A class of exact Navier-Stokes solutions for homogeneous flat-plate boundary layers and their linear stability

We introduce a new boundary layer formalism on the basis of which a class of exact solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations is derived. These solutions describe laminar boundary layer flows past a flat plate under the assumption of one homogeneous direction, such as the classical swept Hiemenz boundary layer (SHBL), the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL) and the oblique impingement boundary layer. The linear stability of these new solutions is investigated, uncovering new results for the SHBL and the ASBL. Previously, each of these flows had been described with its own formalism and coordinate system, such that the solutions could not be transformed into each other. Using a new compound formalism, we are able to show that the ASBL is the physical limit of the SHBL with wall suction when the chordwise velocity component vanishes while the homogeneous sweep velocity is maintained. A corresponding non-dimensionalization is proposed, which allows conversion of the new Reynolds number definition to the classical ones. Linear stability analysis for the new class of solutions reveals a compound neutral surface which contains the classical neutral curves of the SHBL and the ASBL. It is shown that the linearly most unstable Görtler–Hämmerlin modes of the SHBL smoothly transform into Tollmien–Schlichting modes as the chordwise velocity vanishes. These results are useful for transition prediction of the attachment-line instability, especially concerning the use of suction to stabilize boundary layers of swept-wing aircraft.

Approximate approximations for the Poisson and the Stokes equations

The method of approximate approximations is based on generating functions representing an approximate partition of the unity, only. In the present paper this method is used for the numerical solution of the Poisson equation and the Stokes system in R^n (n = 2, 3). The corresponding approximate volume potentials will be computed explicitly in these cases, containing a one-dimensional integral, only. Numerical simulations show the efficiency of the method and confirm the expected convergence of essentially second order, depending on the smoothness of the data.

Zur Approximation der Gleichungen von Navier-Stokes

In der vorliegenden Arbeit betrachten wir die Strömung einer zähen, inkompressiblen, instationären Flüssigkeit in einem dreidimensionalen beschränkten Gebiet, deren Verhalten wird mit den instationären Gleichungen von Navier-Stokes beschrieben. Diese Gleichungen gelten für viele wichtige Strömungsprobleme, beispielsweise für Luftströmungen weit unterhalb der Schallgeschwindigkeit, für Wasserströmungen, sowie für flüssige Metalle. Im zweidimensionalen Fall konnten für die Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen bereits weitreichende Existenz-, Eindeutigkeits- und Regularitätsaussagen bewiesen werden. Im allgemeinen dreidimensionalen Fall, falls also die Daten keinen Kleinheitsannahmen unterliegen, hat man bisher lediglich Existenz und Eindeutigkeit zeitlich lokaler starker Lösungen nachgewiesen. Außerdem existieren zeitlich global so genannte schwache Lösungen, deren Regularität für den Nachweis der Eindeutigkeit im dreidimensionalen Fall allerdings nicht ausreicht. Somit bleibt die Lücke zwischen der zeitlich lokalen, eindeutigen starken Lösung und den zeitlich globalen, nicht eindeutigen schwachen Lösungen der Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen im dreidimensionalen Fall weiterhin offen. Das renommierte Clay Mathematics Institute hat dieses Problem zu einem von sieben Millenniumsproblemen erklärt und für seine Lösung eine Million US-Dollar ausgelobt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein neues Approximationsverfahren für die Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen entwickelt, das auf einer Kopplung der Eulerschen und Lagrangeschen Beschreibung zäher Strömungen beruht.

A combined BIE-FE method for the Stokes equations

A numerical algorithm for the biharmonic equation in domains with piecewise smooth boundaries is presented. It is intended for problems describing the Stokes flow in the situations where one has corners or cusps formed by parts of the domain boundary and, due to the nature of the boundary conditions on these parts of the boundary, these regions have a global effect on the shape of the whole domain and hence have to be resolved with sufficient accuracy. The algorithm combines the boundary integral equation method for the main part of the flow domain and the finite-element method which is used to resolve the corner/cusp regions. Two parts of the solution are matched along a numerical ‘internal interface’ or, as a variant, two interfaces, and they are determined simultaneously by inverting a combined matrix in the course of iterations. The algorithm is illustrated by considering the flow configuration of ‘curtain coating’, a flow where a sheet of liquid impinges onto a moving solid substrate, which is particularly sensitive to what happens in the corner region formed, physically, by the free surface and the solid boundary. The ‘moving contact line problem’ is addressed in the framework of an earlier developed interface formation model which treats the dynamic contact angle as part of the solution, as opposed to it being a prescribed function of the contact line speed, as in the so-called ‘slip models’. Keywords: Dynamic contact angle; finite elements; free surface flows; hybrid numerical technique; Stokes equations.

Estimativas do erro nas aproximações de Galerkin para as equações de Navier-Stokes

Neste trabalho são provadas algumas estimativas de erro em espaços para as aproximações de Galerkin para a solução do sistema de equações de Navier-Stokes. Mostra-se que o erro decresce em proporção inversa aos autovalores do operador de Stokes.

