Achievements of the FIGO Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences in South-Southeast Asia.

Since 2008, the FIGO Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences has contributed to ensuring the substitution of sharp curettage by manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and medical abortion in selected hospitals in participating countries of South-Southeast Asia. This initiative facilitated the registration of misoprostol in Pakistan and Bangladesh, and the approval of mifepristone for "menstrual regulation" in Bangladesh. The Pakistan Nursing Council agreed to include MVA and medical abortion in the midwifery curriculum. The Bangladesh Government has approved the training of nurses and paramedics in the use of MVA to treat incomplete abortion in selected cases. The Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, in collaboration with partners, has presented a draft petition to the relevant authorities appealing for them to liberalize the abortion law in cases of rape and incest or when lethal congenital abnormalities are present. Significantly, the initiative has introduced or strengthened the provision of postabortion contraception.

Association between intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) and clinicopathologic features in endometrial cancer: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer significantly decreases survival rate. Few data on the influence of intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) on survival in endometrial cancer are available. Our aim was to assess the intratumoral LMVD of endometrial carcinomas and to investigate its association with classical pathological factors, lymph node metastasis and survival. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with endometrial carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2008 underwent complete surgical staging and evaluation of intratumoral LMVD and other histologic variables. Lymphatic microvessels were identified by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody against human podoplanin (clone D2-40) and evaluated by counting the number of immunostained lymphatic vessels in 10 hot spot areas at 400x magnification. The LMVD was expressed by the mean number of vessels in these 10 hot spot microscopic fields. We next investigated the association of LMVD with the clinicopathologic findings and prognosis. Results: The mean number of lymphatic vessels counted in all cases ranged between 0 and 4.7. The median value of mean LMVD was 0.5, and defined the cut-off for low and high LMVD. We identified low intratumoral LMVD in 27 (47.4%) patients and high LMVD in 30 (52.6%) patients. High intratumoral LMVD was associated with lesser miometrial and adnaexal infiltration, lesser cervical and peritoneal involvement, and fewer fatal cases. Although there was lower lymph node involvement among cases with high LMVD, the difference did not reach significance. No association was seen between LMVD and FIGO staging, histological type, or vascular invasion. On the other hand, low intratumoral LMVD was associated with poor outcome. Seventy-five percent of deaths occurred in patients with low intratumoral LMVD. Conclusion: Our results show association of high intratumoral LMVD with features related to more localized disease and better outcome. We discuss the role of lymphangiogenesis as an early event in the endometrial carcinogenesis.

Identification of fructooligosaccharides in different banana cultivars

Banana has been currently indicated as a good source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which are considered to be functional components of foods. However, significant differences in their amounts in bananas have been observed in the literature. This work aims to identify and quantify FOS during ripening in different banana cultivars belonging to the most common genomic groups cultivated in Brazil. Considering that these differences can be due to cultivar, stage of ripening, and the methodologies used for FOS analyses, sugar contents were analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An initial screening of eight cultivars (Ouro, Nanicao, Prata, Maca, Mysore, Pacovan, Terra, and Figo) in a full-ripe stage showed that 1-kestose, the first member of the FOS series (amounts between 297 and 1600 mu g/g of DM), was accumulated in all of them. Nystose, the second member, was detected only in Prata cultivar. Five of the cultivars were analyzed during ripening, and a strong correlation could be established with a specific sucrose level (similar to 200 mg/g of DM), which seems to trigger the synthesis of 1-kestose (the low amounts of FOS, below the functional recommended dose, indicates that banana cannot be considered a good source of FOS).

Treatment for low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease: Comparison of single-agent methotrexate, dactinomycin and combination regimens

Objectives. To compare the efficacy of three different standard chemotherapy regimens for low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease according to the FIGO staging system in a single-institute setting. Methods. From 1980 until 2002, we retrospectively reviewed 108 cases with low-risk persistent gestational trophoblastic disease who were treated with first-line chemotherapy. Patients were divided in three groups according to chemotherapy regimen: patients treated with methotrexate (MTX group; n=42), patients treated with dactinomycin (ACT group; n=42) and patients treated with methotrexate and dactinomycin in combination (MACT group; n=24). We compared the number of chemotherapy courses for achieving remission, the duration of treatment, the adverse side effects, the efficacy of the treatment and the need for performing a hysterectomy among the groups Results. The complete remission rates were 69%, 61.4% and 79.1% for methotrexate (MTX), dactinomycin (ACT) and the combination regimen (MACT) treated groups, respectively (p=0.7). The duration of the treatment and the number of chemotherapy courses were similar among the groups (p = 0.2 and p = 0.4, respectively). Adverse side effects rate was reported to be 62.5% in the MACT group, 28.6% in the MTX group and 19.1% in the ACT group (p=0.0003). Second-line chemotherapy was indicated for 30 patients. Hysterectomy was performed in 21 patients overall, and there was no difference among the groups (P=0.6). Conclusion. Our analysis indicates that single-agent chemotherapy regimens are as effective as combination chemotherapy for low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease. Dactinomycin is a less toxic drug and might offer the best cost-effective treatment option. Methotrexate must be considered as the regimen of choice for low resource areas because of the feasibility of its administration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Peritoneal cytology: impact on disease-free survival in clinical stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus

The prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial carcinoma has led to the incorporation of peritoneal cytology into the current FIGO staging system, While cytology was shown to be prognostically relevant in patients with stage II and III disease, conflicting data exists about its significance in patients who would have been stage I but were classified as stage III solely and exclusively on the basis of positive peritoneal cytology (clinical stage I). Analysis was based on the data of 369 consecutive patients with clinical stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Standard treatment consisted of an abdominal total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic lymph node dissection. Peritoneal cytology was obtained at laparotomy by peritoneal washing of the pouch of Douglas and was considered positive if malignant cells could be detected regardless of the number of malignant cells present. Disease-free survival (DFS) was considered the primary statistical endpoint. In 13/369 (3.5%) patients, positive peritoneal cytology was found. The median follow-up was 29 months and 15 recurrences occurred. Peritoneal cytology was independent of the depth of myometrial invasion and the grade of tumour differentiation, Patients with negative washings had a DFS of 96'7e at 36 months compared with 67% for patients with positive washings (log-rank P < 0.001). The presence of positive peritoneal cytology in patients with clinically stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is considered an adverse prognostic factor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Controle da ferrugem e da broca-dos-ramos da figueira com diferentes fungicidas e inseticidas

Temperaturas e precipita&#231;&#245;es elevadas favorecem a incid&#234;ncia da ferrugem (Cerotelium fici(Cast.)) e da broca-dos-ramos (Azochis gripusalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)), limitando a produ&#231;&#227;o comercial de figos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a efici&#234;ncia de fungicidas e inseticidas alternativos em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; de produtos convencionais registrados para a cultura. Foram realizados dois experimentos, no delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repeti&#231;&#245;es, no setor de fruticultura da Universidade Tecnol&#243;gica Federal do Paran&#225;, Campus Dois Vizinhos. Para controle da ferrugem, foram utilizados, em 100 L de &#225;gua, azoxistrobin (10 g), calda bordalesa (1.500 g de cal virgem + 1.500 g de sulfato de cobre) e testemunha (&#225;gua). No controle da broca-dos-ramos utilizaram-se, em 100 L de &#225;gua, azadiractina (1.000 mL P.C.), alho (Allium sativum L.) (100 mL P.C.), cinza (20.000 g), extrato de fumo (nicotina) (10.000 mL do preparado), deltametrina (50 mL P.C.), Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (100 g P.C.), rotenona (1.000 mL P.C.), sab&#227;o de coco (1.000 g) e testemunha (&#225;gua). A calda bordalesa foi o tratamento mais efetivo no controle da ferrugem, promovendo aumento da produtividade e da qualidade dos frutos. A deltametrina promoveu o melhor controle da broca-dos-ramos da figueira. Entre os produtos alternativos testados, o alho foi o mais efetivo no controle dessa praga.

Prevalência e Factores de Risco para Síndrome Látex-Frutos em Doentes com Alergia ao Látex

