95 resultados para Moringa


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Se realizó un estudio en la finca Santa Rosa propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria ubicada en Managua-Nicaragua. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis descriptivo de la composición química de la harina de piscidium de Moringa oleifera [Materia seca (MS), Proteína Bruta (PB), Fibra Cruda (FC), Extracto etéreo (EE) y Ceniza (CE)] así como la degradación ruminal in situ de la MS (DMS), PB (DPB) y FC (DFC) de la misma. Se utilizó la técnica de degradación in situ para evaluar la cinética de la degradabilidad de piscidium de Moringa en el rumen. Los tiempos de incubación evaluados fueron 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72h. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la composición química de piscidium de Moringa presentó valores de 97.16% MS, 5.27% PB, 59.7% FC, 1.08% EE y CE de 8.18%. La DMS fue de 36.12% a las 72 h de incubación. La DPB tuvo una rápida degradabilidad en las primeras 6 h (29.75%) con un máximo de degradación potencial a las 72 h de 45.71%, sin embargo la DFC fue lenta durante las primeras 12 h, (6.77%), posterior a las mismas se incrementó la degradabilidad de la FC alcanzando un máximo potencial de degradabilidad de 19.38% a las 72 h de incubación. Los resultados indican que la harina de piscidium de Moringa es un alimento de mayor valor nutritivo que muchos alimentos toscos o lignificados, sin embargo para mejorar su aprovechamiento en la alimentación animal debe ser acompañado con una fuente nitrogenada o ser incluido como material de relleno en alimentos concentrados, bloques multinutricionales o amonificado.

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Con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial del follaje fresco de Moringa oleifera como alimento para conejos y su efecto sobre el comportamiento productivo , se realizó el presente experimento en la Unidad de Producción cunícola de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. Se utilizaron 18 conejos de razas Neozelandés Blanco y California con una edad de 40 d-1 y un peso promedio de 712.19g(127.96)agrupados en un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con seis repeticiones por tratamiento, l os tratamientos fueron T1: 100% concentrado comercial , T2: 80% concentrado comercial + 20% follaje de Moringa o leifera, T3: 70% Concentrado + 30% follaje de Moringa o leifera. Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia, Morfometría del tracto gastrointestinal, características de la canal y análisis sensorial de la carne de conejos, los datos se analizaron mediante el procedimiento de análisis de varianza (ANDEVA),utilizando el Modelo Lineal General del Software MINITAB(Minitab®,versión 16.0, 2012). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no se encontró diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en el consumo de alimento, ganancia media diaria y conversión alimenticia así mismo para la Morfometría del tracto gastrointestinal sin embargo para el análisi s sensorial de la carne los jueces no entrenados encontraron diferencias en la calidad, textura y diferencias altamente significativas en la dureza(1er mordisco). En el análisis financiero se encontró una mayor utilidad al comparar el T1 vs T3 con US$1.10 seguido por el T1 vs T2 con US$ 0.48.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la inclusión de harina de hoja de Marango (Moringa oleifera) en dietas para pollos de engorde y su efecto sobre el comportamiento productivo (Consumo, Ganancia media Diaria (GMD) , peso final (PF), Peso de la canal (PC), Rendimiento de la canal (RC), Conversión alimenticia (CA) ) así como su efecto sobre el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) y calidad de la canal (CC) . Se utilizaron 210 aves de la línea Cobb 500 con peso promedio 30.09 g (0.5) . Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), distribuido en tres tratamientos con siete repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: T1:concentrado comercial, T2: concentrado con 5% de harina de hoja de Marango (Moringa oleifera ) y T3: concentrado con 10% de harina de hoja de Marango ( Moringa olei fera ). Los datos fueron analizados por PROC ANDEVA con el paquete estadístico SAS® Ver. 9.1 , las comparaciones de medias por la prueba de Tu key . No se encontraron diferencias (p>0.05) para consumo , GMD, PF, PC, y RC. Existieron diferencias (p <0.05) para CA T1 ( 1.6 ) supero a T3 ( 1.79 ) pero fue similar a T2 ( 1. 64 ) . La morfometría del TGI no se vio afectada en términos generales por los tratamientos en estudio. La CC no mostro diferencias entre los tratamientos, con una mejor aceptación de las canales provenien te de las aves alimentadas con harina de hoja de Marango (T2 y T3). La valoración financiera determino que el T2 es una alternativa viable para sustituir dietas basadas en alimentos comerciales, al generar mayores utilidades sin que esto afecte el peso final de las aves.

