Antioxidant activity of ginger extract (zingiber officinale) in soybean oil under thermoxidation

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ginger ethanol extract in soybean oil under thermoxidation. Design/methodology/approach: A total of four treatments were used: soybean oil free of synthetic antioxidants, soybean oil containing 2,500 mg/kg of ginger extract, soybean oil containing 50 mg/kg of TBHQ, soybean oil containing the mixture of natural extract, and TBHQ in the before-cited concentration. The treatments were discontinuously submitted to plates heated at 180°C, for 20 hours. Samples were removed in the times of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours of heating and they were analyzed as to their oxidative stability, total polar compounds, peroxide and conjugated diene values. Findings: The results showed the efficiency of the ginger extract in protecting the oil against lipid oxidation. It could be concluded that ginger extract might be indicated as an additive that acts against lipid oxidation and, consequently, increases shelf life of food. Practical implications: These studies may prove to be beneficial to the exploitation of natural antioxidant sources for the preservation and/or extension of raw and processed food shelf life. Therefore, they could also be applied in the area of pharmaceuticals for the protection of human life. Originality/value: This study offers information on the use of natural antioxidants as an alternative to the use of synthetic antioxidants, which might be considered toxic. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Effect of Zingiber officinale and propolis on microorganisms and endotoxins in root canals

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glycolic propolis (PRO) and ginger (GIN) extracts, calcium hydroxide (CH), chlorhexidine (CLX) gel and their combinations as ICMs (ICMs) against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and endotoxins in root canals. Material and Methods: After 28 days of contamination with microorganisms, the canals were instrumented and then divided according to the ICM: CH+saline; CLX, CH+CLX, PRO, PRO+CH; GIN; GIN+CH; saline. The antimicrobial activity and quantification of endotoxins by the chromogenic test of Limulus amebocyte lysate were evaluated after contamination and instrumentation at 14 days of ICM application and 7 days after ICM removal. Results and Conclusion: After analysis of results and application ofthe Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests at 5% significance level, it was concluded that all ICMs were able to eliminate the microorganisms in the root canals and reduce their amount of endotoxins; however, CH was more effective in neutralizing endotoxins and less effective against C. albicans and E. faecalis, requiring the use of medication combinations to obtain higher success.

Detecção de microrganismos, quantificação de endotoxinas e ação in vivo do Zingiber officinale em dentes com necrose pulpar e lesão periapical

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise bioquímica e histológica da toxicidade do Symphytum officinale fitoterápico e homeopático em fígado e rins de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização físico-química do extrato fluido e seco por nebulização de Symphytum officinale L.

O artigo reporta a obtenção do extrato fluido de Symphytum officinale L., e posterior secagem por nebulização, e a caracterização físico-química por técnicas termogravimétricas, espectroscópicas e cromatográficas. O adjuvante de secagem utilizado foi hidroxietilcelulose na concentração de 1,5%. Foi observado que o processo de secagem por nebulização, nas condições operacionais estabelecidas, não influenciou as características dos constituintes do extrato seco em relação ao extrato fluido pelas técnicas utilizadas.

Efeito do Symphytum officinale L. (confrei) fitoterápico e homeopático na reparação óssea em tíbias de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Capacidade antioxidante e estabilidade oxidativa de Gengiber officinale

The main objectives of this work were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine of an ethanolic ginger extract total phenolic compounds concentration, as well as verifying its behavior by means of the oxidative stability, when added to refined soybean oil in concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg/kg. The maximum antioxidant activity and EC50, concentration of the extract to achieve 50% of the antioxidant activity, value determined by free radical DPPH method were 79.1% and 42.6 g/mL, respectively. The total phenolic compounds concentration, determined to Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 251 mg/g. The induction period of the samples increased according to the augment of the extract concentration in the oil when evaluated using oxidative stability through the Rancimat equipament. It was possible to conclude that the ginger extracts possess effective action against the lipid oxidation and can be applied in foods as natural antioxidant.

