Novel Features of the Prenatal Horn Bud Development in Cattle (Bos taurus).

Whereas the genetic background of horn growth in cattle has been studied extensively, little is known about the morphological changes in the developing fetal horn bud. In this study we histologically analyzed the development of horn buds of bovine fetuses between ~70 and ~268 days of pregnancy and compared them with biopsies taken from the frontal skin of the same fetuses. In addition we compared the samples from the wild type (horned) fetuses with samples taken from the horn bud region of age-matched genetically hornless (polled) fetuses. In summary, the horn bud with multiple layers of vacuolated keratinocytes is histologically visible early in fetal life already at around day 70 of gestation and can be easily differentiated from the much thinner epidermis of the frontal skin. However, at the gestation day (gd) 212 the epidermis above the horn bud shows a similar morphology to the epidermis of the frontal skin and the outstanding layers of vacuolated keratinocytes have disappeared. Immature hair follicles are seen in the frontal skin at gd 115 whereas hair follicles below the horn bud are not present until gd 155. Interestingly, thick nerve bundles appear in the dermis below the horn bud at gd 115. These nerve fibers grow in size over time and are prominent shortly before birth. Prominent nerve bundles are not present in the frontal skin of wild type or in polled fetuses at any time, indicating that the horn bud is a very sensitive area. The samples from the horn bud region from polled fetuses are histologically equivalent to samples taken from the frontal skin in horned species. This is the first study that presents unique histological data on bovine prenatal horn bud differentiation at different developmental stages which creates knowledge for a better understanding of recent molecular findings.

Rho1p-Bni1p-Spa2p Interactions: Implication in Localization of Bni1p at the Bud Site and Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rho1p is a yeast homolog of mammalian RhoA small GTP-binding protein. Rho1p is localized at the growth sites and required for bud formation. We have recently shown that Bni1p is a potential target of Rho1p and that Bni1p regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with profilin, an actin monomer-binding protein. Using the yeast two-hybrid screening system, we cloned a gene encoding a protein that interacted with Bni1p. This protein, Spa2p, was known to be localized at the bud tip and to be implicated in the establishment of cell polarity. The C-terminal 254 amino acid region of Spa2p, Spa2p(1213–1466), directly bound to a 162-amino acid region of Bni1p, Bni1p(826–987). Genetic analyses revealed that both the bni1 and spa2 mutations showed synthetic lethal interactions with mutations in the genes encoding components of the Pkc1p-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, in which Pkc1p is another target of Rho1p. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis showed that Bni1p was localized at the bud tip in wild-type cells. However, in the spa2 mutant, Bni1p was not localized at the bud tip and instead localized diffusely in the cytoplasm. A mutant Bni1p, which lacked the Rho1p-binding region, also failed to be localized at the bud tip. These results indicate that both Rho1p and Spa2p are involved in the localization of Bni1p at the growth sites where Rho1p regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through Bni1p.

The ricinosomes of senescing plant tissue bud from the endoplasmic reticulum

The ricinosome (synonym, precursor protease vesicle) is a novel organelle, found so far exclusively in plant cells. Electron microscopic studies suggest that it buds off from the endoplasmic reticulum in senescing tissues. Biochemical support for this unusual origin now comes from the composition of the purified organelle, which contains large amounts of a 45-kDa cysteine endoprotease precursor with a C-terminal KDEL motif and the endoplasmic reticulum lumen residents BiP (binding protein) and protein disulfide isomerase. Western blot analysis, peptide sequencing, and mass spectrometry demonstrate retention of KDEL in the protease proform. Acidification of isolated ricinosomes causes castor bean cysteine endopeptidase activation, with cleavage of the N-terminal propeptide and the C-terminal KDEL motif. We propose that ricinosomes accumulate during senescence by programmed cell death and are activated by release of protons from acidic vacuoles.