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El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la inclusión harina de piscidium de Marango ( Moringa oleifera) en bloques multinutricionales (BMN) y su efecto sobre los parámetros productivos (Peso final (PF) , conversión alimento (CAL), Ganancia media diaria (GMD), consumo(CA) en ovino de desarrollo. Se utilizaron 18 ovinos con pesos de 12.14 kg ( ± ) y edad de 4 - 5 m , Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), con seis repeticiones y tres tratamiento s. Los tratamientos evaluados T1: BMN con 25% de piscidium de Marango + forraje , T2: BMN + 35% de piscidium de Marango+ forraje T3: forraje fresco. Se utilizó el PROC ANDEVA de un GLM utilizando el Software Minitab ® ver 16.4 . , las diferencias de medias se les aplico la prueba de Tukey . Los resultados obtenidos demostraron diferencias (p<0.005) para consumo de bloques , El consumo de forraje fue similar para T3 y T2, pero ambos difieren de T1 (p<0.05) . Para consumo total de Materia seca T3 difiere de T2 y T1 (p<0.05) . La GMD, PF fue similar (p>0.05) entre T1 y T2, pero difieren (p<0.05) de T3 . La CA nos refleja que el T1 fue el más eficiente seguido de T2 y T3. Desde el punto de vista financiero T1 fue superior a T2 y T3. En resumen la inclusión de harina de piscidium como componente de BMN mejora el consumo, GMD, CA y PF, siendo el nivel de inclusión del 25% el más eficiente, Piscidium de Moringa es un recurso local de bajo costo que puede ser utilizado en la alimentación de ovinos

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El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y la densidad de siembra sobre la producción de biomasa y la composición química del Marango (Moringa oleífera) en 1 corte a 90 días en periodo de establecimiento, en suelo arcilloso de Juigalpa, Chontales. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en la hacienda «San Esteban", localizada geográficamente a 12°07'26.80" latitud Norte y 85°27'13.93" longitud Oeste, municipio de Juigalpa, Chontales, de agosto a diciembre 201O. El diseño experimental usado fue un bifactorial con 3 niveles de fertilización nitrogenada (TI-O kg N ha'1,T2-100 kg N ha'1 y T3-150 kg N ha'1),como factor principal y 2 densidades de siembra (Dl-200,000 plantas ha·1 y D2-250,000 plantas ha'1), como factor secundario en bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas usando los niveles de fertilización nitrogenada como parcela principal y las densidades de siembra como sub parcela. Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparación de media con la prueba de Tukey, utilizando el Software Statical Analisys System versión 8, 2001. La fertilización nitrogenada mostró efectos significativos (p<0.05) sobre: altura de planta, diámetro de copa, emergencia de plántula, rendimiento de biomasa fresca y seca: total, fracción fina y fracción gruesa de Moringa oleífera, siendo menor en T1 y superior en T3, que no mostró diferencias estadísticas con T2; la densidad de siembra no mostró efectos significativos (p<0.05) en dichas variables, aunque numéricamente los valores superiores los mostró DI. En las variables de composición química, mostraron efectos significativos tanto fertilización nitrogenada como densidad de siembra, el contenido de materia seca mostró valores similares tanto en fertilización nitrogenada como en densidad de siembra; los contenidos de cenizas y proteína cruda mostraron menores valores en dosis de fertilización nitrogenada de l00 y 150 kg N ha·1 con respecto al tratamiento de O kg N ha·1 y en la densidad menor correspondiente a 200,000 plantas ha'1; los contenidos de fibra detergente neutro y fibra detergente ácida mostraron superior valor en dosis mayores de nitrógeno y en la densidad menor.

