key concepts of dialogism Bakhtin and discourse analysis, the possibilities of teaching and learning of reading and writing, using language in use, showing the dialogical practices in order to demonstrate that the verbal interactions that result from the actual discursive situations, actually originated in the classroom, from working with the genre can guide the teaching of reading and writing and its social use. Therefore, I base this research on the methodological framework of literature and field. This takes place in view of observed teaching practice related to the early years of literacy and, therefore, to investigate such activities are carried out that reading and writing during the teaching of mother tongue, as are utilized practices of orality and literacy in room classroom and, even if the teacher makes use of this type of language for the acquisition of written language. The results of analysis of data collected by the instruments used, namely, questionnaires, systematic observation and textual production of the students, point to the fact that the literacy teaching practices, classroom researched are far from forming a student literate because the fact of the teachers surveyed knew not the key content for teaching the language, means that they will lead to literacy, from the point of view of language as a monologic process.

O estatuto teórico-metodológico do falado e do escrito para a pesquisa em mudança linguística

The objective of this paper is to reflect on the theoretical and methodological status of oral and written data as a source for investigating linguistic change phenomena. The per - spective we adopt here distances itself from a compartmentalized conception of oral and writ - ten texts writing since it is more closely associated with the writers’ relationship with historically and socially established practices of orality and literacy. We conducted an assessment of some of the specialized literature in order to gather arguments to defend the coexistence of written and oral enunciations, understood not as a form of interference, but as a constitutive blend, which, given its hybrid nature, enables the occurrence of the vernacular data, a locus of change also present in written records.

Epos orale russo tra oralità e scrittura: problemi e proposte di traduzione

In the present thesis, I discuss the role of orality in translation, taking into account the problems arising while translating Russian folk epics. I investigate the meaning of orality in the context of folkloristic translation, trying to define a concept of oral poetry, and exploring its consequences for translation. In the first chapter, I try to identify the main differences between written literature and oral modes of expression, with special reference to folklore. Oral verbal art is performed, sung or recited, and based on a vital and dynamic interrelation between kinesics, sound, speech and gestures. According to Muhawi (2006), performance provides an interpretive frame enabling a correct interpretation of the message conveyed beyond the literal meaning. Transposing certain performance elements into print is one of the most controversial problems in folklore studies. However, formulas and formal stylistic devices may be rendered in transcription, building a bridge between oral and written elements. In the translation of oral poetry in transcription, this interconnection between orality and literacy might be emphasized, thus creating a hybrid dimension where oral and literary features coexist. In the second chapter, I introduce and describe the genre of Russian folk epics, transmitted orally, and transcribed between the 19th and 20th centuries, from a historical, linguistic and stylistic point of view. In the third and fourth chapters, I explore the issue of translation of Russian oral poetry. I first analyse existing Italian translations of Russian epics, and then present and discuss my own translation, based on a philological, scholarly approach. Thus, in my translation, which is followed by a rich commentary, I try to focus on the rendering of formulas as one of the most relevant aspects of Russian epics. At the same time, oral devices combine with literary features, thus creating a sort of frozen orality.

Alfabetização no ensino fundamental: novas bases curriculares

Esta dissertação apresenta dados e discussões oriundos de uma experiência coletiva de pesquisa cujo objetivo maior consistiu em articular as bases curriculares da alfabetização no ensino fundamental de nove anos. A partir da transição histórica e política ocorrida pela Lei 11.274/1996, na qual o ensino fundamental passou a ter um ano a mais de duração e a receber as crianças que anteriormente eram atendidas na educação infantil, uma nova configuração se fez necessária. Demonstramos ao longo do trabalho a necessidade de: 1. Um plano que considere as transições (seja entre anos ou entre ciclos) e que sustente as continuidades; 2. Assumir, a partir do ano de ingresso no ensino fundamental, a perspectiva do regime de ciclo, definindo responsabilidades, objetivos e estratégias articuladas a partir de um trabalho em equipe; 3. Aprofundar conhecimentos que permitam considerar os aspectos mais subjetivos da relação educativa, considerando sempre a infância em seu encantamento lúdico; 4. Estabelecer uma relação dinâmica e produtiva entre oralidade e escrita, entre língua e literatura; 5. Dar maior precisão ao manejo da heterogeneidade desde a série de ingresso enfatizando o acompanhamento de singularidades e diferenças como forma de resolver o problema dos desníveis em alfabetização. A perspectiva teórica parte da articulação de várias áreas e temas do conhecimento: a história da escrita; pesquisa sobre oralidade ou cultura oral em tensão com a escrita; a psicanálise e a educação. Pretendemos, a partir das experiências e reflexões apresentadas nesse trabalho, contribuir para as políticas públicas enfatizando a grande relevância do ensino da escrita e da leitura nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. Ao longo dessas experiências, constatamos que, para formar leitores e escritores de bom nível na escola pública brasileira, precisamos de um modelo de trabalho coletivo mais complexo, capaz de exercer um manejo pedagógico detalhado, e ampliamos nossa consciência de que nossas buscas metodológicas, nossas experiências e nossos esforços coletivos em torno da heterogeneidade, apesar de consistentes e relevantes, só poderão ser sustentados a partir de uma reorganização do trabalho escolar que insista em fazer da alfabetização e da leitura uma verdadeira prioridade.

