Resumen historico de la vida, virtudes y milagros del beato Lorenzo de Brindis General del orden de Capuchinos : sacado en italiano de los procesos presentados a la Sagrada Congregacion de ritos : dividido en tres partes

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Compendio historico-chronologico de la vida virtudes y milagros del Beato Padre Joseph de Calasanz fundador ... de la Religion de Clerigos Regulares Pobres ... de las Escuelas Pìas

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Compendio de la vida, virtudes, y milagros del Beato Padre Francisco Caraciolo, fundador de la sagrada religion de los Clerigos Menores /

Mode of access: Internet.

Galería de españoles célebres contemporáneos : ó Biografías y retratos de todos los personages [sic] distinguidos de nuestros días en las ciencias, en la política, en las armas, en las letras y en las artes /

Las láminas son retratos de los biografiados.

Idèa de bien obrar, escuela de perfeccion, y muestra del poder divino descifrado en la exemplarissima vida, heroycas virtudes, y portentosos milagros del Beato Padre Camilo de Lelis ... fundador de la Religion de Padres Clerigos Reglares ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

La vida del beato Luys Gonzaga de la Compañia de Iesus ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Mechanism of attenuation of angiotensin-II-induced protein degradation by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been shown to attenuate protein degradation in murine myotubes induced by angiotensin II through downregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the mechanism is not known. Angiotensin II is known to upregulate this pathway through a cellular signalling mechanism involving release of arachidonic acid, activation of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), degradation of inhibitor-κB (I-κB) and nuclear migration of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and all of these events were attenuated by IGF-I (13.2 nM). Induction of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been linked to activation of the RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), since an inhibitor of PKR attenuated proteasome expression and activity in response to angiotensin II and prevented the decrease in the myofibrillar protein myosin. Angiotensin II induced phosphorylation of PKR and of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2) on the α-subunit, and this was attenuated by IGF-I, by induction of the expression of protein phosphatase 1, which dephosphorylates PKR. Release of arachidonic acid and activation of PKCα by angiotensin II were attenuated by an inhibitor of PKR and IGF-I, and the effect was reversed by Salubrinal (15 μM), an inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, as was activation of PKCα. In addition myotubes transfected with a dominant-negative PKR (PKRΔ6) showed no release of arachidonate in response to Ang II, and no activation of PKCα. These results suggest that phosphorylation of PKR by angiotensin II was responsible for the activation of the PLA2/PKC pathway leading to activation of NF-κB and that IGF-I attenuates protein degradation due to an inhibitory effect on activation of PKR. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseño de un plan estratégico de mercadotecnia para generar demanda en los productos y servicios que ofrece el mercado municipal de San Nicolás Lempa del municipio de Tecoluca, departamento de San Vicente.

Debido a que los objetivos con que fue ejecutado el proyecto del Mercado Municipal de San Nicolás Lempa no ha sido alcanzado, surge la necesidad de realizar una investigación orientada a identificar los factores que los han limitado. El problema fundamental son las bajas ventas que han obtenido los comerciantes desde su apertura, por lo que el grupo investigador ha diseñado un Plan Estratégico de Mercadotecnia con el cual se genere demanda en los productos y servicios que ofrece el mercado. Para recolectar la información que fue necesaria para el diseño del plan se utilizó el método científico y específicamente el deductivo (que parte de lo general a lo específico), la investigación realizada estuvo encaminada a obtener información objetiva y real de la situación actual. Las técnicas utilizadas para recopilar los datos fueron: La entrevista realizada a la Administradora del mercado y cuestionarios dirigidos a cada uno de los comerciantes que forman parte de la muestra del Mercado Municipal de San Nicolás Lempa. Además, para realizar la investigación de campo, también se hizo uso de cuestionarios dirigidos a los consumidores y a la competencia, así como la observación directa. Una vez recolectados los datos, tabulados y analizados se determinó que el principal factor que limita la afluencia de consumidores en el mercado se debe a la falta de transporte hacia dicho lugar y que no se ofrecen todos los productos que llenen sus expectativas y satisfagan sus necesidades, por lo que los comerciantes poseen incertidumbre, lo que les genera temor a invertir sus recursos en más productos. Por otra parte, el mercado no posee una filosofía enfocada a los consumidores, productos y necesidades que desea satisfacer y que a la vez sirva de lineamientos y orientación para cada una de las personas involucradas en el mismo. En cuanto a la competencia se observa que la ubicación es más estratégica y poseen precios semejantes a los del mercado. Una vez teniendo los resultados que la investigación requiere se procede al diseño del Plan Estratégico de Mercadotecnia en el cual se hace una propuesta de las estrategias que deben realizarse a corto y largo plazo, la mezcla de mercadotecnia, una misión y visión y la estructura organizativa adecuada para que cada una de las personas tenga claro cuáles son sus funciones así como saber a quién acudir en cualquier situación que se presente; finalmente, se hace alusión a la implementación, evaluación y control del plan.

