Bioavailability of plant pigment phytochemicals in Angelica keiskei in older adults: A pilot absorption kinetic study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Angelica keiskei is a green leafy vegetable rich in plant pigment phytochemicals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. This study examined bioavailability of flavonoids and carotenoids in Angelica keiskei and the alteration of the antioxidant performance in vivo.SUBJECTS AND MATERIALS: Absorption kinetics of phytochemicals in Angelica keiskei were determined in healthy older adults (>60 y, n = 5) and subjects with metabolic syndrome (n = 5). Subjects consumed 5 g dry Angelica keiskei powder encapsulated in gelatin capsules with a low flavonoid and carotenoid liquid meal. Plasma samples were collected at baseline, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h. Samples were analyzed for flavonoids and carotenoids using HPLC systems with electrochemical and UV detection, respectively, and for total antioxidant performance by fluorometry.RESULTS: After ingestion of Angelica keiskei increases in plasma quercetin concentrations were observed at 1-3 and 6-8 hr in the healthy group and at all time points in the metabolic syndrome group compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Plasma lutein concentrations were significantly elevated in both the healthy and metabolic syndrome groups at 8 hr (P < 0.05). Significant increases in total antioxidant performance were also observed in both the healthy and the metabolic syndrome groups compared to baseline (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study clearly demonstrate the bioavailability of phytonutrients of Angelica keiskei and their ability to increase antioxidant status in humans.

Fipronil e produtos de degradação: adaptação de método analítico e caracterização de amostras de água, solo e sedimento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Genetic variability in open pollinated progenies of Jatropha curcas

The objective of the present work was to estimate the genetic parameters of morphological traits, such as plant growth, fruit and seed production; and oil content and also to provide a source of superior genetic material for the breeding program of Jatropha curcas. For that, a J. curcas open pollination progeny test was set up in Sao Manuel Experimental Station, of College of Agricultural Sciences (FCA) of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP). The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks with 30 progenies, three replications, and eight plants per linear plot. We evaluated plants height (ALT), number of branches per plant (NRP), number of inflorescences per plant (NINE), number of fruits per plant (NF), weight of fruits (PE), weight of seeds (PS) and oil content % (TO). The software SELEGEN was the used to estimate the genetic parameters. The individual genetic variation coefficients (CVg) and progeny genetic variation coefficients (CVgp) at 24 months were 26.7% and 13.4% for height and 21.2% and 10.6% for number of branches. At 48 months the heritability coefficients among the progeny averages (h(mp)(2)) were 0.41 (ALT); 0.31 (NRP); 0.77 (NINF), and 0.44 (NF). The coefficient of heritability for individual plant level of oil content (TO %) was very low (h(a)(2) = 0.03), therefore, for the heritability of progeny means was higher than the individual level (h(mp)(2) = 0.37). Among progenies, some of them were superior for both, and seed production and oil content. We conclude that the present J. curcas population has enough genetic variability allowing obtaining gains through advanced generations.

Editando vidas: focos do DSM na medicalização social

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

VEGF-A stimulates ADAM17-dependent shedding of VEGFR2 and crosstalk between VEGFR2 and ERK signaling

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and the VEGF receptors are critical for regulating angiogenesis during development and homeostasis and in pathological conditions, such as cancer and proliferative retinopathies. Most effects of VEGF-A are mediated by the VEGFR2 and its coreceptor, neuropilin (NRP)-1. Here, we show that VEGFR2 is shed from cells by the metalloprotease disintegrin ADAM17, whereas NRP-1 is released by ADAM10. VEGF-A enhances VEGFR2 shedding by ADAM17 but not shedding of NRP-1 by ADAM10. VEGF-A activates ADAM17 via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, thereby also triggering shedding of other ADAM17 substrates, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor alpha, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, and Tie-2. Interestingly, an ADAM17-selective inhibitor shortens the duration of VEGF-A-stimulated ERK phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, providing evidence for an ADAM17-dependent crosstalk between the VEGFR2 and ERK signaling. Targeting the sheddases of VEGFR2 or NRP-1 might offer new opportunities to modulate VEGF-A signaling, an already-established target for treatment of pathological neovascularization.

Research on Alpine Landscape Development: From Research to Policy

Swiss National Research Programs (NRPs) are usually geared to addressing issues of major societal concern. In so doing these programs produce different kinds of knowledge: analytical knowledge necessary for revealing the driving forces, conflicting interests and institutional settings that govern the processes under scrutiny; target knowledge oriented towards revealing the directions in which the processes should be guided; and action knowledge that informs about the means by which this can best be achieved. Analytical knowledge answers the questions “what is the problem?” and “what causes it?” while target knowledge helps to define “what is our vision for the future?” and action knowledge deals with “how can we solve the problem?” Production of these 3 different types of knowledge is usually linked in an iterative process in the course of the research supported in an NRP.