Alguns aspectos numéricos e teóricos das equações de Navier-Stokes na modelagem do escoamento em torno de um vórtice

Neste trabalho desenvolvemos uma metodologia numérica para a solução do escoamento em torno de um vórtice. Como a análise completa deste tipo de fluxo não é uma tarefa fácil, simplificações quanto ao escoamento e ao método numérico são necessárias. Também investigamos o comportamento das soluções das equações governantes (Navier-Stokes) quando o tempo tende ao infinito. Nesse sentido, dividimos este trabalho em duas partes: uma numérica e outra analítica. Com o intuito de resolver numericamente o problema, adotamos o método de diferenças finitas baseado na formulação incompressível das equações governantes. O método numérico para integrar essas equações é baseado no esquema de Runge- Kutta com três estágios. Os resultados numéricos são obtidos para cinco planos bidimensionais de um vórtice com números de Reynolds variando entre 1000 e 10000. Na parte analítica estudamos taxas de decaimento das soluções das equações de Navier-Stokes quando os dados iniciais são conhecidos. Também estimamos as taxas de decaimento para algumas derivadas das soluções na norma L2 e comparamos com as taxas correspondentes da solução da equação do calor.

A FEM approach to the equations of magneto-aerodynamics

In this work, a Finite Element Method treatment is outlined for the equations of Magnetoaerodynamics. In order to provide a good basis for numerical treatment of Magneto-aerodynamics, a full version of the complete equations is presented and FEM contribution matrices are deduced, as well as further terms of stabilization for the compressible flow case.

Maximum principle preserving high order schemes for convection-dominated diffusion equations

The maximum principle is an important property of solutions to PDE. Correspondingly, it's of great interest for people to design a high order numerical scheme solving PDE with this property maintained. In this thesis, our particular interest is solving convection-dominated diffusion equation. We first review a nonconventional maximum principle preserving(MPP) high order finite volume(FV) WENO scheme, and then propose a new parametrized MPP high order finite difference(FD) WENO framework, which is generalized from the one solving hyperbolic conservation laws. A formal analysis is presented to show that a third order finite difference scheme with this parametrized MPP flux limiters maintains the third order accuracy without extra CFL constraint when the low order monotone flux is chosen appropriately. Numerical tests in both one and two dimensional cases are performed on the simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in vorticity stream-function formulation and several other problems to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Formulation and analysis of a diffusion-velocity particle model for transport-dispersion equations

The modelling of diffusive terms in particle methods is a delicate matter and several models were proposed in the literature to take such terms into account. The diffusion velocity method (DVM), originally designed for the diffusion of passive scalars, turns diffusive terms into convective ones by expressing them as a divergence involving a so-called diffusion velocity. In this paper, DVM is extended to the diffusion of vectorial quantities in the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, in their incompressible, velocity–vorticity formulation. The integration of a large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model is investigated and a DVM general formulation is proposed. Either with or without LES, a novel expression of the diffusion velocity is derived, which makes it easier to approximate and which highlights the analogy with the original formulation for scalar transport. From this statement, DVM is then analysed in one dimension, both analytically and numerically on test cases to point out its good behaviour.

Wavelets And Adaptive Grids For The Discontinuous Galerkin Method

In this paper, space adaptivity is introduced to control the error in the numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. The reference numerical scheme is a new version of the discontinuous Galerkin method, which uses an implicit diffusive term in the direction of the streamlines, for stability purposes. The decision whether to refine or to unrefine the grid in a certain location is taken according to the magnitude of wavelet coefficients, which are indicators of local smoothness of the numerical solution. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear Euler equations illustrate the efficiency of the method. © Springer 2005.

PARTITIONED ANALYSIS FOR DIMENSIONALLY-HETEROGENEOUS HYDRAULIC NETWORKS

In this work an iterative strategy is developed to tackle the problem of coupling dimensionally-heterogeneous models in the context of fluid mechanics. The procedure proposed here makes use of a reinterpretation of the original problem as a nonlinear interface problem for which classical nonlinear solvers can be applied. Strong coupling of the partitions is achieved while dealing with different codes for each partition, each code in black-box mode. The main application for which this procedure is envisaged arises when modeling hydraulic networks in which complex and simple subsystems are treated using detailed and simplified models, correspondingly. The potentialities and the performance of the strategy are assessed through several examples involving transient flows and complex network configurations.

Verification of a mixed high-order accurate DNS code for laminar turbulent transition by the method of manufactured solutions

This paper presents results on a verification test of a Direct Numerical Simulation code of mixed high-order of accuracy using the method of manufactured solutions (MMS). This test is based on the formulation of an analytical solution for the Navier-Stokes equations modified by the addition of a source term. The present numerical code was aimed at simulating the temporal evolution of instability waves in a plane Poiseuille flow. The governing equations were solved in a vorticity-velocity formulation for a two-dimensional incompressible flow. The code employed two different numerical schemes. One used mixed high-order compact and non-compact finite-differences from fourth-order to sixth-order of accuracy. The other scheme used spectral methods instead of finite-difference methods for the streamwise direction, which was periodic. In the present test, particular attention was paid to the boundary conditions of the physical problem of interest. Indeed, the verification procedure using MMS can be more demanding than the often used comparison with Linear Stability Theory. That is particularly because in the latter test no attention is paid to the nonlinear terms. For the present verification test, it was possible to manufacture an analytical solution that reproduced some aspects of an instability wave in a nonlinear stage. Although the results of the verification by MMS for this mixed-order numerical scheme had to be interpreted with care, the test was very useful as it gave confidence that the code was free of programming errors. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.