All-optical nonlinear pulse processing based on normal dispersion fiber-enhanced nonlinear optical loop mirror

A novel simple all-optical nonlinear pulse processing technique using loop mirror intensity filtering and nonlinear broadening in normal dispersion fiber is described. The pulse processor offers reamplification and cleaning up of the optical signals and phase margin improvement. The efficiency of the technique is demonstrated by application to 40-Gb/s return-to-zero optical data streams.

All-optical passive 2R regeneration for N×40 Gbit/s WDM transmission using NOLM and novel filtering technique

We propose an all-optical passive 2R regeneration method for WDM (N×40 Gbit/s) dispersion-managed RZ transmission based on specially designed WDM guiding filters and in-line nonlinear optical loop mirrors. By system optimisation, the feasibility of 150 GHz-spaced × l6 channel transmission over 25,000 km of standard fibre is numerically demonstrated.

All-optical passive 2R regeneration for N × 40 Gbit/s WDM transmission using NOLM and novel filtering technique

We propose a passive all-optical 2R regeneration method for WDM (N×40 Gbit/s) dispersion-managed RZ transmission based on specially designed WDM guiding filters and in-line nonlinear optical loop mirrors. By system optimisation, the feasibility of 150 GHz-spaced × 16 channel 25000 km transmission over standard fibre is numerically demonstrated.

Normal dispersion fibre-enhanced nonlinear optical loop mirror for 2R regeneration and phase margin improvement

A novel all-optical regeneration technique using loop-mirror intensity-filtering and nonlinear broadening in normal-dispersion fibre is described. The device offers 2R-regeneration function and phase margin improvement. The technique is applied to 40Gbit/s return-to-zero optical data streams.

New fiber laser architecture with transform-limited nonlinear spectral compression

We numerically demonstrate a new fiber laser architecture supporting spectral compression of negatively chirped pulses in passive normally dispersive fiber. Such a process is beneficial for improving the energy efficiency of the cavity as it prevents narrow spectral filtering from being highly dissipative. The proposed laser design provides an elegant way of generating transform-limited picosecond pulses. © 2012 IEEE.

Normal dispersion fibre-enhanced nonlinear optical loop mirror for 2R regeneration and phase margin improvement

A novel all-optical regeneration technique using loop-mirror intensity-filtering and nonlinear broadening in normal-dispersion fibre is described. The device offers 2R-regeneration function and phase margin improvement. The technique is applied to 40Gbit/s return-to-zero optical data streams.

All-optical nonlinear pulse processing based on normal dispersion fiber-enhanced nonlinear optical loop mirror

A novel simple all-optical nonlinear pulse processing technique using loop mirror intensity filtering and nonlinear broadening in normal dispersion fiber is described. The pulse processor offers reamplification and cleaning up of the optical signals and phase margin improvement. The efficiency of the technique is demonstrated by application to 40-Gb/s return-to-zero optical data streams. © 2004 IEEE.

Design of Raman-based nonlinear loop mirror for all-optical 2R regeneration of differential phase-shift-keying transmission

We present a concept for all-optical regeneration of signals modulated in phase-sensitive modulation formats, which is based on a new design of Raman amplified nonlinear optical loop mirror (RA-NOLM). We demonstrate simultaneous amplitude-shape regeneration and phase-noise reduction in high-speed differential phase-shift-keying transmission systems by use of the RA-NOLM combined with spectral filtering. © 2006 IEEE.

Amplifier similariton fibre laser with nonlinear spectral compression

We propose and numerically demonstrate a new concept of fibre laser architecture supporting self-similar pulse evolution in the amplifier and nonlinear pulse spectral compression in the passive fibre. The latter process is beneficial for improving the power efficiency as it prevents strong spectral filtering from being highly dissipative. © 2012 OSA.

Optimal duty cycle and asymmetric VSB filtering in a wavelength allocated DWDM CS-RZ transmission

Impact of duty cycle on the optimisation of ultra-narrow VSB filtering in wavelength allocated CS-RZ Nx40Gbit/s DWDM transmission is investigated. A feasibility has been confirmed of over 600 km with 0.64 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency.