Sedimentology, biogeochemistry stable isotopes, pollen, plant macrofossils, and diatoms from two sediments cores from the northern Yukon permafrost peatlands (Canada)

Ice-wedge polygon (IWP) mires in the Arctic and Subarctic are extremely vulnerable to climatic and environmental change. We present the results of a multidisciplinary paleoenvironmental study on IWPs in the northern Yukon, Canada. High-resolution laboratory analyses were carried out on a permafrost core and the overlying seasonally thawed (active) layer, from a low-centered IWP located in a drained lake basin on Herschel Island. In relation to 14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates spanning the last 5000 years, we report sedimentary data including grain size distribution and biogeochemical parameters (organic carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio, d13C), stable water isotopes (d18O, dD), as well as fossil pollen, plant macrofossil and diatom assemblages. Three sediment units (SUs) correspond to the main stages of deposition (1) in a thermokarst lake (SU1: 4950 to 3950 cal yrs BP), (2) during transition from lacustrine to palustrine conditions after lake drainage (SU2: 3950 to 3120 cal yrs BP), and (3) in palustrine conditions in the IWP field that developed after drainage (SU3: 3120 cal yrs BP to AD 2012). The lacustrine phase (pre 3950 cal yrs BP) is characterized by planktonic-benthic and pioneer diatoms species indicating circumneutral waters, and very few plant macrofossils. The pollen record has captured a regional signal of relatively stable vegetation composition and climate for the lacustrine stage of the record until 3950 cal yrs BP. Palustrine conditions with benthic and acidophilic species characterize the peaty shallow-water environments of the low-centered IWP. The transition from lacustrine to palustrine conditions was accompanied by acidification and rapid revegetation of the lake bottom within about 100 years. Since the palustrine phase we consider the pollen record as a local vegetation proxy dominated by the plant communities growing in the IWP. Ice-wedge cracking in water-saturated sediments started immediately after lake drainage at about 3950 cal yrs BP and led to the formation of an IWP mire. Permafrost aggradation through downward closed-system freezing of the lake talik is indicated by the stable water isotope record. The originally submerged IWP center underwent gradual drying during the past 2000 years. This study highlights the sensitivity of permafrost landscapes to climate and environmental change throughout the Holocene.

Region-specific differentiation of neural tube-derived neuronal restricted progenitor cells after heterotopic transplantation

Spinal cord neuronal restricted progenitor (NRP) cells, when transplanted into the neonatal anterior forebrain subventricular zone, migrate to distinct regions throughout the forebrain including the olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, and occipital cortex but not to the hippocampus. Their migration pattern and differentiation potential is distinct from anterior forebrain subventricular zone NRPs. Irrespective of their final destination, NRP cells do not differentiate into glia. Rather they synthesize neurotransmitters, acquire region-specific phenotypes, and receive synapses from host neurons after transplantation. Spinal cord NRPs express choline acetyl transferase even in regions where host neurons do not express this marker. The restricted distribution of transplanted spinal cord NRP cells and their acquisition of varied region-specific phenotypes suggest that their ultimate fate and phenotype is dictated by a combination of intrinsic properties and extrinsic cues from the host.

