El uso y efectividad de la relación estratégica comunitaria y el marketing en las organizaciones de comercio al por mayor especializadas en productos agropecuarios

El mercadeo relacional no sólo implica desarrollar relaciones con los clientes y satisfacer efectivamente sus necesidades, sino que también implica la vinculación de la empresa con la comunidad, y para esto se deben utilizan estrategias comunitarias generando así un desarrollo y beneficio recíproco a largo plazo. La empresa mayorista del sector agropecuario analizada en este proyecto dentro de su concepto de comunidad tiene claro quiénes son sus principales agentes (clientes externos, proveedores, clientes internos y comunidades vulnerables) y cómo relacionarse con ellos mediante el uso efectivo y equilibrado de las estrategias de marketing y de las estrategias orientadas a la comunidad, lo cual se ve reflejado en sus resultados financieros y en el impacto que ha generado en el desarrollo integral de la comunidad rural y del sector agropecuario. No obstante, la empresa si bien mantiene una relación permanente con sus clientes, proveedores y empleados y algunas fundaciones, se observa que la relación con otros agentes pierde continuidad al ser una iniciativa a corto plazo como respuesta a un cambio.

Once upon a time : using stories in language classroom. 'Érase una vez : utilizando historias en la clase de idioma'.

El trabajo recoge una serie de narraciones y cuentos en lengua inglesa que sirve a los profesores como fuente para programar actividades con los alumnos (desde los niveles iniciales hasta los avanzados dentro de la educación secundaria). Las técnicas descritas en el libro se proponen mejorar la expresión oral, practicar gramática y sobre todo conocer el lenguaje coloquial. Los autores sugieren diferentes posibilidades de tratamiento de la narración como herramienta para desarrollar las habilidades de comprensión y expresión oral. A continuación hay una serie de actividades desarrolladas tomando como base una historia y sus posibilidades de explotación. También ofrece un repertorio de posibles historias para trabajar en el aula.

Place, race and teaching geography.

Trata de la aportación que realizan la enseñanza de la geografía, y sus profesores del nivel de secundaria, a la educación en una sociedad multicultural. Éstos, se dan cuenta de que los programas escolares no reflejan las experiencias y las perspectivas de algunos de sus alumnos, procedentes de otras culturas y religiones. La respuesta a esto, fue reescribir los planes de estudio y sus textos, para permitir el estudio de culturas y modos de vida diferentes.

Teaching geography 11-18 : a conceptual approach.

Ofrece un enfoque totalmente nuevo sobre la enseñanza de la geografía y su lugar en la educación secundaria, pues aporta un cambio significativo en el examen de los conceptos clave de la materia que proporciona a los docentes una propuesta diferente de su planificación curricular. Está dirigido a todos los profesores de geografía de secundaria, a todos los futuros profesores y a todas las personas involucradas en la educación y en planificar los planes de estudios.

An overview of the current status of research into adopting high levels of renewables in Ireland

This paper provides an overview of the reduction targets that Ireland has set in the context of decarbonising their electricity generation through the use of renewables. The main challenges associated with integrating high levels (>20% of installed capacity) of non-dispatchable renewable generation are identified. The rising complexity of the challenge as renewable penetration levels increase is highlighted. A list of relevant research questions is then proposed, and an overview is given into the previous work that has gone into answering some of them. In particular, studies into the Irish energy market are identified, the current knowledge gap is described, and areas of necessary future research are suggested

Elaboração de um modelo de compra na internet: o papel da confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico em diferentes situações de risco percebido

