Susceptibility of laboratory-reared female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) to infection by different species and strains of Leishmania Ross, 1903

A study was undertaken to compare the susceptibility of laboratory-reared female Lutzomyia longipalpis to infection by different species or strains of New World Leishmania. The sand flies proved to be highly susceptible to infection by a strain of Le. guyanensis, with flagellates developing in all (18/18) of the specimens examined. A lower infection rate of 37 per cents (10/27) was recorded in flies exposed to infection by a strain of Le. amazonensis. Flagellates developed in 13 per cents (6/46) of the sand flies that glood fed on dogs in the earlly stage of experimental infection with an old laboratory strain of Le. chagasi. In contrast, promastigotes did not develop in sand flies that blood fed on dogs with naturally acquired Le. chagasi. The naturally infected dogas were in an advanced stage of disease. Flagellates developed in 9// (3/32) of the sand flies that blood fed on lesions of hamsters infected with a strain of Le. braziliensis and in 9 per cents (3/34) of those that fed on hamsters with lesions due to a parasite fo the mexicana complex (strain MHOM/BR/73/BH121). Sand flies did not develop flagellate infections after blood feeding on hamsters bearing lesions induced by strain MHOM/BR/71/BR49. Factors influencing the susceptibility of Lu. longipalpis to infection by New World species of Leishmania are discussed.

Treatment of congenital aortic valve stenosis: impact of the Ross operation.

GOAL: To evaluate the impact of the Ross operation, recently (1997) introduced in our unit, for the treatment of patients with congenital aortic valve stenosis. METHODS: The period from January 1997 to December 2000 was compared with the previous 5 years (1992-96). Thirty-seven children (< 16 yrs) and 49 young adults (16-50 yrs) with congenital aortic valve stenosis underwent one of these treatments: percutaneous balloon dilatation (PBD), aortic valve commissurotomy, aortic valve replacement and the Ross operation. The Ross operation was performed in 16 patients, mean age 24.5 yrs (range 9-46 yrs) with a bicuspid stenotic aortic valve, 7/10 adults with calcifications, 2/10 adults with previous aortic valve commissurotomy, 4/6 children with aortic regurgitation following PBD, and 1/6 children who had had a previous aortic valve replacement with a prosthetic valve and aortic root enlargement. RESULTS: PBD was followed by death in two neonates (fibroelastosis); all other children survived PBD. Although there were no deaths, PBD in adults was recently abandoned, owing to unfavourable results. Aortic valve commissurotomy showed good results in children (no deaths). Aortic valve replacement, although associated with good results (no deaths), has been recently abandoned in children in favour of the Ross operation. Over a mean follow-up of 16 months (2-40 months) all patients are asymptomatic following Ross operation, with no echocardiographic evidence of aortic valve regurgitation in 10/16 patients and with trivial regurgitation in 6/16 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The approach now for children and young adults with congenital aortic valve stenosis should be as follows: (1) PBD is the first choice in neonates and infants; (2) Aortic valve commissurotomy is the first choice for children, neonates and infants after failed PBD; (3) The Ross operation is increasingly used in children after failed PBD and in young adults, even with a calcified aortic valve.

The development of species of Leishmania Ross, 1903 in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912)

The development of four isolates of Leishmania from foci of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied in Lutzomyia longipalpis. The suggestion that the differences in the development of the Leishmania in the invertebrate host are of great taxonomic significance was confirmed. The pattern of development of three strains was typical of parasites of the subgenus Leishmania, the other was similar to Leishmania of the subgenus Viannia. The identification of the strains using other criteria is in agreement with biological characterization. The results show that the morphological and morphometric study of promastigotes do not clearly define the taxonomic position of the parasites but other studies are needed to confirm this.

20/7/19, traversée de Paris à la nage, arrivée de [Norman] Ross, Américain [vainqueur] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 55077

Ross procedure: is the root replacement technique superior to the sub-coronary implantation technique? Long-term results.