Memorias en voz baja : Transmisión oral intergeneracional: de Os libros arden mal a As voces baixas

Este trabajo analiza la forma en que se desarrolla un traspaso de la experiencia del pasado traumático en dos textos de Manuel Rivas en los que adquiere gran protagonismo el discurso oral. La Guerra Civil española y sus consecuencias son incorporadas a la narrativa de Os libros arden mal y As voces baixas con especial énfasis en las generaciones que no vivieron esos años. Las convergencias entre oralidad y escritura resultan un terreno fértil para considerar la inclusión de voces largamente postergadas debido a silencios impuestos y a la represión de verdades que tardaron en visibilizarse.

Memorias en voz baja : Transmisión oral intergeneracional: de Os libros arden mal a As voces baixas

Este trabajo analiza la forma en que se desarrolla un traspaso de la experiencia del pasado traumático en dos textos de Manuel Rivas en los que adquiere gran protagonismo el discurso oral. La Guerra Civil española y sus consecuencias son incorporadas a la narrativa de Os libros arden mal y As voces baixas con especial énfasis en las generaciones que no vivieron esos años. Las convergencias entre oralidad y escritura resultan un terreno fértil para considerar la inclusión de voces largamente postergadas debido a silencios impuestos y a la represión de verdades que tardaron en visibilizarse.

The importance of scientific literacy in fostering education for sustainability: Theoretical considerations and preliminary findings from a Brazilian experience

Scientific literacy can be considered as a new demand of post-industrial society. It seems necessary in order to foster education for sustainability throughout students` academic careers. Universities striving to teach sustainability are being challenged to integrate a holistic perspective into a traditional undergraduate curriculum, which aims at specialization. This new integrative, inter- and transdisciplinary epistemological approach is necessary to cultivate autonomous citizenship, i.e., that each citizen be prepared to understand and participate in discussions about the complex contemporary issues posed by post-industrial society. This paper presents an epistemological framework to show the role of scientific literacy in fostering education for sustainability. We present a set of 26 collaborative concept maps (CCmaps) in order to illustrate an instance of theory becoming practice. During a required course for first-year undergraduate students (ACH 0011, Natural Sciences), climate change was presented and discussed in broad perspective by using CCmaps. We present students` CCmaps to show how they use concepts from quantitative and literacy disciplines to deal with the challenges posed by the need of achieving a sustainable development. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Project to investigate improving literacy and numeracy outcomes of distance education students in the early years of schooling