A associação de alergia ao látex e alergia alimentar a frutos e outros vegetais com reactividade cruzada com látex é denominada síndrome látex-frutos (SLF). Não existem estudos que avaliem factores de risco para SLF em doentes alérgicos ao látex, nomeadamente incluindo diferentes grupos populacionais de risco. Objectivo: Investigar a prevalência e factores de risco para SLF. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 61 doentes alérgicos ao látex, com média etária de 25.9 (±16.6) anos e relação sexo M/F de 0.3/1, pertencendo a diferentes grupos de risco: 15 com espinha bífida (EB), 13 submetidos a múltiplas cirurgias sem EB e 33 profissionais de saúde (PS). A todos os doentes foram efectuados questionário, testes cutâneos por prick (TC) com aeroalergénios comuns e látex(extractos comerciais) e alimentos com reactividade cruzada descrita com látex (extractos comerciais e alimentos em natureza), IgE total sérica (AlaSTAT®, DPC) e IgE específica para látex (UniCAP®, Pharmacia Diagnostics). Definiu-se SLF se história clínica e TC para o alimento positivos. Resultados: A prevalência de SLF nos doentes alérgicos ao látex foi 28% (17). Os alimentos implicados foram castanha-71% (12), banana-47% (8), pêssego-29% (5), abacate e kiwi-24% (4),ananás, maracujá, papaia e espinafre-18% (3), ameixa, manga, melão, tomate e mandioca-12%(2), alperce, figo, uva e pimentão doce-6% (1). Os sintomas clínicos foram anafilaxia-65% (11),urticária-24% (4) e síndrome de alergia oral-12% (2). Os doentes com SLF eram na quase totalidade PS. A prevalência de SLF neste grupo foi 45% (15). Comparando PS com SLF (15) e sem SLF (18), encontrou-se relação entre SLF e níveis mais elevados de IgE específica para látex (mediana: 19.4 vs. 0.6kU/l; p=0.006). Os PS com CAP-classe ≥ 3 tinham SLF em 74%, para 26% nos PS com CAP-classe <3 (p<0.001). Idade, sexo, antecedentes pessoais e familiares de alergia, número de cirurgias, tempo de profissão, atopia e IgE total não foram identificados como factores de risco. Conclusões: A SLF afecta essencialmente os PS alérgicos ao látex, sendo frequente neste grupo; a explicação reside nos diferentes perfis de sensibilização alergénica, relacionados com a via de exposição. A sensibilização ao látex com CAP-classe ≥ 3 foi identificada como factor de risco para SLF nos PS. A SLF revelou-se na maioria dos casos por anafilaxia,realçando a importância desta síndrome potencialmente fatal.

Ovarian Borderline Tumor and Fertility-Sparing Surgery

Ovarian borderline tumors (OBTs) are frequently diagnosed in women of reproductive age. There is no consensus about their management, and it sometimes represents a dilemma aboutwhat should be done: fertility sparing surgery or a hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy? Case: A 32-year-old nulligravida, diagnosed with a right ovarian borderline tumor is presented. She underwent pelvic washings, right salpingo-oophorectomy, appendectomy, and omental and peritoneal biopsies (laparotomic approach). Macroscopically, the left ovary was normal and subsequent exploration for staging was also normal, including the lymph nodes. Intraoperatively, frozen section examination was unclear, suggesting an OBT. Results: The final histopathologic diagnosis was ovarian borderline tumor, stage IIC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] staging). The patient expressed a desire to preserve her fertility. Thirty-six months postsurgery, she became pregnant spontaneously and delivered a healthy newborn at term. Conclusions: Conservative surgery can be performed in young patients treated for an OBT, provided they are closely followed up and that this surgery is performed after careful consideration and informed consent. It is, however, controversial with respect to performing hysterectomy and salpingo-oopherectomy upon the patient’s completion of childbearing.

Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Female Genital Tract: a Case-Based Imaging Review with Pathological Correlation

BACKGROUND: Both primary and secondary gynaecological neuroendocrine (NE) tumours are uncommon, and the literature is scarce concerning their imaging features. METHODS: This article reviews the epidemiological, clinical and imaging features with pathological correlation of gynaecological NE tumours. RESULTS: The clinical features of gynaecological NE tumours are non-specific and depend on the organ of origin and on the extension and aggressiveness of the disease. The imaging approach to these tumours is similar to that for other histological types and the Revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Staging System also applies to NE tumours. Neuroendocrine tumours were recently divided into two groups: poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). NECs include small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, while NETs account for typical and atypical carcinoids. Cervical small cell carcinoma and ovarian carcinoid are the most common gynaecological NE tumours. The former typically behaves aggressively; the latter usually behaves in a benign fashion and tends to be confined to the organ. CONCLUSION: While dealing with ovarian carcinoids, extra-ovarian extension, bilaterality and multinodularity raise the suspicion of metastatic disease. NE tumours of the endometrium and other gynaecological locations are very rare. TEACHING POINTS: • Primary or secondary neurondocrine (NE) tumours of the female genital tract are rare. • Cervical small cell carcinoma and ovarian carcinoids are the most common gynaecological NE tumours. • Cervical small cell carcinomas usually behave aggressively. • Ovarian carcinoids tend to behave in a benign fashion. • The imaging approach to gynaecological NE tumours and other histological types is similar.

