Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Early Conceptual Sketch of Site Plan], untitled. Blue ink sketch on tracing paper, initialed, 12 x 28 1/2 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Early Conceptual Sketch of Site Plan], untitled. Green ink sketch on tracing paper, 12x23 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Blue ink sketch on tracing paper, 12 x 18 1/2 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Blue ink sketch on tracing paper, 12x13 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Blue and green ink sketch with yellow and green marker coloring on tracing paper, 18 x 20 1/4 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch of Structure], untitled. Blue ink sketch on tracing paper with notations, initialed, 12x16 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketches], untitled. Ink sketches on graph paper, 8 1/2 x 11 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketches], untitled. Ink sketches on graph paper, 8 1/2 x 11 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Facade Study], untitled. Blue ink sketch on tracing paper, 12 x 21 1/2 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Facade Study], untitled. Pencil and purple pencil drawing on vellum, 13 3/4 x 24 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Minnesota History Center Competition, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1984-1986 (unbuilt project)

[Facade Study and Section], untitled. Pencil and red pencil drawing on vellum, 17 1/4 x 23 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Speaking in Tongues: Translating Yiddish in the 20th Century, pt. 3

Writing in Tongues examines the complexities of translating Yiddish literature at a time when the Yiddish language is in decline. After the Holocaust, Soviet repression, and American assimilation, the survival of traditional Yiddish literature depends on translation, yet a few Yiddish classics have been translated repeatedly while many others have been ignored. Anita Norich traces historical and aesthetic shifts through versions of these canonical texts, and she argues that these works and their translations form an enlightening conversation about Jewish history and identity.

The pathogenesis of migraine - 17th to early 20th Century understandings

The modern understanding of the pathogenesis of migraine, based on the concept that it is a neurovascular disorder, is often thought to have emerged from the work of Harold Wolff in the period 1932-1962. However, over the preceding 300 years, from William Harvey onwards, various hypotheses of the pathogenesis of migraine had been proposed, a few bearing reasonably strong resemblances to Wolff's ideas, though based on less adequate evidence. Many of these earlier hypotheses regarded migraine either primarily as a vascular (e.g., Willis, Wepfer, Latham) or as a neural disorder (e.g., Harvey, Lieving and his 'nerve storms'). There were also variations around these two major themes and in the 19th Century a number of neurovascufar type hypotheses emerged assigning a major role in migraine pathogenesis to the autonomic nervous system. In addition, during the three centuries there were a number of other hypotheses based on different postulated pathogenic mechanisms, some quite ingenious, which had relatively brief vogues. No hypothesis has yet proved capable of explaining all the features of migraine satisfactorily. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The imaging of Samoa in illustrated magazines and serial encyclopedias in the early 20th-century

Drawing on English language sources and material relating to the colonial administrations of Western Samoa (now Samoa) and American Samoa, this examination of photographically illustrated serial encyclopaedias and magazines proposes an alternative historical analysis of the colonial imaging of Samoa, the most extensively covered field in Oceanic photographic studies. Though photographs published between 1890s and World War II were often 'recycled', without acknowledging the fact that they were taken much earlier, and despite claims in the text of illustrated publications of an unchanged, enduring, archaic tradition in Samoa, the amazing variety of photographic content often offered contradictory evidence, depicting a modern, adaptive and progressive Samoa. Contrary to orthodox historical analysis, the images of Samoa in illustrated magazines and encyclopaedias were not limited to a small repetitive gallery of partially clothed women and costumed chiefs; and the ways in which readers understood Samoa from photographs and text raises questions still to be explored.