Impacto da ABNT NBR 15575 na qualidade da construção civil

The quality in construction is increasingly a concern in this sector, in view of the occurrence of problems in civil works, even when a contractor is certified by ISO 9001. The ISO 9001 certification does not ensure the maintenance of quality because it only establishes the requirements for a quality management system (QMS) to ensure standardization of processes and products. With the development of ISO 15575, standard performance, the builders took on a quality parameter with the requirements established by this Standard, which must be met. Thus, the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) becomes essential, showing users the concern for quality. This study aimed to verify, through a case study, the impact of NBR 15575 quality construction and how that standard of performance may be the key element of ISO 9001 to ensure quality maintenance of civil works

Análise da ABNT NBR ISO 14005:2012 como instrumento de implementação de sistemas de gestão ambiental em pequenas e médias empresas

The use of environmental management systems - EMS has shown to be a key tool for addressing the environmental aspects and impacts of an organization. The vast majority of EMS based on the requirements of ISO 14001:2004, as it is a globally recognized standard and adopt its recommendations is considered to be a guarantee of fulfilling the basic requirements of an EMS. Despite all the benefits that the system provides, we still find many problems in the implementation of EMS, especially in small and medium enterprises or SME. Most of the difficulties of implementation is related to intrinsic factors that companies of this size have, and issues related to the models and methods used to implement an EMS. Thus, this work aimed to assess whether the guidelines of ISO 14005:2012 meet the needs of SMEs for the effective implementation of an environmental management system. For it has been identified in the relation between SMEs and EMS the majof intrinsic problems of SMEs to implement (PII), such as lack of financial and human resources, and lack of commitment from top management to the SGA. Also was also pointed the main implementation issues related to ISO 14001 (ABNT, 2004) or the models or methods (PIM), highlighting the lack of environmental performance criteria, and the need for a path or sequence of steps for implementation. The study of ISO 14005 (ABNT, 2012) showed that the standard guidelines and implementation examples proposed, include solutions for all problems related to EMS implementation SMEs

Aplicação de sistema de gestão da qualidade na execução de obras de pavimentação asfáltica, baseado nas diretrizes da ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2008

This work brings to its content proposed deployment of a system of quality management in paving asphalt based on the elaboration of a basic training to meet those entering this area of civil engineering at a technical manual for the implementation of major services running on paving of roads. The training was designed to serve both those entering the field of asphalt paving, synthesizing the complex processes involved in paving services and providing an overview of the steps in implementation thereof, as well as entrants must meet the enterprise user of this system, providing them an idea of the method used by the company designing the paving of roads. The technical manual presented in turn, has 8 (eight) of the main services components of a work of paving, which are: Mobilization and Maintenance of construction site, Regularization and subfloor preparation, execution or sub-base BGS base (graded gravel plain), Execution of sub-base or base BGTC (graded gravel treated with cement), Implementation of subbase or base Macadam hydraulic Priming bituminous waterproofing, asphalt binder Priming and finally the execution flexible pavement - HMA (hot milled asphalt concrete). These services are presented in the form of IT-Education work, this seven items are presented that guide the performance of services, thus providing overall guidelines to perform the services described in it. The development of IT's was based on experiences in day-to-day paving near the theoretical precepts presented in the literature, so the conditions specified in these documents aim to always guide the implementation of services in general, giving the process a versatility major operation, as this work takes into account the dynamics of such services, as well as the variety of their execution according to local conditions and specified in the project. So in general we can say that this ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Atendimento à norma NBR 12.209/2011 na implantação de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos no município de Guaratinguetá (SP)

The progressive growth of the population and the increase of sewage generated has demanded of society and public policies that, besides the collection network deployment is carried out the treatment and proper disposal of treated sewage in all brazilian municipalities. The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the work of implementation of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Guaratinguetá city of São Paulo state, to identify the compliance with legal requirements and the NBR 12,209/2011. The construction of this ETE met all the requirements of NBR 12209/2011 and benefited a large portion of population with the sewage treatment. Based on the results of this assessment it was concluded that the construction of a STP is relatively simple, differing only on the legal requirements related to the location, area for the construction and materials used in the work. The knowledge generated in this study will assist the public policies in the implementation of STPs in municipalities that do not yet have this basic sanitation

A Review of the Brazilian NBR 15575 Standard: Applying the Simulation and Simplified Methods for Evaluating a Social House Thermal Performance

The new Brazilian ABNT NBR 15575 Standard (the ―Standard‖) recommends two methods for analyzing housing thermal performance: a simplified and a computational simulation method. The aim of this paper is to evaluate both methods and the coherence between each. For this, the thermal performance of a low-cost single-family house was evaluated through the application of the procedures prescribed by the Standard. To accomplish this study, the EnergyPlus software was selected. Comparative analyses of the house with varying envelope U-values and solar absorptance of external walls were performed in order to evaluate the influence of these parameters on the results. The results have shown limitations in the current Standard computational simulation method, due to different aspects: weather files, lack of consideration of passive strategies, and inconsistency with the simplified method. Therefore, this research indicates that there are some aspects to be improved in this Standard, so it could better represent the real thermal performance of social housing in Brazil.