Budūr al-ḍāwīyah fī al-taʻrīf bi-al-sādāt ahl al-Zāwiyah al-Dilāʼīyah : manuscript, undated

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وصلى الله على سيدنا ومولانا محمد وآله حدايق الازهار النددية في التعريف باهل الزاوية ... :Incipit

Ectopic Meis1 expression in the mouse limb bud alters P-D patterning in a Pbx1-independent manner

During limb development, expression of the TALE homeobox transcription factor Meis1 is activated by retinoic acid in the proximal-most limb bud regions, which give rise to the upper forelimb and hindlimb. Early subdivision of the limb bud into proximal Meis-positive and distal Meis-negative domains is necessary for correct proximo-distal (P-D) limb development in the chick, since ectopic Meis1 overexpression abolishes distal limb structures, produces a proximal shift of limb identities along the P-D axis, and proximalizes distal limb cell affinity properties. To determine whether Meis activity is also required for P-D limb specification in mammals, we generated transgenic mice ectopically expressing Meis1 in the distal limb mesenchyme under the control of the Msx2 promoter. Msx2:Meis1 transgenic mice display altered P-D patterning and shifted P-D Hox gene expression domains, similar to those previously described for the chicken. Meis proteins function in cooperation with PBX factors, another TALE homeodomain subfamily. Meis-Pbx interaction is required for nuclear localization of both proteins in cell culture, and is important for their DNA-binding and transactivation efficiency. During limb development, Pbx1 nuclear expression correlates with the Meis expression domain, and Pbx1 has been proposed as the main Meis partner in this context; however, we found that Pbx1 deficiency did not modify the limb phenotype of Msx2:Meis1 mice. Our results indicate a conserved role of Meis activity in P-D specification of the tetrapod limb and suggest that Pbx function in this context is either not required or is provided by partners other than Pbx1.

1980 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: Coach Bud Middaugh, Scott Elam, Steve Ontiveros, Jaime Vela, Mickey Kazmeirski, Scott Dawson, trainer Pete Loubert,

4th Row: ground crew Leon Tweedy, Chris Shea, Fred Erdman Garry Gawrych, Tony Evans, Dan Sygar, Jeff Jacobson, equip. mngr. Adam White

3rd Row: mngr. Mike Thompson, Greg Schulte, Tim Karazin; Jim Paciorek, Tom Fredal, Charlie Arvai

2nd Row: asst. coach Dave Hall, Tim Miller, Randy Wroten, Mark Clinton, Gerry Hool, Joe Wissing

Front Row: Dave Nuss, Chuck Wagner, Sherm Stenson, Chris Kalis, George Foussaines, Pat Balaze

1981 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: stud. mngr. Charlie Peck, Dave Stober, Chris Sabo, Greg Schulte, Jim Bartlett, Chuck Froning, Dan Sygar, Rich Stoll, Jim Price, stud. mngr. Chris Jaksa

Middle Row: asst. coach Danny Hall, asst. coach Terry Hunter, Bill Shuta, Gary Wayne, Dave Knopf, Scot Elam, Rich Bair, Jeff Jacobson, Tony Evans, Steve Ontiveros, coach Bud Middaugh

Front Row: equip. mngr. Adam White, Jim Paciorek, Vic Ray, Mark Clinton, Tim Miller, Gerry Hool, Randy Wroten, Joe Wissing, John Young, Fred Erdman, trainer Rex Thompson,

1982 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: Mike Dadabbo, Jim Price, Matt Ruud, Mike McClear, Chuck Froning, Scott Young, C.J. Beske, Jeff Minick, Rich Stoll, Chris Jaksa

Middle Row: asst. coach Danny Hall, Chris Sabo, Bill Shuta, Rich Bair, John Clem, Dave Knopf, Ken Hayward, Jaime Vela, grad asst. Gary Murphy, coach Bud Middaugh

Front Row: equip. mngr. Adam White, Dan Sygar, Steve Ontiveros, Tim Karazin, Dave Stober, Greg Schulte, Jim Paciorek, John Young, Jeff Jacobson, Tony Evans, Fred Erdman, trainer Rex Thompson,