Beato Mariano de Jesús Euse : común y silvestre

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves The Structure And Properties Of Scaffold-free Engineered Auricular Cartilage Constructs.

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create scaffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance of native auricular cartilage, the constructs displayed limited expression and poor localization of elastin. In the present study, the effect of growth factor supplementation (insulin, IGF-1, or TGF-β1) was investigated to stimulate elastogenesis as well as to improve overall tissue formation. Using rabbit auricular chondrocytes, bioreactor-cultivated constructs supplemented with either insulin or IGF-1 displayed increased deposition of cartilaginous ECM, improved mechanical properties, and thicknesses comparable to native auricular cartilage after 4 weeks of growth. Similarly, growth factor supplementation resulted in increased expression and improved localization of elastin, primarily restricted within the cartilaginous region of the tissue construct. Additional studies were conducted to determine whether scaffold-free engineered auricular cartilage constructs could be developed in the 3D shape of the external ear. Isolated auricular chondrocytes were grown in rapid-prototyped tissue culture molds with additional insulin or IGF-1 supplementation during bioreactor cultivation. Using this approach, the developed tissue constructs were flexible and had a 3D shape in very good agreement to the culture mold (average error <400 µm). While scaffold-free, engineered auricular cartilage constructs can be created with both the appropriate tissue structure and 3D shape of the external ear, future studies will be aimed assessing potential changes in construct shape and properties after subcutaneous implantation.

Macrophage Cell Activation With Acute Apical Abscess Contents Determined By Interleukin-1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production.

This clinical study has investigated the antigenic activity of bacterial contents from exudates of acute apical abscesses (AAAs) and their paired root canal contents regarding the stimulation capacity by levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) throughout the root canal treatment against macrophage cells. Paired samples of infected root canals and exudates of AAAs were collected from 10 subjects. Endodontic contents were sampled before (root canal sample [RCS] 1) and after chemomechanical preparation (RCS2) and after 30 days of intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide + chlorhexidine gel (Ca[OH]2 + CHX gel) (RCS3). Polymerase chain reaction (16S rDNA) was used for detection of the target bacteria, whereas limulus amebocyte lysate was used to measure endotoxin levels. Raw 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with AAA exudates from endodontic contents sampled in different moments of root canal treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of TNF-α and IL-1 beta. Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dialister pneumosintes, and Prevotella nigrescens were the most frequently detected species. Higher levels of endotoxins were found in samples from periapical exudates at RCS1 (P < .005). In fact, samples collected from periapical exudates showed a higher stimulation capacity at RCS1 (P < .05). A positive correlation was found between endotoxins from exudates with IL-1 beta (r = 0.97) and TNF-α (r = 0.88) production (P < .01). The significant reduction of endotoxins and bacterial species achieved by chemomechanical procedures (RCS2) resulted in a lower capacity of root canal contents to stimulate the cells compared with that at RCS1 (P < .05). The use of Ca(OH)2 + CHX gel as an intracanal medication (RCS3) improved the removal of endotoxins and bacteria from infected root canals (P < .05) whose contents induced a lower stimulation capacity against macrophages cells at RCS1, RCS2, and RCS3 (P < .05). AAA exudates showed higher levels of endotoxins and showed a greater capacity of macrophage stimulation than the paired root canal samples. Moreover, the use of intracanal medication improved the removal of bacteria and endotoxins from infected root canals, which may have resulted in the reduction of the inflammatory potential of the root canal content.