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Con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento inicial de Moringa oleifera y profundizar en las ventajas de esta especie, en comparación con otra forrajera de rápido crecimiento (Leucaena leucocephala); se llevo a cabo en el vivero de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales un ensayo con diseño completamente aleatorio con dos tratamientos, y 20 repeticiones. Se realizó un conteo diario de germinación por un periodo de tres semanas (21 días); mientras patrones de crecimiento fueron determinados a partir de evaluaciones semanales de diámetro basal y raíz, longitud de tallo y raíz, y numero de raíces secundarias; así como producción de biomasa expresada en peso seco y peso fresco de la parte área y radicular, de una muestra de 8 plantas destruidas semanalmente. Los resultados muestran ventajas de la especie M. oleifera para la mayoría de variables; solo superado en el número de raíces secundarias de L .leucocephala. Los valores relacionados a la calidad o potencial de establecimiento sugieren pocos problemas de establecimiento en campo para las especies M. oleifera y L. leucocephala como producto del rápido crecimiento, y aun con la desigual proporción en la relación tallo-raíz, y biomasa.

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As alterações climáticas emergentes têm um grande impacto no crescimento e desenvolvimento de espécies florestais, nomeadamente em espécies de valor industrial e medicinal, como é o caso do eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus) e da moringa (Moringa oleifera). Assim, é urgente conhecer as respostas fisiológicas e entender as variações que ocorrem nos perfis metabólicos de espécies vegetais. Neste trabalho, plantas jovens de Eucalyptus globulus foram expostas a radiação UVB (12kJ/m2) e foram avaliadas as respostas fisiológicas e o perfil metabólico, um e onze dias após a aplicação da radiação. A dose de UVB usada não afetou as reações fotoquímicas nem as trocas gasosas, contudo ao nível do metabolismo do carbono (AST e amido) e do conteúdo de pigmentos verificaram-se pequenas alterações (AST e pigmentos). Através da análise do perfil metabólico de E. globulus foram encontrados compostos voláteis e semi-voláteis pertencentes às famílias dos terpenos, sesquiterpenos e aldeídos. Em geral, os sesquiterpenos e os álcoois monoterpénicos apresentaram uma tendência para manter e, em alguns casos, diminuir com o stress, enquanto que o grupos dos aldeídos aumentou e os monoterpenos apresentaram um comportamento mais heterogéneo. O E. globulus mostrou ser uma espécie tolerante à aplicação da dose de UVB usada neste trabalho. Por outro lado, plantas jovens de M. oleifera foram expostas a défice hídrico (DH). Um grupo de plantas foi recolhido um dia após o final da exposição e o outro grupo após onze dias do final da exposição. Foi avaliado o perfil metabólico desta espécie através de GC/MS. Os dados cromatográficos indicaram que em condições de stress (DH(1) e DH(11)), as quantidades de compostos associados a vias primárias e secundárias de defesa (como os alcanos, álcoois, ácidos carboxílicos, esteróis, aminoácidos e açucares) sofreram algumas alterações. As plantas analisadas 11 dias após a remoção do stress mostraram maiores variações do perfil de metabolitos. No entanto, tanto um como onze dias após a remoção do stress, as plantas apresentaram a formação de novos rebentos. Apesar do perfil de metabolitos ter sofrido algumas alterações, por não se registarem casos de morte, conclui-se que as plantas de moringa mostraram ser tolerantes aos tratamentos aplicados.

