Nouveautés dans l'immunothérapie du cancer [New developments in cancer immunotherapy]

Les progrès récents dans l'élucidation des bases cellulaires et moléculaires de la réponse immunitaire permettent désormais le design de thérapies novatrices pour l'immunothérapie des tumeurs. Ces approches récentes se traduisent en des taux de réponse qui surpassent souvent ce qui peut être obtenu par des chimiothérapies conventionnelles ou des thérapies ciblées. Nous présentons ici les principaux développements en cours avec un accent sur l'expérience lausannoise dans le traitement du mélanome. Premièrement, les nouveaux développements dans la vaccination peptidique sont présentés. Deuxièmement, les approches de type transfert adoptif sont illustrées avec une attention particulière pour le conditionnement du patient par lymphodéplétion. Finalement, le projet lausannois d'optimisation rationnelle du récepteur TCR des lymphocytes est décrit. Recent progress unveiling the cellular and molecular basis of the immune response allows nowadays the design of novel therapies for tumor immunotherapy. These recent approaches translate into response rates that often surpass what can be obtained by conventional chemotherapies or targeted therapies. Here we present the main current developments with an accent on the Lausanne experience in the treatment of melanoma. First, the new developments of peptide-based vaccination are presented. Second, approaches related to adoptive transfer are illustrated with a particular attention for the patient conditioning using lymphodepletion. Finally, the Lausanne project of rational lymphocyte TCR optimization is described.

Eczéma chronique des mains: traitements conventionnels et nouveautés [Chronic hand eczema, conventional and new treatments].

Chronic hand eczema is a frequent cause of consultation. In Europe and Switzerland, it's one of the main reasons for patients to interrupt their profession. The etiology is pluri-factorial. Atopic patients are more likely predisposed. Pruritus, associated to pain and bleeding, is intense. Psychosocial consequences are huge, making this illness to an important public health problem. Topical treatment and UV-light are the main therapeutical strategy but the results are often disappointing. Recently, alitretinoine (9-cis retinoic acid) became the treatment of second choice with good response, allowing patients to preserve a good quality of life and their job.

Fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique: nouveautés diagnostiques et thérapeutiques [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances].

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most frequent of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It is a progressive disorderwith a poor prognosis. Its diagnosis requires the careful exclusion of potential causes, and a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia at high-resolution computed tomography or video-assisted surgical lung biopsy. Several recent randomized trials have profoundly modified the therapeutic management of IPF. The combination of prednisone and azathioprine, often prescribed until recently, has been shown to be harmful and is no longer indicated. N-acetylcystein, also used in the past decade, failed to show an efficacy. However, two new antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have for the first time proven effective in slowing disease progression.

Nouveautés dans la prise en charge des fractures vertébrales ostéoporotiques: place de la vertébroplastie et de la kyphoplastie [Trends in the treatment of spinal osteoporic fractures: vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty].

Vertebral osteoporotic fracture (VOF) is a major problem of public health. Surgical treatments such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are interesting adjuvant treatments for the management of osteoporosis. A consensus proposed by the principal contributors of this management is important. Regarding the actual data, we propose a vertebroplasty or a kyphoplasty for all patients suffering of an acute VOF. If a previous kyphosis or an important local kyphosis exists, secondary to the acute VOF or others, we propose a kyphoplasty. If the VOF is older and the conservative treatment is inefficient, we propose a vertebroplasty. In all cases, a specific management and treatment of osteoporosis is proposed.

Thrombose veineuse superficielle: quelles nouveautés dans la prise en charge [Superficial vein thrombosis: what's new in the management?].

Lower limbs superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a relatively frequent disease. Its prevalence among patients consulting their treating physician is estimated to be 10.8% among women and 4.9% among men. Up to 25% of at risk patients with isolated SVT present with a concomitant DVT. Ultrasound imaging may play a role in the management of these patients allowing precise diagnosis, determination of thrombus extension and presence of associated DVT. From data recently appeared in the literature treatment of SVT with prophylactic doses of fondaparinux may be proposed to at risk patients with isolated SVT.

Nouveautés dans l'ostéogenèse imparfaite: de la recherche à la prise en charge multidisciplinaire [News in osteogenesis imperfecta: from research to clinical management]

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disease. Today we are able to propose an adapted and efficient management to the patients with this rare disorder (and their families) thanks to a strong collaboration of clinicians and researchers. Recent knowledge regarding the genetics of OI permits an accurate diagnosis of the specific type of OI and its own molecular mechanism, a genetic counseling for family planning and prenatal diagnosis, and in addition more targeted therapeutic options. A specific support with re-education for patients with OI is necessary and efficient. To optimize patient care, a multidisciplinary consultation is proposed at the CHUV, moreover a web site is available for patients, families and therapists: www.infomaladiesrares.ch

Nouveautés et perspectives dans la prise en charge des cancers colorectaux et gastriques avancés [News and perspectives in the treatment of advanced gastric and colorectal cancers].

Colorectal and gastric cancers are the fourth and third leading causes of cancer death world-wide. Unfortunately, gastric cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage after becoming metastatic in distant sites, so that palliative therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Major progress in the understanding of the biology, the development of valid biomarkers and molecular targeted drugs have improved the treatment options and prognosis of both cancers significantly in the last years. Here, we review the current standards of care for patients with advanced and metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer and outline the perspectives for the future.

Les Nouveautés chimiques pour ... : nouveaux appareils de laboratoire, méthodes nouvelles de recherches appliquées à la science et à l'industrie / par Camille Poulenc

1910.

Les Nouveautés chimiques pour ... : nouveaux appareils de laboratoire, méthodes nouvelles de recherches appliquées à la science et à l'industrie / par Camille Poulenc

1913.

Les Nouveautés chimiques (Paris)

Périodicité : Annuel ; bimestriel