Motivada pelo recente debate sobre o aumento da sensibilidade a preço dos consumidores que compram pela Internet, esta tese propõe um modelo de compra na Internet no qual a confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico desempenha um papel central. O modelo proposto encontra forte sustentação teórica na teoria de marketing de relacionamento e, mais especificamente, nos resultados de um estudo de Morgan e Hunt (1994). Estes autores propuseram e validaram um modelo no qual o comprometimento e a confiança desempenham um papel central para o sucesso do marketing de relacionamento. O modelo proposto nesta tese foi desenvolvido apenas para situações envolvendo encontros iniciais entre consumidores e varejistas eletrônicos. Nesta situação particular, o modelo propõe que a confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico depende da avaliação do consumidor sobre os atributos funcionais do Website do varejista e das associações de confiança em relação à marca do varejista. A confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico resulta na formação da atitude do consumidor em relação ao varejista que, por sua vez, aumenta a intenção de comprar o produto do varejista e diminui a sensibilidade a preço do consumidor. Ao considerar a estreita relação entre os conceitos de confiança e risco percebido, o modelo também propõe que a influência da confiança é menor em situações de baixo risco percebido do que em condições de alto risco percebido. Para estabelecer-se um contraponto à atitude do consumidor em relação ao varejista, o modelo leva em conta também a influência da marca do fabricante sobre a intenção de compra e sobre a sensibilidade a preço do consumidor. As hipóteses originadas do modelo teórico foram testadas por meio de dois experimentos realizados concomitantemente e os dados foram coletados com os mesmos respondentes. De modo geral, o modelo proposto não foi rejeitado pelos dois experimentos. Não foi possível verificar-se, entretanto, o efeito moderador do risco percebido sobre a confiança, isto é, a influência da confiança no varejista não foi diferente nas duas situações de risco percebido. Especificamente, os resultados do primeiro experimento sugerem que a atitude do consumidor em relação ao varejista influencia positivamente a intenção de comprar o produto mas não tem nenhum efeito sobre a sensibilidade a preço do consumidor. Por outro lado, a atitude em relação à marca do fabricante influencia tanto a intenção de compra quanto a sensibilidade a preço do consumidor e seu efeito é superior ao da confiança no varejista. Os resultados do primeiro experimento também indicam que os consumidores demonstram mais confiança em varejistas eletrônicos híbridos (varejistas que comercializam seus produtos tanto por meio da Internet quanto por meio de lojas convencionais) do que em varejistas eletrônicos puros (varejistas que comercializam seus produtos unicamente por meio da Internet). Esta maior confiança, entretanto, não se traduz em maior intenção de compra e é provável que a familiaridade influencie o nível de confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico. Os resultados do segundo experimento, por sua vez, indicam que o efeito da confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico é menos importante para a decisão do comprador do que o preço do bem e apenas ligeiramente superior à atitude em relação à marca do fabricante. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que a confiança do consumidor no varejista eletrônico é importante, embora talvez não mereça o papel de destaque que alguns autores vêm lhe atribuindo. A tese ainda aponta as limitações dos experimentos e sugere caminhos a serem explorados por novas pesquisas na área.

A ética e suas implicações nas ações de marketing dos médicos

Esta Tese integra a perspectiva de diferentes áreas e disciplinas na relação médico-paciente, como a Medicina, a Ética, a Bioética, a Psicologia, a Responsabilidade e o Marketing de Relacionamento. Discute os fatores ambientais que afetam o médico, considerando a potencial influência destes fatores no comportamento do profissional, e mostra a importância da relação médico-paciente e dos fatores mentais e emocionais do paciente para o processo de cura. Apresenta as mais importantes linhas da Ética e da Bioética, dando destaque para o princípio de autonomia e o consentimento do paciente, bem como a relação entre o papel do médico e a ética. Discute a influência de aspectos psicológicos sobre o comportamento do homem em geral e, conseqüentemente, do médico, sugerindo assim uma busca do entendimento destes aspectos como caminho para o agir de forma ética. Analisa a noção de sentido de vida segundo Viktor E. Frankl, discutindo aspectos da relação médico-paciente e apontando fatores importantes que devem direcionar a atenção e o comportamento do médico. Apresenta os conceitos sobre responsabilidade, aponta-a como o principal alicerce para a ação ética e estabelece uma ponte entre responsabilidade e o que tem acontecido dentro da realidade médica no âmbito legal, especificamente em relação ao significado e ao impacto da responsabilidade civil sobre a atuação do médico. Aborda os principais aspectos sobre serviços, marketing de serviços e seus influenciadores, particularmente os que podem ser relacionados com a atividade do médico, apresentando o significado e impacto do marketing de relacionamento e o modelo de Morgan e Hunt (1994) baseados no compromisso e confiança. Apresenta os achados de duas pesquisas, sendo uma com médicos e outra com pacientes, sobre os diversos aspectos que envolvem o relacionamento médico-paciente. Resume e direciona sugestões de comportamento a ser observado pelo médico para um agir mais ético.