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Protease inhibitors are one of the most important tools of nature for regulating the proteolytic activity of their target proteases. They are synthesized in biological systems and they play a critical role in controlling a number of diverse physiological functions. The current investigation focused on the isolation, purification and characterization of a novel protease inhibitor from Moringa oleifera. The results obtained during the course of study opens new perspectives for the utilization of protease inhibitor from Moringa oleifera for various pharmaceutical, agricultural and food industries. The biological and physicochemical properties exhibited by the novel protease inhibitor from Moringa oleifera clearly testify its suitability for the development as a drug for application in pharmaceutical industries such as anticoagulant agent or biocontrol agent in agriculture and even as a food preservant. There is a scope for further research on the structure elucidation and protein engineering towards a wide range of further applications. Detailed structure/function analysis of these proteins is important to facilitate their use in genetic engineering for various applications.

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Protease inhibitors have great demand in medicine and biotechnology. We report here the purification and characterization of a protease inhibitor isolated from mature leaf extract of Moringa oleifera that showed maximum inhibitor activity. The protease inhibitor was purified to 41.4-fold by Sephadex G75 and its molecular mass was calculated as 23,600 Da. Inhibitory activity was confirmed by dot-blot and reverse zymogram analyses. Glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline and aspartic acid were found as the major amino acids of the inhibitor protein. Maximal activity was recorded at pH 7 and at 40 ◦C. The inhibitor was stable over pH 5–10; and at 50 ◦C for 2 h. Thermostability was promoted by CaCl2, BSA and sucrose. Addition of Zn2+ and Mg2+, SDS, dithiothreitol and -mercaptoethanol enhanced inhibitory activity, while DMSO and H2O2 affected inhibitory activity. Modification of amino acids at the catalytic site by PMSF and DEPC led to an enhancement in the inhibitory activity. Stoichiometry of trypsin–protease inhibitor interaction was 1:1.5 and 0.6 nM of inhibitor effected 50% inhibition. The low Ki value (1.5 nM) obtained indicated scope for utilization of M. oliefera protease inhibitor against serine proteases

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Protease inhibitors are well known to have several applications in medicine and biotechnology. Several plant sources are known to return potential protease inhibitors. In this study plants belonging to different families of Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Graminae and Moringaceae were screened for the protease inhibitor. Among them Moringa oleifera, belonging to the family Moringaceae, recorded high level of protease inhibitor activity after ammonium sulfate fractionation. M. oleifera, which grows throughout most of the tropics and having several industrial and medicinal uses, was selected as a source of protease inhibitor since so far no reports were made on isolation of the protease inhibitor. Among the different parts of M. oleifera tested, the crude extract isolated from the mature leaves and seeds showed the highest level of inhibition against trypsin. Among the various extraction media evaluated, the crude extract prepared in phosphate buffer showed maximum recovery of the protease inhibitor. The protease inhibitor recorded high inhibitory activity toward the serine proteases thrombin, elastase, chymotrypsin and the cysteine

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Moringa oleifera is becoming increasingly popular as an industrial crop due to its multitude of useful attributes as water purifier, nutritional supplement and biofuel feedstock. Given its tolerance to sub-optimal growing conditions, most of the current and anticipated cultivation areas are in medium to low rainfall areas. This study aimed to assess the effect of various irrigation levels on floral initiation, flowering and fruit set. Three treatments namely, a 900 mm (900IT), 600 mm (600IT) and 300 mm (300IT) per annum irrigation treatment were administered through drip irrigation, simulating three total annual rainfall amounts. Individual inflorescences from each treatment were tagged during floral initiation and monitored throughout until fruit set. Flower bud initiation was highest at the 300IT and lowest at the 900IT for two consecutive growing seasons. Fruit set on the other hand, decreased with the decrease in irrigation treatment. Floral abortion, reduced pollen viability as well as moisture stress in the style were contributing factors to the reduction in fruiting/yield observed at the 300IT. Moderate water stress prior to floral initiation could stimulate flower initiation, however, this should be followed by sufficient irrigation to ensure good pollination, fruit set and yield.