There is controversy over the use of the Ross procedure with regard to the sub-coronary and root replacement technique and its long-term durability. A systematic review of the literature may provide insight into the outcomes of these two surgical subvariants. A systematic review of reports between 1967 and February 2013 on sub-coronary and root replacement Ross procedures was undertaken. Twenty-four articles were included and divided into (i) sub-coronary technique and (ii) root replacement technique. The 10-year survival rate for a mixed-patient population in the sub-coronary procedure was 87.3% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 79.7-93.4 and 89.1% (95% CI, 85.3-92.1) in the root replacement technique category. For adults, it was 94 vs 95.3% (CI, 88.9-98.1) and in the paediatric series it was 90 vs 92.7% (CI, 86.9-96.0), respectively. Freedom from reoperation at 10 years was, in the mixed population, 83.3% (95% CI, 69.9-93.4) and 93.3% (95% CI, 89.4-95.9) for sub-coronary versus root replacement technique, respectively. In adults, it was 98 vs 91.2% (95% CI, 82.4-295.8), and in the paediatric series 93.3 vs 92.0% (95% CI, 86.1-96.5) for sub-coronary versus root replacement technique, respectively. The Ross procedure arguably has satisfactory results over 5 and 10 years for both adults and children. The results do not support the advantages of the sub-coronary technique over the root replacement technique. Root replacement was of benefit to patients undergoing reoperations on neoaorta and for long-term survival in mixed series.

Walter Ross [boxeur anglais, s'entraînant salle Cré, rue Rodier, à Paris] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57121

Korkokäyrän mallintaminen: tarkastelussa Cox-Ingersoll-Ross -malli

Korot ovat erittäin tärkeässä osassa kaikessa taloudellisessa toiminnassa ja tästä syystä niiden kehitystä seurataan mielenkiinnolla. Yksi keino korkojen kehityksen tutkimiseen on rahoitusmarkkinoilla havaittavan korkokäyrän tarkastelu. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on tarkastella Cox-Ingersoll-Ross-mallin soveltuvuutta korkokäyrän empiriseen mallintamiseen. Tässä tutkielmassa Cox-Ingersoll-Ross-malli estimoidaan pienimmän neliösumman – ja suurimman uskottavuuden –menetelmillä. Tutkimuksen datana käytetään 3 kuukauden euribor-korkojen ja Saksan valtion 3 kuukauden mittaisen joukkolainan päivätason tuottoja kolmelta eri vuoden mittaiselta periodilta. Mallin avulla estimoituja korkokäyriä verrataan samojen periodien lopussa rahoitusmarkkinoilla realisoituneisiin korkokäyriin. Estimoinnin tulosten perusteella Cox-Ingersoll- Ross-malli ei sovi varauksitta korkokäyrän mallintamiseen. Pienimmän neliösumman –menetelmän diagnostisista tarkastuksista käy ilmi, että menetelmä ei ole sopiva mallin estimoimiseen. Suurimman uskottavuuden –estimoinnin avulla estimoidut korkokäyrät eroavat kaikissa paitsi yhdessä tapauksessa melko selvästi realisoituneista korkokäyristä. Tutkielman tuloksissa on selviä yhtymäkohtia aiempien empiristen tutkimusten tuloksiin. Varsinkin mallin odotusarvohakuisuutta (mean reversion) kuvaavan parametrin estimoinnissa ilmenee epävarmuutta, mikä vaikuttaa koko mallin toimintaan. Sama tulos ilmenee myös aiemmista tutkimuksista, osassa jopa kyseenalaistetaan koko ilmiön olemassaolo. Tutkielman tuloksista voidaan päätellä, että yhden muuttujan Cox-Ingersoll-Ross-malli ei varauksitta sovellu korkokäyrän empiriseen mallintamiseen. Todennäköisiä syitä tähän ovat mallin tekemät epärealistiset taustaoletukset sekä se, että tarkasteluperiodien aikana Eurooppa kärsi velkakriisistä, mikä kevensi Euroopan keskuspankin rahapolitiikkaa ja alensi korkotasoa. Tämä seikka vaikuttaa eri periodien tulosten vertailukelpoisuuteen. Tutkielman johtopäätöksenä on, että yhden muuttujan mallien sijaan korkokäyrän mallintamisessa tulisi keskittyä 3 muuttujan malleihin. Tällöin jokaiselle korkokäyrän elementille: taso, kulmakerroin ja konveksisuus saataisiin oma muuttujansa. Tämä helpottaisi myös korkokäyrän volatiliteetin mallintamisessa, mikä osoittautuu ongelmalliseksi vain yhtä muuttujaa käytettäessä.

Dissertatio academica Davidem regem hypnopsychitis non favere, demonstrans, contra Heinium ex occasione psalm. VI. Quam, consentiente ampliss. facult. philosoph. in regio ad Auram lycaeo, suffultus praesidio viri maxime reverendi atque celeberrimi d:ni Isaaci Ross, s. s. l. l. profess. reg. & ord. fac. phil. h. t. decani maxime spectabilis pro consequendis honoribus academicis publico examini modeste submittit Arvid Favorin, Nic. fil. Satacundensis, in aud. majori die XXII. Decembr. anni MDCCLIX. h. a. m. s

Invokaatio: J.M.G.