Deriva genética de caracteres quantitativos em milho

A obtenção de genótipos superiores no melhoramento de plantas depende da existência de variabilidade genética. A existência de coleções de germoplasma representativas e a utilização de um tamanho adequado de amostra são fundamentais para a preservação das frequências alélicas e genotípicas, diminuindo a perda de variabilidade genética e postergando o aparecimento dos efeitos da deriva genética. Assim, teve-se como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da deriva genética em caracteres quantitativos em subpopulações de milho. Este estudo foi realizado a partir das populações originais BR-105 e BR-106, das quais 10 subpopulações foram obtidas em cada um dos cinco ciclos sucessivos de amostragem com tamanho efetivo reduzido, totalizando 50 subpopulações para cada população original, as quais foram posteriormente autofecundadas, gerando um nível a mais de endogamia. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 10 amostras da população original sem autofecundação, 10 amostras com autofecundação, 50 subpopulações obtidas da população original e 50 subpopulações autofecundadas, totalizando 120 tratamentos para cada população, avaliados separadamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas em faixas hierárquico, em quatro ambientes com duas repetições por ambiente. Os caracteres avaliados foram produção de grãos (PG), prolificidade (PROL), comprimento e diâmetro de espigas (CE e DE), número de fileiras por espiga (NFE), número de grãos por fileira (NGF), altura de planta e espiga (AP e AE), florescimento masculino e feminino (FM e FF) e número de ramificações do pendão (NRP). Foram estimados os efeitos da deriva genética entre as médias das subpopulações nos dois níveis de endogamia e os efeitos da depressão por endogamia nas subpopulações dentro dos ciclos. Posteriormente, realizaram-se análises de regressão linear para as subpopulações nos dois níveis de endogamia, separadamente, e em conjunto. Foi verificada uma grande variação nas médias das subpopulações ao longo dos ciclos, indicando que a deriva genética causou diferenciação entre as mesmas e que estas se diferenciaram das populações originais. Detectaram-se efeitos significativos da deriva genética nas populações não autofecundadas para todos os caracteres avaliados, em maior número para PG, já que este caráter é mais sensível à deriva genética por possuir maior grau de dominância que os demais. Houve diminuição no número de estimativas de deriva significativas para as populações autofecundadas, incluindo mudanças na magnitude e no sinal das mesmas em relação às populações não autofecundadas. Para as estimativas de depressão por endogamia, os caracteres PG, NGF, FM e FF apresentaram maior quantidade de estimativas significativas que os demais. Para a maioria dos caracteres, a regressão linear explicou a maior parte da variação encontrada com o aumento dos coeficientes de endogamia. As populações BR-105 e BR-106, por terem estruturas genéticas distintas, apresentaram performances diferentes quanto aos efeitos da deriva genética. Enfim, como a deriva genética interfere na integridade genética das populações, torna-se importante considerar seus efeitos na coleta e manutenção dos bancos de germoplasma e nas populações utilizadas no melhoramento genético de plantas.

Décès pendant une simulation médicale : perspectives des apprenants et impacts sur le stress et la performance des réanimateurs

L’acceptabilité d’un décès lors d’une simulation médicale reste débattue mais il existe peu de données sur la perspective des apprenants. Des médecins résidents ont effectué une pratique de code et ont rempli un questionnaire pré et post-simulation. Ils ont été exposés à deux scénarios où un bébé naissait sans signe de vie: 1. Nouveau-né ne répondant pas aux manœuvres de réanimation (DCD); 2. Nouveau-né s’améliorant avec une réanimation adéquate (REA). Les performances étaient évaluées à l’aide de la grille standardisée du Programme de Réanimation Néonatale. Le stress objectif (cortisol salivaire) et subjectif a été mesuré après le code. La rétroaction («feedback»), individuelle et en groupe, fut analysée à l’aide de méthodologies qualitatives. 59/62 apprenants ont répondu au questionnaire et 42 ont participé à la simulation. Tous les résidents trouvent les simulations bénéfiques et souhaitent y être exposés davantage. Le type et l’ordre des scénarios n’ont pas eu d’impact sur la performance. Un seul résident a interrompu les manœuvres de réanimation après 10 minutes d’asystolie, tel que recommandé, et 31% ont poursuivi après 20 minutes. Les participants trouvaient le scénario DCD plus stressant. Les niveaux de cortisol salivaire ont augmenté après les simulations (p<0.001) et ce, pour les deux scénarios. Cette augmentation était indépendante du scénario (p=0.06) et n’était pas associée à la performance. Les réponses à la question « Comment a été votre expérience? », ont permis d’identifier deux thèmes: 1. Le mannequin ne meurt pas en simulation médicale; 2. Le décès lors de la simulation signifie une réanimation inadéquate. Le décès lors d’une pratique de code est stressant, mais n’interfère pas avec la performance des soignants. Les apprenants trouvent cet exercice acceptable et bénéfique à leur pratique future.

EU and Swiss regulatory action on Nanomaterials

Dannie Jost lectured on EU and Swiss regulatory action on nanomaterials as one of 16 speakers at the interdisciplinary seminar for young scientists was aimed at doctoral students from NRP 62 "Smart Materials" and NRP 64 "Opportunities and Risks of Nanomaterials".

W-beam guiderail transition from light to heavy posts. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Washington, D.C.

Effects of deceleration and rate of deceleration on live seated human subjects. Final report.

Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D.C.