A confiança interorganizacional nas compras

This research is part of the field of organizational studies, focusing on organizational purchase behavior and, specifically, trust interorganizational at the purchases. This topic is current and relevant by addressing the development of good relations between buyer-supplier that increases the exchange of information, increases the length of relationship, reduces the hierarchical controls and improves performance. Furthermore, although there is a vast literature on trust, the scientific work that deal specifically at the trust interorganizational still need further research to synthesize and validate the variables that generate this phenomenon. In this sense, this investigation is to explain the antecedents of trust interorganizational by the relationship between the variable operational performance, organizational characteristics, shared values and interpersonal relationships on purchases by manufacturing industries, in order to develop a robust literature, most consensual, that includes the current sociological and economic, considering the effect of interpersonal relationships in this phenomenon. This proposal is configured in a new vision of the antecedents of interorganizational trust, described as significant quantitative from models Morgan and Hunt (1994), Doney and Cannon (1997), Zhao and Cavusgil (2006) and Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), as well as qualitative analysis of Tacconi et al. (2011). With regard to methodological aspects, the study assumes the form of a descriptive, survey type, and causal trace theoretical and empirical. As for his nature, the investigation, explicative character, has developed a quantitative approach with the use of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling SEM, with the use of IBM software SPSS Amos 18.0, using the method of maximum verisimilitude, and supported by technical bootstraping. The unit of analysis was the buyer-supplier relationship, in which the object under investigation was the supplier organization in view of the purchasing company. 237 valid questionnaires were collected among key informants, using a simple random sampling developed in manufacturing industries (SIC 10-33), located in the city of Natal and in the region of Natal. The first results of descriptive analysis demonstrate the phenomenon of interorganizational trust, in which purchasing firms believe, feel secure about the supplier. This demonstration showed high levels of intensity, predominantly among the vendors that supply the company with materials that are used directly in the production process. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, performed on each variable alone, generated a set of observable and unobservable variables more consistent, giving rise to a model, that needed to be further specified. This again specify model consists of trajectories was positive, with a good fit, with a composite reliability and variance extracted satisfactory, and demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity, in which the factor loadings are significant and strong explanatory power. Given the findings that reinforce the model again specify data, suggesting a high probability that this model may be more suited for the study population, the results support the explanation that interorganizational trust depends on purchases directly from interpersonal relationships, sharing value and operating performance and indirectly of personal relationships, social networks, organizational characteristics, physical and relational aspect of performance. It is concluded that this trust can be explained by a set of interactions between these three determinants, where the focus is on interpersonal relationships, with the largest path coefficient for the factor under study

Very Long Baseline Interferometry in Italy Wide-field VLBI imaging and astrometry and prospects for an Italian VLBI network including the Sardinia Radio Telescope

In this thesis the use of widefield imaging techniques and VLBI observations with a limited number of antennas are explored. I present techniques to efficiently and accurately image extremely large UV datasets. Very large VLBI datasets must be reduced into multiple, smaller datasets if today’s imaging algorithms are to be used to image them. I present a procedure for accurately shifting the phase centre of a visibility dataset. This procedure has been thoroughly tested and found to be almost two orders of magnitude more accurate than existing techniques. Errors have been found at the level of one part in 1.1 million. These are unlikely to be measurable except in the very largest UV datasets. Results of a four-station VLBI observation of a field containing multiple sources are presented. A 13 gigapixel image was constructed to search for sources across the entire primary beam of the array by generating over 700 smaller UV datasets. The source 1320+299A was detected and its astrometric position with respect to the calibrator J1329+3154 is presented. Various techniques for phase calibration and imaging across this field are explored including using the detected source as an in-beam calibrator and peeling of distant confusing sources from VLBI visibility datasets. A range of issues pertaining to wide-field VLBI have been explored including; parameterising the wide-field performance of VLBI arrays; estimating the sensitivity across the primary beam both for homogeneous and heterogeneous arrays; applying techniques such as mosaicing and primary beam correction to VLBI observations; quantifying the effects of time-average and bandwidth smearing; and calibration and imaging of wide-field VLBI datasets. The performance of a computer cluster at the Istituto di Radioastronomia in Bologna has been characterised with regard to its ability to correlate using the DiFX software correlator. Using existing software it was possible to characterise the network speed particularly for MPI applications. The capabilities of the DiFX software correlator, running on this cluster, were measured for a range of observation parameters and were shown to be commensurate with the generic performance parameters measured. The feasibility of an Italian VLBI array has been explored, with discussion of the infrastructure required, the performance of such an array, possible collaborations, and science which could be achieved. Results from a 22 GHz calibrator survey are also presented. 21 out of 33 sources were detected on a single baseline between two Italian antennas (Medicina to Noto). The results and discussions presented in this thesis suggest that wide-field VLBI is a technique whose time has finally come. Prospects for exciting new science are discussed in the final chapter.