Mode-locking intracavity dynamics:modeling nonlinear power and energy fluctuations

Modern high-power, pulsed lasers are driven by strong intracavity fluctuations. Critical in driving the intracavity dynamics is the nontrivial phase profiles generated and their periodic modification from either nonlinear mode-coupling, spectral filtering or dispersion management. Understanding the theoretical origins of the intracavity fluctuations helps guide the design, optimization and construction of efficient, high-power and high-energy pulsed laser cavities. Three specific mode-locking component are presented for enhancing laser energy: waveguide arrays, spectral filtering and dispersion management. Each component drives a strong intracavity dynamics that is captured through various modeling and analytic techniques.

Digital nonlinear equalization for optical transmission systems

This thesis focuses on digital equalization of nonlinear fiber impairments for coherent optical transmission systems. Building from well-known physical models of signal propagation in single-mode optical fibers, novel nonlinear equalization techniques are proposed, numerically assessed and experimentally demonstrated. The structure of the proposed algorithms is strongly driven by the optimization of the performance versus complexity tradeoff, envisioning the near-future practical application in commercial real-time transceivers. The work is initially focused on the mitigation of intra-channel nonlinear impairments relying on the concept of digital backpropagation (DBP) associated with Volterra-based filtering. After a comprehensive analysis of the third-order Volterra kernel, a set of critical simplifications are identified, culminating in the development of reduced complexity nonlinear equalization algorithms formulated both in time and frequency domains. The implementation complexity of the proposed techniques is analytically described in terms of computational effort and processing latency, by determining the number of real multiplications per processed sample and the number of serial multiplications, respectively. The equalization performance is numerically and experimentally assessed through bit error rate (BER) measurements. Finally, the problem of inter-channel nonlinear compensation is addressed within the context of 400 Gb/s (400G) superchannels for long-haul and ultra-long-haul transmission. Different superchannel configurations and nonlinear equalization strategies are experimentally assessed, demonstrating that inter-subcarrier nonlinear equalization can provide an enhanced signal reach while requiring only marginal added complexity.

Effect Of Platform Connection And Abutment Material On Stress Distribution In Single Anterior Implant-supported Restorations: A Nonlinear 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Although various abutment connections and materials have recently been introduced, insufficient data exist regarding the effect of stress distribution on their mechanical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different abutment materials and platform connections on stress distribution in single anterior implant-supported restorations with the finite element method. Nine experimental groups were modeled from the combination of 3 platform connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse tapered) and 3 abutment materials (titanium, zirconia, and hybrid) as follows: external hexagon-titanium, external hexagon-zirconia, external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, internal hexagon-zirconia, internal hexagon-hybrid, Morse tapered-titanium, Morse tapered-zirconia, and Morse tapered-hybrid. Finite element models consisted of a 4×13-mm implant, anatomic abutment, and lithium disilicate central incisor crown cemented over the abutment. The 49 N occlusal loading was applied in 6 steps to simulate the incisal guidance. Equivalent von Mises stress (σvM) was used for both the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the implant and abutment in all the groups and the maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses for the numerical comparison of the zirconia parts. The highest abutment σvM occurred in the Morse-tapered groups and the lowest in the external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, and internal hexagon-hybrid groups. The σmax and σmin values were lower in the hybrid groups than in the zirconia groups. The stress distribution concentrated in the abutment-implant interface in all the groups, regardless of the platform connection or abutment material. The platform connection influenced the stress on abutments more than the abutment material. The stress values for implants were similar among different platform connections, but greater stress concentrations were observed in internal connections.

Interaction Between Fiscal And Monetary Policy In A Dynamic Nonlinear Model.

The objective of this study is to verify the dynamics between fiscal policy, measured by public debt, and monetary policy, measured by a reaction function of a central bank. Changes in monetary policies due to deviations from their targets always generate fiscal impacts. We examine two policy reaction functions: the first related to inflation targets and the second related to economic growth targets. We find that the condition for stable equilibrium is more restrictive in the first case than in the second. We then apply our simulation model to Brazil and United Kingdom and find that the equilibrium is unstable in the Brazilian case but stable in the UK case.