Antixenosis and tolerance to Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in common bean cultivars

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Formulations of Melia azedarach to control diabrotica speciosa (germar) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) larvae in corn and plant enhancement

We evaluated oil and powder formulations of Melia azedarach for controlling larvae of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) in corn and plant enhancement. Five concentrations of each formulation were evaluated and compared to fipronil (negative control) and distilled water (positive control). After treatment, the number of surviving insects (larvae, pupae, and adults), the adult body weight, the sex ratio, and the longevity were recorded, while the height, dry weight of aerial part and roots, and number of leaves of plants were measured. The oil formulation at 4.0 mL reduced the larvae population of D. speciosa similarly to the insecticide fipronil, which resulted in greater height, dry weight of the root system, and number of leaves. Powder formulation at concentrations of 40, 80, and 160 mg caused larval mortality above 80%; however, these concentrations did not prevent reduction of plant height and dry weight of aerial part. Further studies assessing the residual period of M. azedarach control against D. speciosa larvae and its phytotoxicity, which are common traits associated with azadirachtin application, are necessary to subsidize the next steps of this alternative control strategy.

Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) feeding on Erythrina speciosa (Fabales: Fabaceae): first record of its host plant and damage characteristics

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da aplicação exógena de poliaminas no crescimento de calos de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito das poliaminas espermidina e espermina no crescimento de calos Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Calos com 0,5 cm de diâmetro foram inoculados em meio Murashige & Skoog (1962) (MS) a 50% + 100 mg L-1 de caseína hidrolisada + 200 mg L-1 de levedura de cerveja, variando os tratamentos:A: 1 mmol de espermina + 2 mg L-1 de 2,4-D (ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético) + 0,5 mg L-1 de NAA (ácido naftalenoacético); B: 1 mmol de espermidina + 2 mg L-1 de 2,4-D + 0,5 mg L-1 de NAA; C: 2 mg L-1 de 2,4-D + 0,5 mg L-1 de NAA. Não houve influência das poliaminas no crescimento dos calos. observou-se, nos calos tratados com espermidina, maior concentração celular de putrescina (582,37 µg g mf-1) aos 60 dias, maior teor de espermidina (502,54 µg g mf-1) e espermina (868,53 µg g mf-1) aos 40 dias de cultivo, quando se aplicou a própria poliamina. Conclui-se que a aplicação exógena de poliaminas em Hancornia speciosa não proporciona aumento no crescimento de calos. A oxidação promovida por longos períodos de cultivo in vitro induz aumento nos níveis de putrescina.

Prevulcanização do látex natural extraído da hancornia speciosa gomes (Mangabeira) e da hevea brasiliensis (seringueira)

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Desenvolvimento de métodos cromatográficos para a padronização do extrato de Eugenia speciosa Cambess

The use of medicinal plants is common in many Brazil's ethnic groups, because the diversity of plant species in the country is large. But the utilization of these plants as standardized herbal doesn't occur with de same frequency, due the lack of studies related to these therapies, classified as alternatives. Due to the high cost of some synthetic medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases, phytotherapy is a low-cost alternative and efficient, since the phytomedication has proven scientific studies and its production meets strict criteria for manufacturing and quality control to ensure its safety and efficacy. Among the medicinal species used for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as pain and inflammation, is Eugenia speciosa Cambess, popularly known as the bush laranjinha. Against this context, this paper held preliminary studies and developed the chromatographic profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of E. speciosa by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (CLAE-DAD). Preliminary qualitative results and the chromatographic profile have identified some metabolites classes present and some constituent as: homogentisic acid, homorientina, isovitexin and quercetrin

Obtenção e caracterização de nanocelulose a partir de fibras de Chorisia speciosa St. Hil

Natural fibers have been highlighted as a renewable material that can replace materials from oil and its derivatives. In this context, Brazil becomes the perfect setting because of the diversity of fibers found in its territory, such as sugarcane, sisal, rice, cotton, coconut, pineapple, among others. The paineiras (Chorisia speciosa St. Hil) are typically Brazilian trees, which produce paina as fruit. These fruits are still little studied as a source of lignocellulose by research groups. This project aimed obtaining and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from the fibers from the paina fibers. Obtaining nanocellulose is practically made through simplified chemical processes. First, was performed out pre-treatments to removal of waxes, lignin and hemicellulose. The first stage of pre-treatment was carried out by alkaline aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 5wt%, where the fibers were under constant agitation for 1h at 70°C. Through alkali treatment it was possible to remove most of the lignin, hemicellulose, waxes and extractives. After the alkaline treatment was done bleaching with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 4wt% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to 24wt% 1:1 during 2h with constant stirring to 50 °C. Through bleaching was possibe to remove residual lignin, and got cellulose with 72% of crystallinity. Nanocellulose of paina fibers was extracted using different conditions of acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to 50wt%. After acid hydrolysis, the suspensions were centrifuged during 30 min and dialyzed in water to remove excess acid until neutral pH (6-7). Then the suspensions were passed by ultrasonification in an ultrasound 20 kHz during 1h in an ice bath. Untreated, alkalinized and bleached fibers as well as cellulose nanoparticles were characterized by the techniques of thermogravimetry ... (Complete abastract click electronic access below)