THE LONG-TERM GROWTH OF NORMAL HUMAN B CELLS

The feasibility of establishment of continuously proliferating growth factor-dependent human B lymphocytes was investigated. Normal B lymphocytes prepared from peripheral venous blood were stimulated with a variety of known polyclonal B cell activators, in the continuous presence of various cytokine preparations. Continuously proliferating growth factor-dependent B cell populations were obtained from cultures activated with either insoluble anti-IgM ((mu)-chain specific), soluble anti-IgM, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowen I (SAC), or dextran sulphate (DxS), in the continuous presence of exogenously added growth factor preparations containing either IL-1, IL-2 and BCGF, or BCGF alone. Although growth factor-dependent B cell lines were obtained via all three methods of activation, the correlation of mode of activation and growth factor preparation proved to be critical. B cell lines could not be established with anti-(mu) activation in the presence of only BCGF; however, B cell lines were successfully obtained with SAC or DxS activation from those cultures continuously replenished with only BCGF. These cultured B lymphocyte populations were routinely maintained in logarithmic-phase growth in the presence of exogenously added growth factor, and exhibited a population doubling time of approximately 36 hours. They were shown to specifically absorb BCGF, suggesting the presence of membrane receptors for it. Also, these cultured B cells have been utilized for the development of a microassay for the assessment of a M(,r) 12,000-14,000 B cell growth factor activity that is accurate, sensitive, and precise. The pronounced sensitivity of this bioassay beyond that of the conventional peripheral blood B cell assay has aided in the purification to homogeneity of natural product extracellular BCGF (EC-BCGF), and in the determination of the nucleotide sequence for a gene coding for a protein exhibiting BCGF activity. Additionally, these B cell lines specifically absorb, and proliferate in the presence of, an affinity-purified M(,r) 60,000 trypsin-sensitive intracellular protein derived from freshly isolated human T lymphocytes, providing evidence for a putative intracellular precursor of EC-BCGF, or a novel high molecular weight BCGF species. ^

Element concentrations and Osmium, Platinum and Rhenium isotope ratios of ODP Site 153-920 abyssal peridotites

Abyssal peridotites are normally thought to be residues of melting of the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) source and are presumably a record of processes affecting the upper mantle. Samples from a single section of abyssal peridotite from the Kane Transform area in the Atlantic Ocean were examined for 190Pt-186Os and 187Re-187Os systematics. They have uniform 186Os/188Os ratios with a mean of 0.1198353 +/- 7, identical to the mean of 0.1198340 +/-12 for Os-Ir alloys and chromitites believed to be representative of the upper mantle. While the Pt/Os ratios of the upper mantle may be affected locally by magmatic processes, these data show that the Pt/Os ratio for the bulk upper mantle has not deviated by more than about +/- 30% from a chondritic Pt/Os ratio over 4.5 billion years. These observations are consistent with the addition of a chondritic late veneer after core separation as the primary control on the highly siderophile element budget of the terrestrial upper mantle. The 187Os/188Os of the samples range from 0.12267 to 0.12760 and correlate well with Pt and Pt/Os, but not Re/Os. These relationships may be explained by variable amounts of partial melting with changing D(Re), reflecting in part garnet in the residue, with a model-dependent melting age between about 600 and 1700 Ma. A model where the correlation between Pt/Os and 187Os/188Os results from multiple ancient melting events, in mantle peridotites that were later juxtaposed by convection, is also consistent with these data. This melting event or events are evidently unrelated to recent melting under mid-ocean ridges, because recent melting would have disturbed the relationship between Pt/Os and 187Os/188Os. Instead, this section of abyssal peridotite may be a block of refractory mantle that remained isolated from the convecting portions of the upper mantle for 600 Ma to >1 Ga. Alternatively, Pt and Os may have been sequestered during more recent melting and possibly melt/rock reaction processes, thereby preserving an ancient melting history. If representative of other abyssal peridotites, then the rocks from this suite with subchondritic 187Os/188Os are not simple residues of recent MORB source melting at ridges, but instead have a more complex history. This suite of variably depleted samples projects to an undepleted present-day Pt/Os of about 2.2 and 187Os/188Os of about 0.128-0.129, consistent with estimates for the primitive upper mantle.