The project was commissioned to investigate and analyse the issue of effective support for distance education students in the early years of school to maximise literacy and numeracy outcomes. The scope of this project was limited to students living in rural and remote areas who are undertaking education at home and who are in their early years of schooling. For the purpose of this project, the early years are conceptualised as the first three years of formal compulsory schooling in each of the States and Territories. There were a number of key tasks for the project which included: 1. Examining of the role of home tutors/supervisors This included interviewing personnel from the State and Territory distance education providers as well as the principals, teachers, home tutors and children. 2. Describing literacy and numeracy teaching and learning, and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in distance education This aspect of the project involved a critical review and analysis of relevant literature and reports in the last five years, and a consideration of the new initiatives that had been implemented in the States and Territories in the last two years. 3. The development of resources Through examination of the role of home tutors/supervisors, and an examination of literacy and numeracy and the use of technology in distance education, three resources were developed: ● A guide for home tutors/supervisors and schools of distance education about effective intervention and assessment strategies to support students’ learning and to assist the home tutors/supervisors in implementing ICT to support the development of literacy and numeracy in the early years. ● A calendar of activities for literacy and numeracy that would act as a stimulus for integrated and authentic activity for young children. ● An embryonic website of resources for the stakeholders in rural and distance education that might act as a catalyst for future resource building and sharing. In this way the final key task of the project, which was to create a context for a strategic dissemination plan, was realised when a strategy to address effective dissemination of the findings of the project so as to maximise their usefulness for the relevant groups was achieved.

The relationship between multiple birth children's early phonological skills and later literacy

Previous studies have shown that multiple ; birth children (MBC) are prone to early phonological ;difficulties and later literacy problems. However, to date, ;there has been no systematic long-term follow-up of MBC with phonological difficulties in the preschool years to determine whether these difficulties predict later literacy problems. In this study, 20 MBC whose early speech and language skills had been previously documented were compared to normative data and 20 singleton controls on tasks assessing phonological ; processing and literacy. The major findings indicated that MBC performed significantly more poorly on some tasks :df phonological processing than singleton controls did. Further, the early phonological skills of MBC (i.e., the number of inappropriate phonological processes used) correlated with poor performance on visual rhyme recognition, word repetition, and phoneme detection tasks 5 years later. There was no significant relationship between early biological factors (birth weight and gestation period) and performance on the phonological processing and literacy-related subtests. These results cl-support the hypothesis that MBC's early speech and language difficulties are not merely a transient phase;of; development, but a real disorder, with consequences for later academic achievement.

Quantifying quantitative literacy: Age heaping and the history of human capital

Age data frequently display excess frequencies at round or attractive ages, such as even numbers and multiples of five. This phenomenon of age heaping has been viewed as a problem in previous research, especially in demography and epidemiology. We see it as an opportunity and propose its use as a measure of human capital that can yield comparable estimates across a wide range of historical contexts. A simulation study yields methodological guidelines for measuring and interpreting differences in ageheaping, while analysis of contemporary and historical datasets demonstrates the existence of a robust correlation between age heaping and literacy at both the individual and aggregate level. To illustrate the method, we generate estimates of human capital in Europe over the very long run, which support the hypothesis of a major increase in human capital preceding the industrial revolution.

Literature, literacy and the discourses of English teaching: a case study

This article examines the discourses of English teaching, and their implications for subject and literacy teaching and learning. Case study evidence is presented to illustrate the ways in which competing discourses are enacted in the classroom. We argue the need to critically examine the educational value of teacher discourses, which have an important impact on instructional practices and the quality of pupils' learning.

Literacy Practices in and out of School in Karagwe : The case of primary school literacy education in rural Tanzania

This study has investigated the question of relation between literacy practices in and out of school in rural Tanzania. By using the perspective of linguistic anthropology, literacy practices in five villages in Karagwe district in the northwest of Tanzania have been analysed. The outcome may be used as a basis for educational planning and literacy programs. The analysis has revealed an intimate relation between language, literacy and power. In Karagwe, traditional élites have drawn on literacy to construct and reconstruct their authority, while new élites, such as individual women and some young people have been able to use literacy as one tool to get access to power. The study has also revealed a high level of bilingualism and a high emphasis on education in the area, which prove a potential for future education in the area. At the same time discontinuity in language use, mainly caused by stigmatisation of what is perceived as local and traditional, such as the mother-tongue of the majority of the children, and the high status accrued to all that is perceived as Western, has turned out to constitute a great obstacle for pupils’ learning. The use of ethnographic perspectives has enabled comparisons between interactional patterns in schools and outside school. This has revealed communicative patterns in school that hinder pupils’ learning, while the same patterns in other discourses reinforce learning. By using ethnography, relations between explicit and implicit language ideologies and their impact in educational contexts may be revealed. This knowledge may then be used to make educational plans and literacy programmes more relevant and efficient, not only in poor post-colonial settings such as Tanzania, but also elsewhere, such as in Western settings.