Obtenção e caracterização de nanocelulose a partir de fibras de Chorisia speciosa St. Hil

Natural fibers have been highlighted as a renewable material that can replace materials from oil and its derivatives. In this context, Brazil becomes the perfect setting because of the diversity of fibers found in its territory, such as sugarcane, sisal, rice, cotton, coconut, pineapple, among others. The paineiras (Chorisia speciosa St. Hil) are typically Brazilian trees, which produce paina as fruit. These fruits are still little studied as a source of lignocellulose by research groups. This project aimed obtaining and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from the fibers from the paina fibers. Obtaining nanocellulose is practically made through simplified chemical processes. First, was performed out pre-treatments to removal of waxes, lignin and hemicellulose. The first stage of pre-treatment was carried out by alkaline aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 5wt%, where the fibers were under constant agitation for 1h at 70°C. Through alkali treatment it was possible to remove most of the lignin, hemicellulose, waxes and extractives. After the alkaline treatment was done bleaching with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 4wt% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to 24wt% 1:1 during 2h with constant stirring to 50 °C. Through bleaching was possibe to remove residual lignin, and got cellulose with 72% of crystallinity. Nanocellulose of paina fibers was extracted using different conditions of acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to 50wt%. After acid hydrolysis, the suspensions were centrifuged during 30 min and dialyzed in water to remove excess acid until neutral pH (6-7). Then the suspensions were passed by ultrasonification in an ultrasound 20 kHz during 1h in an ice bath. Untreated, alkalinized and bleached fibers as well as cellulose nanoparticles were characterized by the techniques of thermogravimetry ... (Complete abastract click electronic access below)

Mating Behavior of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) is an economically important pest of Neotropical cultures and represents a quarantine risk for Neartic and Paleartic Regions. Despite its agricultural importance, few studies have been done on mating behavior and chemical communication, which has delayed the development of behavioral techniques for population management, such as the use of pheromone traps. In this study, we determined 1) the age at first mating; 2) diel rhythm of matings; 3) number of matings over 7 d; 4) the sequence of D. speciosa activities during premating, mating, and postmating; 5) the duration of each activity; and 6) response to male and female conspecific volatiles in Y-tube olfactometer. The first mating occurred between the third and seventh day after adult emergence and the majority of pairs mated on the fourth day after emergence. Pairs of D. speciosa showed a daily rhythm of mating with greater sexual activity between the end of the photophase and the first half of the scotophase. During the 7 d of observation, most pairs mated only once, although 30% mated two, three, or four times. In a Y-tube olfactometer, males were attracted by virgin females as well as by the volatile compounds emitted by females. Neither males nor their volatiles were attractive to either sex. Our observation provide information about mating behavior of D. speciosa, which will be useful in future research in chemical communication, such as identification of the pheromone and development of management techniques for this species using pheromone traps.

Diversity and genetic structure in natural populations of Hancornia speciosa var. speciosa Gomes in northeastern Brazil

Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit tree native from Brazil that belongs to Apocinaceae family, and is popularly known as Mangabeira. Its fruits are widely consumed raw or processed as fruit jam, juices and ice creams, which have made it a target of intense exploitation. The extractive activities and intense human activity on the environment of natural occurrence of H. speciosa has caused genetic erosion in the species and little is known about the ecology or genetic structure of natural populations. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa var. speciosa. The genetic variability was assessed using 11 allozyme loci with a sample of 164 individuals distributed in six natural populations located in the States of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity within the species (e= 0.36) seeing that the most of the genetic variability of H. speciosa var. speciosa is within its natural populations with low difference among populations ( or = 0.081). The inbreeding values within ( = -0.555) and among populations ( =-0.428) were low showing lacking of endogamy and a surplus of heterozygotes. The estimated gene flow ( m ) was high, ranging from 2.20 to 13.18, indicating to be enough to prevent the effects of genetic drift and genetic differentiation among populations. The multivariate analyses indicated that there is a relationship between genetic and geographical distances, which was confirmed by a spatial pattern analysis using Mantel test (r = 0.3598; p = 0.0920) with 1000 random permutations. The high genetic diversity index in these populations indicates potential for in situ genetic conservation.

Die Nachtblumen oder Oenotheren, insbesondere Oenothera bistorta Nutt. ß. Veichtii

anonym

Oenothera biennis und Oenothera muricata

Von Marzellus Melsheimer

Catalpa speciosa (Warder)

Von v. St. Paul, Corvetten-Capitain z. D. und Hofmarschall weiland Sr. Königlichen Hoheit des Prinzen Adalbert von Preussen

Blüten : Coelogyne speciosa - Eucharis amazonica - Erythrina crista-galli

AR