Different extracts of Zingiber officinale decrease Enterococcus faecalis infection in Galleria mellonella

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do processo de hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de açúcares a partir de gengibre (Zingiber officinale)

Ginger is a starchy tubers prized for their chemical components. In the production of any kinds of beverages has been added to the extract of ginger. However, in view of the high starch content, a possibility of further development of the agribusiness sector this would be the hydrolysis tuberous rhizomes disqualified for export in order to obtain hydrolysates that would be used in the preparation of fermented beverages. This work aimed to evaluate the production of sugar from rhizomes of ginger. Two α-amylase enzymes were tested in the stage of liquefaction (Liquozyme Supra (T1) and Termamyl 2X (T2)), as well as the effect of time of action of amyloglucosidase (AMG 300L). The hydrolysates were analyzed in liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was also carried out the mass balance of the processes. The results showed higher hydrolysis of starch in the treatment that used Liquozyme Supra in liquefaction. The action time of 18 hours of AMG 300L hydrolyzate which gave an 98% of its chemical components was glucose.

Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)

The secondary metabolites in the roots, leaves and flowers of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) have been studied in detail. However, little is known about the specific constituents of the plant’s highly specialized laticifer cells. Using a combination of liquid and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, we identified and quantified the major secondary metabolites in the latex of different organs across different growth stages in three genotypes, and tested the activity of the metabolites against the generalist root herbivore Diabrotica balteata. We found that common dandelion latex is dominated by three classes of secondary metabolites: phenolic inositol esters (PIEs), triterpene acetates (TritAc) and the sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G). Purification and absolute quantification revealed concentrations in the upper mg g−1 range for all compound classes with up to 6% PIEs, 5% TritAc and 7% TA-G per gram latex fresh weight. Contrary to typical secondary metabolite patterns, concentrations of all three classes increased with plant age. The highest concentrations were measured in the main root. PIE profiles differed both quantitatively and qualitatively between plant genotypes, whereas TritAc and TA-G differed only quantitatively. Metabolite concentrations were positively correlated within and between the different compound classes, indicating tight biosynthetic co-regulation. Latex metabolite extracts strongly repelled D. balteata larvae, suggesting that the latex constituents are biologically active.

Salomonssiegel - Polygonatum latifolium - P. officinale -

AR

Blattformen : Aquilegia - Levisticum officinale - Achillea filipendulina - Chelidonium majus - Papaver rhoeas - Aquilegia - Geum coccineum - Geum triflorum

AR

Verwelkte Blätter : Paeonia peregrina - Levisticum officinale - Dipsacus fullonum - Ptelea trifoliata

AR

Liebstöckel - Levisticum officinale

AR

Nitrate-induced early transcriptional changes during imbibition in non-after-ripened Sisymbrium officinale seeds.

We have here demonstrated for the first time that nitrate not only accelerates testa rupture of non- AR seeds but also modifies expression pattern of the cell-wall remodeling proteins (mannanases; SoMAN6 and SoMAN7) and key genes belonging to metabolism and signaling of ABA (SoNCED6, SoNCED9, SoCYP707A2 and SoABI5) and GAs (SoGA3ox, SoGA20ox, SoGA2ox and SoRGL2). These results were obtained during Sisymbrium officinale seed imbibition in the absence of endosperm rupture. Exogenous ABA induced a notable inhibition of testa rupture in both absence and presence of nitrate being this effect sharply reversed by GA4+7. However, nitrate was capable to provoke testa rupture in absence of ABA synthesis. The expression of SoMAN6 and SoMAN7 were positively altered by nitrate. Although ABA synthesis seems apparent at the start of non-AR seed imbibition, taken together the results of SoNCED6, SoNCED9 and SoCYP707A2 expression seem to suggest that nitrate leads to a strong net ABA decrease. Likewise, nitrate positively affected the SoABI5 expression when the SoNCED9 expression was also stimulated. By contrast, at the early and final of imbibition, nitrate clearly inhibited the SoABI5 expression. The expression of SoGA2ox6 and SoGA3ox2 are strongly inhibited by nitrate whereas of SoGA20ox6 was stimulated. On the other hand, SoRGL2 transcript level decreased in the presence of nitrate. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that the nitrate signaling is already operative during the non-AR S. officinale seeds imbibition. The nitrate, in cross-talk with the AR network likely increases the favorable molecular conditions that trigger germination.