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Seed germination and seedling establishment are critical processes for commercial plantation and depend directly on reserve mobilization as a source of cellular fuels and biosynthetic precursors. In this way, we investigated the coordination among reserve mobilization, metabolite partitioning, and mobilizing enzyme activities in Moringa oleifera Lam (moringa) an oil-seeded species employed in biofuel production. Seeds were germinated under controlled conditions and seedlings were grown hydroponically at a greenhouse. Samples were harvested at 0, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 days after imbibition (DAI). The contents of dry mass (DM), neutral lipids (NL), soluble proteins (SP), starch, total soluble sugars (TSS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), and total free amino acids (TFAA) as the activity of isocitrate lyase (ICL), acid proteases, and amylases were determined. The mobilization of storage proteins was initiated during seed germination whereas the mobilization of storage lipids and starch was triggered throughout seedling establishment although all reserves have been depleted until 20 DAI. The partitioning of DM and metabolites to the roots and the shoots was uneven during seedling establishment. Low shoot/root ratio on the basis of DM could be related to the natural occurrence of moringa in drought climates. In the roots, TSS, NRS, and TFAA were accumulated from 12 to 16 DAI and then were consumed until the end of the experiment. In the shoots, TSS and TFAA were consumed in parallel with NRS accumulation from 12 to 20 DAI. The activity of ICL, acid proteases, and amylases was coordinated with the mobilization of lipids, proteins and starch respectively. Thus, we propose that the patterns of reserve mobilization and metabolite partitioning verified in moringa seem distinct from those found to other tree species and may be involved in metabolic strategies to enable environment colonization

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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With the growth and development of modern society, arises the need to search for new raw materials and new technologies which present the "clean" characteristic, and do not harm the environment, but can join the energy needs of industry and transportation. The Moringa oleifera Lam, plant originating from India, and currently present in the Brazilian Northeast, presents itself as a multi-purpose plant, can be used as a coagulant in water treatment, as a natural remedy and as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In this work, Moringa has been used as a raw material for studies on the extraction and subsequently in the synthesis of biodiesel. Studies have been conducted on various techniques of Moringa oil extraction (solvents, mechanical pressing and enzymatic), being specially developed an experimental design for the aqueous extraction with the aid of the enzyme Neutrase© 0.8 L, with the aim of analyzing the influence variable pH (5.5-7.5), temperature (45-55°C), time (16-24 hours) and amount of catalyst (2-5%) on the extraction yield. In relation to study of the synthesis of biodiesel was initially carried out a conventional transesterification (50°C, KOH as a catalyst, methanol and 60 minutes reaction). Next, a study was conducted using the technique of in situ transesterification by using an experimental design variables as temperature (30-60°C), catalyst amount (2-5%), and molar ratio oil / ethanol (1:420-1:600). The extraction technique that achieved the highest extraction yield (35%) was the one that used hexane as a solvent. The extraction using 32% ethanol obtained by mechanical pressing and extraction reached 25% yield. For the enzymatic extraction, the experimental design indicated that the extraction yield was most affected by the effect of the combination of temperature and time. The maximum yield obtained in this extraction was 16%. After the step of obtaining the oil was accomplished the synthesis of biodiesel by the conventional method and the in situ technique. The method of conventional transesterification was obtained a content of 100% and esters by in situ technique was also obtained in 100% in the experimental point 7, with a molar ratio oil / alcohol 1:420, Temperature 60°C in 5% weight KOH with the reaction time of 1.5 h. By the experimental design, it was found that the variable that most influenced the ester content was late the percentage of catalyst. By physico-chemical analysis it was observed that the biodiesel produced by the in situ method fell within the rules of the ANP, therefore this technique feasible, because does not require the preliminary stage of oil extraction and achieves high levels of esters