93 resultados para Mineur


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Unfigured bass realized for harpsichord.

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Unfigured bass realized for keyboard instrument.

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Orchestra part arranged for piano.

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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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A presente tese de doutorado propõe-se a investigar o lúdico como um ingrediente das situações de trabalho. Tem-se como referência teórica os materiais oriundos da Ergologia e das abordagens clinicas sobre trabalho: Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e Clinica da Atividade. Os autores pesquisados concordam que independentemente de época histórica, cultura e classe social, jogar e brincar fazem parte da vida da criança, onde real e imaginário se confundem. O jogo constitui uma função tão fundamental para a humanidade quanto a razão e a fabricação de objetos. A cultura possui um caráter essencialmente lúdico; é no jogo e pelo jogo que a civilização surge e se desenvolve. O brincar é uma atividade humana universal, própria da saúde, fundamento de todo o viver criativo, assim como da arte e da cultura. O próprio homem medieval é muito sensível ao lúdico e convive a cada instante com o riso e com a brincadeira. O foco desta pesquisa foi uma aproximação à realidade do trabalho de alguns integrantes de um Programa Adolescente Trabalhador, com idade entre 14 e 18 anos. O campo empírico foi a Gerência Regional de Logística do Banco do Brasil, situada no bairro do Andaraí, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Sete adolescentes participaram da Comunidade Ampliada de Pesquisa. O trabalho de campo foi norteado pela preocupação em evitar a supremacia do saber científico em relação a saberes advindos da prática. Este trabalho de pesquisa não se propôs a pesquisar a realidade de trabalho dos menores, mas investigar os movimentos discursivos produzidos nos Encontros desta Comunidade de Pesquisa. Conforme a abordagem da Clínica da Atividade chama-se à atenção para vários impedimentos da emergência da dimensão lúdica em função dos constrangimentos da organização do trabalho. Por fim, questiona-se que modos de gestão olham para a realidade e o real do trabalho e da atividade, aceitando o lúdico como foco analítico, incorporando essa reserva de alternativa, investigando toda uma riqueza aí potencialmente presente e desconhecida.

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Anthropogenic changes to climate and extreme weather events have already led to the introduction of non-native species (NNS) to the North Atlantic. Regional climate models predict that there will be a continuation of the current trend of warming throughout the 21st century providing enhanced opportunities for NNS at each stage of the invasion process. Increasing evidence is now available to show that climate change has led to the northwards range expansion of a number of NNS in the UK and Ireland, such as the Asian club tunicate Styela clava and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Providing definitive evidence though of the direct linkage between climate change and the spread of the majority of NNS is extremely challenging, due to other confounding factors, such as anthropogenic activity. Localised patterns of water movement and food supply may also be complicating the overall pattern of northwards range expansion, by preventing the expansion of some NNS, such as the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata and the Chilean oyster Ostrea chilensis, from a particular region. A greater understanding of the other aspects of climate change and increased atmospheric CO2, such as increased rainfall, heat waves, frequency of storm events, and ocean acidification may aid in increasing the confidence that scientists have in predicting the long term influence of climate change on the introduction, spread and establishment of NNS.

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Understanding how invasive species spread is of particular concern in the current era of globalisation and rapid environmental change. The occurrence of super-diffusive movements within the context of Lévy flights has been discussed with respect to particle physics, human movements, microzooplankton, disease spread in global epidemiology and animal foraging behaviour. Super-diffusive movements provide a theoretical explanation for the rapid spread of organisms and disease, but their applicability to empirical data on the historic spread of organisms has rarely been tested. This study focuses on the role of long-distance dispersal in the invasion dynamics of aquatic invasive species across three contrasting areas and spatial scales: open ocean (north-east Atlantic), enclosed sea (Mediterranean) and an island environment (Ireland). Study species included five freshwater plant species, Azolla filiculoides, Elodea canadensis, Lagarosiphon major, Elodea nuttallii and Lemna minuta; and ten species of marine algae, Asparagopsis armata, Antithamnionella elegans, Antithamnionella ternifolia, Codium fragile, Colpomenia peregrina, Caulerpa taxifolia, Dasysiphonia sp., Sargassum muticum, Undaria pinnatifida and Womersleyella setacea. A simulation model is constructed to show the validity of using historical data to reconstruct dispersal kernels. Lévy movement patterns similar to those previously observed in humans and wild animals are evident in the re-constructed dispersal pattern of invasive aquatic species. Such patterns may be widespread among invasive species and could be exacerbated by further development of trade networks, human travel and environmental change. These findings have implications for our ability to predict and manage future invasions, and improve our understanding of the potential for spread of organisms including infectious diseases, plant pests and genetically modified organisms.

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Introduction of non-indigenous species can alter marine communities and ecosystems. In shellfish farming, transfer of livestock, especially oysters, is a common practice and potentially constitutes a pathway for non-indigenous introductions. Many species of seaweeds are believed to have been accidentally introduced in association with these transfers, but there is little direct evidence.

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It has traditionally been considered that areas with high natural species richness are likely to be more resistant to non-indigenous species than those with lower numbers of species. However, this theory has been the subject of a debate over the last decade, since some studies have shown the opposite trend. In the present study, a macroalgal survey was carried out at 24 localities in Northern Ireland and southern England, using a quadrat approach in the lower littoral. The two opposing hypotheses were tested (negative versus positive relationship between native and non-indigenous species richness) in this marine environment. The effect of the presence of 'impacts', potential sources of disturbance and species introduction (e.g. marina, harbour or aquaculture), was also tested. A positive relationship was found between the number of non-indigenous species and the native species richness at the three different scales tested (quadrats, sites and localities). At no scale did a richer native assemblage appear to restrict the establishment of introduced species. The analyses revealed greater species richness and different community composition, as well as more non-indigenous species, in southern England relative to Northern Ireland. The presence of the considered impacts had an effect on the community composition and species richness in southern England but not in Northern Ireland. Such impacts had no effect on the non-indigenous species richness in either area.