Rôles de deux corécepteurs impliqués dans le maintien des cellules T mémoires CD8+ et la maturation des cellules dendritiques

La reconnaissance d’un antigène présenté par les cellules présentatrices d’antigène induit la prolifération et la différenciation des lymphocytes T naïfs en lymphocytes T effecteurs et mémoires. Cette reconnaissance se fait par l’interaction du récepteur des cellules T (TCR) des lymphocytes T et le complexe CMH-peptide présent à la surface des DC. Cependant, des signaux additionnels sont requis, une meilleure activation des lymphocytes T implique des corécepteurs présents à la surface de ces deux types cellulaires. Après l’élimination de l’antigène, la plupart des lymphocytes T effecteurs vont mourir. Une petite population de lymphocytes T va persister pour se différencier en lymphocytes T mémoires capables de protéger l’organisme contre une réinfection. Les signaux qui contrôlent le maintien des lymphocytes T mémoires sont encore mal compris. Pour comprendre le rôle de la molécule de costimulation 4-1BB dans le maintien des lymphocytes T CD8 mémoires, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’état de phosphorylation de la protéine adaptatrice TRAF1, qui se lie à 4-1BB, module le maintien des lymphocytes T CD8 mémoires. Ainsi, nous avons montré par des expériences de spectrométrie de masse que TRAF1 s’associe préférentiellement à TBK1 lorsqu’elle n’est pas phosphorylée. Nous avons aussi montré que la présence de TRAF1 est requise pour stabiliser TBK1 au récepteur 4-1BB après stimulation des lymphocytes T. Par ailleurs, les lymphocytes T CD8 OT-I TRAF1-/- reconstituées avec un mutant phospho-déficient de TRAF1 (S139A) et ensuite différenciées en lymphocytes T mémoires in vitro induisent une activation de la voie de signalisation NF-ĸB contrairement à ceux exprimant la forme phospho-mimétique de TRAF1 (S139D). Ces premières études démontrent l’importance de l’état de phosphorylation de TRAF1 en aval de 4-1BB dans les cellules T. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons évalué le rôle d’un autre corécepteur; la neuropiline 1, dans la maturation des DC. A cet effet, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’interaction de la neuropiline 1 et ses ligands contribuerait à la fonction des DC. Nous avons démontré que l’absence de la neuropiline 1 n’a pas d’effet sur la maturation au LPS des DC. Cependant, la présence du VEGF (un ligand de Nrp-1) inhibe la maturation des DC dérivées de la moelle osseuse. Notre étude a démontré que VEGF inhibe l’expression des molécules de costimulation, la sécrétion des cytokines pro inflammatoires et la signalisation TLR4 principalement les voies MAP Kinase et NF-ĸB. Contrairement aux résultats avec les cellules WT, VEGF n’est pas capable d’affecter la maturation, la sécrétion des cytokines et la signalisation TLR4 des DC Nrp1-Lyz où la neuropiline 1 est délétée. Ainsi, nos résultats ont démontré que VEGF inhibe la maturation des DC de façon Nrp1-dépendante. Enfin, l’analyse des molécules partenaires de la neuropiline 1 montre que Nrp1, VEGF et TLR4 se retrouvent dans le même complexe. Nos résultats démontrent que VEGF, en présence de la neuropiline 1 est capable d’interagir avec TLR4 pour inhiber la maturation des DC. Toutefois, en absence de la neuropiline1, VEGF n’est pas capable de recruter TLR4 pour réduire l’expression des molécules de costimulation. Ces études sur les corécepteurs pourraient être importantes dans l’élaboration de nouvelles approches vaccinales.

Dos estrategias de búsqueda anytime basadas en programación lineal entera para resolver el problema de selección de requisitos

El problema de selección de requisitos (o Next Release Problem, NRP) consiste en seleccionar el subconjunto de requisitos que se va a desarrollar en la siguiente versión de una aplicación software. Esta selección se debe hacer de tal forma que maximice la satisfacción de las partes interesadas a la vez que se minimiza el esfuerzo empleado en el desarrollo y se cumplen un conjunto de restricciones. Trabajos recientes han abordado la formulación bi-objetivo de este problema usando técnicas exactas basadas en resolutores SAT y resolutores de programación lineal entera. Ambos se enfrentan a dificultades cuando las instancias tienen un gran tamaño, sin embargo la programación lineal entera (ILP) parece ser más efectiva que los resolutores SAT. En la práctica, no es necesario calcular todas las soluciones del frente de Pareto (que pueden llegar a ser muchas) y basta con obtener un buen número de soluciones eficientes bien distribuidas en el espacio objetivo. Las estrategias de búsqueda basadas en ILP que se han utilizado en el pasado para encontrar un frente bien distribuido en cualquier instante de tiempo solo buscan soluciones soportadas. En este trabajo proponemos dos estrategias basadas en ILP que son capaces de encontrar el frente completo con suficiente tiempo y que, además, tienen la propiedad de aportar un conjunto de soluciones bien distribuido en el frente objetivo en cualquier momento de la búsqueda.