Considerações de interesse sobre a avaliação em laboratório de elementos estruturais em situação de incêndio: contribuições à revisão da NBR 5628:2001

Existe um crescente interesse sobre a pesquisa sobre a segurança das estruturas em situação de incêndio no Brasil, mas ainda existem aspectos que carecem de discussão. A simulação e avaliação em laboratório de elementos estruturais em situação de incêndio é um desses aspectos, principalmente no que diz respeito à metodologia de ensaio. A norma técnica brasileira NBR 5628:2001 necessita de revisão com vistas à adaptação das metodologias internacionais à realidade brasileira ou, até mesmo, à definição de novas metodologias que considerem variáveis relevantes para o contexto local. Este trabalho apresenta um ponto de partida para essas discussões e reúne os parâmetros que norteiam os procedimentos metodológicos para a avaliação de elementos estruturais, em escala natural, com carga, e em situação de incêndio. Parâmetros de interesse como dimensões mínimas dos elementos, taxas de elevação de temperatura com o tempo, infraestrutura para o ensaio, instrumentação dos elementos estruturais, entre outros, são avaliados à luz da normalização nacional e internacional vigente. Espera-se que este trabalho forneça subsídios para a futura revisão da NBR 5628:2001 e estimule pesquisadores brasileiros a ingressar nessa nova e árdua linha de pesquisa.

Shear force and torsion in reinforced concrete beam elements: theoretical analysis based on Brazilian Standard Code ABNT NBR 6118:2007

Reinforced concrete beam elements are submitted to applicable loads along their life cycle that cause shear and torsion. These elements may be subject to only shear, pure torsion or both, torsion and shear combined. The Brazilian Standard Code ABNT NBR 6118:2007 [1] fixes conditions to calculate the transverse reinforcement area in beam reinforced concrete elements, using two design models, based on the strut and tie analogy model, first studied by Mörsch [2]. The strut angle θ (theta) can be considered constant and equal to 45º (Model I), or varying between 30º and 45º (Model II). In the case of transversal ties (stirrups), the variation of angle α (alpha) is between 45º and 90º. When the equilibrium torsion is required, a resistant model based on space truss with hollow section is considered. The space truss admits an inclination angle θ between 30º and 45º, in accordance with beam elements subjected to shear. This paper presents a theoretical study of models I and II for combined shear and torsion, in which ranges the geometry and intensity of action in reinforced concrete beams, aimed to verify the consumption of transverse reinforcement in accordance with the calculation model adopted As the strut angle on model II ranges from 30º to 45º, transverse reinforcement area (Asw) decreases, and total reinforcement area, which includes longitudinal torsion reinforcement (Asℓ), increases. It appears that, when considering model II with strut angle above 40º, under shear only, transverse reinforcement area increases 22% compared to values obtained using model I.

Precipitation of rutile and anatase (Tio12) fine powders and their conversion to MTiO3 (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) by the hydrothermal method

Fine powders of TiO2 (rutile) with high degree of crystallinity are formed from aqueous titanium oxychloride solution under hydrothermal conditions at 160–230°C and 15–100 kg/cm2 for 1–2 hours. The anatase phase is produced from the same medium when sulfate ion impurity is present, with Image . Both these fine powders are converted to BaTiO3, SrTiO3 or CaTiO3 when suspended in Ba(OH)2 or Sr(OH)2 solution or in an aqueous slurry of carbonate-free CaO with Image , at 180–280°C and 12–65 kg/cm2 for 4–8 hours. The resulting fine powders contain monocrystallites of the perovskite phase with 0.1–1.5 μm particle size.

Impedance parameters and the state-of-charge. II. Lead-acid battery

The determination of the state-of-charge of the lead-acid battery has been examined from the viewpoint of internal impedance. It is shown that the impedance is controlled by charge transfer and to a smaller extent by diffusion processes in the frequency range 15–100 Hz. The equivalent series/parallel capacitance as well as the a.c. phase-shift show a parabolic dependence upon the state-of-charge, with a maximum or minimum at 50% charge. These results are explained on the basis of a uniform transmission-line analog equivalent circuit for the battery electrodes.

Endophytic fungal communities in woody perennials of three tropical forest types of the Western Ghats, southern India

Fungal endophytes of tropical trees are expected to be exceptionally species rich as a consequence of high tree diversity in the tropics and the purported host restriction among the endophytes. Based on this premise, endophytes have been regarded as a focal group for estimating fungal numbers because their possible hyperdiverse nature would reflect significantly global fungal diversity. We present our consolidated ten-year work on 75 dicotyledonous tree hosts belonging to 33 families and growing in three different types of tropical forests of the NBR in the Western Ghats, southern India. We conclude that endophyte diversity in these forests is limited due to loose host affiliations among endophytes. Some endophytes have a wide host range and colonize taxonomically disparate hosts suggesting adaptations in them to counter a variety of defense chemicals in their hosts. Furthermore, such polyphagous endophytes dominate the endophyte assemblages of different tree hosts. Individual leaves may be densely colonized but only by a few endophyte species. It appears that the environment (the type of forest in this case) has a larger role in determining the endophyte assemblage of a plant host than the taxonomy of the host plant. Thus, different tropical plant communities have to be studied for their endophyte diversity to test the generalization that endophytes are hyperdiverse in the tropics, estimate their true species richness, and use them as a predictor group for more accurate assessment of global fungal diversity.

Ultrasonic degradation of butadiene, styrene and their copolymers

Ultrasonic degradation of commercially important polymers, styrene-butadiene (SBR) rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) rubber, styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), polybutadiene rubber and polystyrene were investigated. The molecular weight distributions were measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). A model based on continuous distribution kinetics approach was used to study the time evolution of molecular weight distribution for these polymers during degradation. The effect of solvent properties and ultrasound intensity on the degradation of SBR rubber was investigated using different pure solvents and mixed solvents of varying volatility and different ultrasonic intensities. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.