1983 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: trainer Rex Thompson, C.J. Beshke, Christopher Gust, Eric Sanders, Barry Larkin, John Codere, Derek Kerr, Dale Sklar, Jeff Minick, Mark Dadabbo, asst. trainer Bill Quinn

Middle Row: coach Bud Middaugh, grad. asst. Gary Murphy, groundskeeper Willis Parrott, Dan Disher, Casey Close, Jamie Piper, Kenneth Hayward, Michael Watters, Scott Kamienicki, Kurt Zimmerman, grad asst. John Young, asst. coach Danny Hall, equip. mngr. Tom Sears

Front Row: mngr. Chris Jaksa, Richard Bair, Gary Wayne, David Knopf, Daniel Sygar, Frederick Erdman, Jeffrey Jacobson, Timothy Karazim, Richard Stoll, Charles Froning, William Shuta, Chris Sabo

1984 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: Dave Karasinski, Paul Wenson, Mike Betz, Jon Wood, Jerry Wolf, Paul Kasper, Kevin Gilles, Hal Morris, John Grettenberger, Buddy Dodge, Rob Huffman, Matt Siuda

Middle Row: equip. mngr. Jim Neidert, asst. coach Gary Murphy, Chris Gust, Barry Larkin, Eric Sanders, Casey Close, Mike Watters, Dan Disher, Kurt Zimmerman, Scott Kamieniecki, Derek Kerr, grad. Asst. John Young, trainer Rex Thompson

Front Row: asst. coach Danny Hall, Randy Wolfe, Jeff Minick, Bill Shuta, Rick Bair, Chuck Froning, Gary Wayne, Ken Hayward, C.J. Beshke, coach Bud Middaugh

1986 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: equip mngr. Dave Marich, student trainer Brian Goike, Darrin Campbell, Steve Finken, Kourtney Thompson, Tom Brook, Russ Rein, Doug Kaiser, Mike Ignasiak, Jim Durham, asst. coach Gregg Pelka

Middle Row: coach Bud Middaugh, Eddie Woodwine, Mike Gillette, John Grettenberger, Chris Lutz, Kevin Gilles, Jim Abbott, Jerry Wolf, Jeff Kiel, Bill St. Peter, asst. coach Danny Hall, asst. coach John Young

Front Row: Paul Wenson, Dave Karasinski, Matt Siuda, Derek Kerr, Kurt Zimmerman, Casey Close, Chris Gust, Scott Kamieniecki, Dan Disher, Hal Morris, Greg Everson

1987 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: Jim Agemy, Chuck Froning, Ross Powell, Rich Samplinski, Ron Wolf, Chris Starr, Rick Hassel, Doug Kaiser, Jim Durham, Chris Gagin, trainer Rex Thompson?

Middle Row: ass't coach John Young, Kourtney Thompson, Kevin Gilles, Mike Grimes, Dave Peralta, ass't coach Terry Hunter, John Ansted, Greg McMurtry, Tim Lata, Rick Leonard, Sean LaFountaine, Phil Price, ass't coach Danny Hall, head coach Bud Middaugh

Front Row: Chris Lutz, Mike Gillette, Mike Ignasiak, Eddie Woolwine, John Grettenberger, Greg Everson, Steve Finken, Tom Brock, Bill St. Peter, Darrin Campbell, Jim Abbott

1988 University of Michigan Baseball Team

Top Row: ?, John Ansted, Chris Gagin, Doug Kaiser, Ross Powell, ?, Dan Ruff, Stacy Katlin, Matt Morse, Ass't coach Ted Mahan, trainer Rex Thompson, ?

Middle Row: ?, ass't coach John Young, Kourtney Thompson, Mike Grimes, Greg Haeger, Jeff Tanderys, John Locker?, Tim Lata, Chris Starr, Phil Price, Rich Samplinski, ass't coach Chuck Froning, head coach Bud Middaugh

Front Row: Dave Peralta, Chris Lutz, Mike Gillette, Rick Leonard, Tom Brock, Steve Finken, Mike Ignasiak, Eddie Woolwine, Bill St. Peter, Darrin Campbell, Jim Abbott, Jim Durham