Conquista de derechos humanos por el pueblo afroboliviano en la Asamblea Constituyente de 2006-2008

Los/as afrobolivianos/as, mediante la movilización política, lograron su reconocimiento constitucional tras 183 años de marginación en la historia oficial de Bolivia. Esta investigación, a partir de entrevistas y diálogos con actores/as sociales, recupera la voz, la acción y los mecanismos que ellos/as emplearon para alcanzar su reconocimiento jurídico en la Asamblea Constituyente que se desarrolló entre 2006 y 2008. Mediante el análisis de documentos y testimonios, el texto privilegia la propia experiencia del pueblo afroboliviano y sus es trategias para ser reconocido con plenos derechos y obtener una valoración positiva de su cultura y experiencia histórica. Finalmente, la autora propone una serie de acciones afirmativas para que los principios y los derechos establecidos en la Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia se materialicen en la vida cotidiana de los/as afrobolivianos/as, y de este modo se promueva y garantice el ejercicio de los derechos humanos y colectivos.

Turbulent flow at 190 m height above London during 2006-2008: A climatology and the applicability of similarity theory

Flow and turbulence above urban terrain is more complex than above rural terrain, due to the different momentum and heat transfer characteristics that are affected by the presence of buildings (e.g. pressure variations around buildings). The applicability of similarity theory (as developed over rural terrain) is tested using observations of flow from a sonic anemometer located at 190.3 m height in London, U.K. using about 6500 h of data. Turbulence statistics—dimensionless wind speed and temperature, standard deviations and correlation coefficients for momentum and heat transfer—were analysed in three ways. First, turbulence statistics were plotted as a function only of a local stability parameter z/Λ (where Λ is the local Obukhov length and z is the height above ground); the σ_i/u_* values (i = u, v, w) for neutral conditions are 2.3, 1.85 and 1.35 respectively, similar to canonical values. Second, analysis of urban mixed-layer formulations during daytime convective conditions over London was undertaken, showing that atmospheric turbulence at high altitude over large cities might not behave dissimilarly from that over rural terrain. Third, correlation coefficients for heat and momentum were analyzed with respect to local stability. The results give confidence in using the framework of local similarity for turbulence measured over London, and perhaps other cities. However, the following caveats for our data are worth noting: (i) the terrain is reasonably flat, (ii) building heights vary little over a large area, and (iii) the sensor height is above the mean roughness sublayer depth.

Calendario de conferencias de la CEPAL propuesto para el período 2006-2008. Nota de la Secretaría

Incluye Bibliografía

Proposed calendar of conferences of ECLAC for the period 2006-2008. Note by the Secretariat

Includes bibliography

Calendrier des conférences de la CEPAL proposé pour la période 2006-2008. Note du Secrétariat

Inclut la bibliographie

Resolución 616(XXXI): Población y desarrollo: actividades prioritarias para el período 2006-2008

Error en símbolo en tapa y contraportada (S/2006/20)

Resolución 619(XXXI): Calendario de conferencias de la CEPAL para el período 2006-2008

Error en símbolo en tapa y contraportada (S/2006/20)

Resolution 616(XXXI): Population and development: priority activities for the period 2006-2008

Includes bibliography

Resolution 619(XXXI): ECLAC calendar of conferences for the period 2006-2008

Includes bibliography

Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance among bacterial enteropathogens isolated from international travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India, 2006--2008

The incidence rates of travelers' diarrhea (TD) have remained unchanged for the last fifty years. More recently, there have been increasing recommendations for self-initiated therapy and even prophylactic therapy for TD. There is no recent data on the in vitro activities of commonly used antibiotics for TD therapy and whether there have been any changes in susceptibilities over the last ten years. 456 enteropathogens were isolated from adult travelers to Mexico, India, and Guatemala between the years 2006 to 2008. MICs were determined for 10 different antimicrobials by the agar dilution method. Traditional antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline continue to show high levels of resistance. Current first line antibiotic agents including fluoroquinolones and azithromycin had significantly higher MICs when compared to 10 years ago and MIC90 levels were beyond the CSLI cutoffs for resistance. There were significant geographical differences in resistance patterns when comparing Central America with India. Entertoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates were more resistant to ciprofloxacin (p=0.023), and levofloxacin (p=0.0078) in India; whereas, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) isolates from Central America showed more resistance. When compared to MICs of isolates 10 years prior, there was a four to ten-fold increase in MIC90s for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and azithromycin for both ETEC and EAEC. There were no significant changes in rifaximin MICs over the last ten years, which makes it a promising agent for TD. Rising MICs over time implicate the need for continuous surveillance of susceptibility patterns worldwide and for geography specific recommendations in TD therapy.^

Use of contraception and contraceptive services among U.S. Hispanic women: 2006--2008

This study investigates the association between race/ethnicity and acculturation variables (language preference and nativity) with use of contraception and contraceptive services among Mexican/Mexican American and “other” Hispanic women aged 15-44 when compared to non- Hispanic white women.^ Data was analyzed from the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth. The sample contained 3357 women aged 15-44. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between race/ethnicity and acculturation variables and contraceptive-related behaviors adjusted for other known covariates. ^ After multivariate analysis, neither nativity nor language preference were significantly associated with contraception use or contraceptive services. Mexican/Mexican American women did not differ in their contraception-related behaviors when compared to non-Hispanic whites. Other Hispanic women, however, were less likely to obtain contraceptive services than non-Hispanic whites (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.45-1.00). Women aged 30-39 and 40-44 were less likely to obtain contraception and contraceptive services than those aged 15-19. Single women were less likely to use contraception (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.56-0.92) and contraceptive services (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.53-0.89) than married/co-habiting women. Women with healthcare coverage were more likely to use contraception and contraceptive services than uninsured women.^ Among Hispanic women of different origin groups, age, marital status, and healthcare coverage were stronger indicators of contraception-related behavior than race/ethnicity, language preference, and nativity. Reproductive health programs that target increased use of contraception and contraceptive services among Hispanic origin groups should specifically target women who are over 30, single, and uninsured.^