Extracção e caracterização de óleo essencial de sementes de Opuntia ficus indica

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar

Efeito comparativo do calor, S0(2) e ácido ascórbico na atividade da polifenol oxidase e peroxidase de algumas frutas e hortaliças

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar o efeito do calor, do SO2 e do ácido ascorbico, visando determinar qual o método mais eficiente para controlar o escurecimento enzímico de cada uma das frutas e hortaliças estudadas. Os resultados mostraram que para a banana, pêssego, maça, cenoura, couve-flor e palmito, o calor foi o melhor agente inativador do sistema enzímico responsável pelo escurecimento. O SO2 foi mais eficiente para a pera, e para o figo e batata, o melhor agente inibidor foi o ácido ascórbico.

Efeito de vespas não-polinizadoras sobre o mutualismo Ficus - vespas de figos

Relações ecológicas interespecíficas, que resultam em benefício para todos os organismos participantes, são conhecidas como mutualismo. No entanto, tal cooperação abre espaço para o surgimento de estratégias oportunistas (ou de trapaça), representadas por indivíduos parasitas do mutualismo, que recebem o benefício de um dos parceiros sem oferecer nada em troca. A interação figueiras - vespas - de - figo é um sistema adequado para o estudo do mutualismo e de estratégias oportunistas (parasitas de mutualismos). Representantes do gênero Ficus (Moraceae) apresentam uma relação mutualística com pequenas vespas polinizadoras (Agaonidae) e são explorados por outras espécies de vespas não-polinizadoras. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto das vespas não-polinizadoras sobre o mutualismo Ficus citrifolia e suas vespas polinizadoras, Pegoscapus tonduzi Grandi, 1919. Para tal, foi comparada a produção de aquênios (função feminina) e de fêmeas da espécie polinizadora (função masculina) entre amostras de sicônios altamente infestados e pouco infestados por vespas não-polinizadoras, coletadas nos municípios de Londrina (Paraná), Campinas e Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo), Brasil. Nossos resultados apontaram que as vespas não-polinizadoras exercem impacto negativo nos componentes feminino e masculino da planta, sendo maior no masculino. A produção de vespas polinizadoras foi cerca de sete vezes menor nos figos infestados, ao passo que a produção de aquênios foi 1,5 vez menor nesses mesmos figos. Hipóteses sobre a estabilidade do mutualismo na presença das espécies oportunistas são discutidas.

Fauna de Hymenoptera em Ficus spp. (Moraceae) na Amazônia Central, Brasil

A interação Ficus (Moraceae) - vespas de figo é considerada um dos exemplos mais extremos de mutualismo entre planta e inseto. Neste trabalho, descreve-se a fauna de vespas de figo associada a cinco espécies de Ficus na Amazônia Central, considerando alguns aspectos do modo de polinização nas espécies Ficus (Urostigma) cremersii, Ficus (Urostigma) greiffiana, Ficus (Urostigma) mathewsii, Ficus (Urostigma) pertusa e Ficus (Pharmacosycea) maxima. O estudo foi desenvolvido durante o período de abril a julho de 2004 em Manaus e Presidente Figueiredo, Estado do Amazonas. O número de espécies de vespas de figo por hospedeiro variou de uma a 13. Vespas do gênero Pegoscapus Cameron, 1906, polinizadoras de Ficus (Urostigma) spp., apresentam pentes coxais e bolsos torácicos adaptados à coleta e ao transporte de pólen, indicando modo ativo de polinização. No subgênero Pharmacosycea, a polinizadora do gênero Tetrapus Mayr, 1885, não apresenta estrutura morfológica adaptada ao transporte de pólen, condizente com o modo passivo de polinização. Além das vespas de figo, F. (Pharmacosyceae) maxima e F. (Urostigma) pertusa apresentaram associação com ácaros, formigas (Solenopsis sp., Formicidae), besouros (Staphylinidae) e larvas de Diptera e Lepidoptera.

Analyse rétrospective de la prise en charge du cancer ovarien au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois

Introduction:¦L'incidence annuelle du cancer de l'ovaire en Suisse est de 600 cas, il touche principalement les femmes âgées de plus de 60 ans. Le cancer de l'ovaire est aujourd'hui la 1ère cause de mortalité par cancer gynécologique chez la femme. Le but de notre recherche, est de créer une base de données de toutes les¦patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'ovaire et hospitalisées au CHUV pour la prise en charge de leur maladie.¦Cette étude rétrospective monocentrique nous permettra en premier lieu d'analyser les caractéristiques de¦cette tumeur présentées par les patientes, les traitements instaurés pour traiter ce cancer et les taux de¦récidives et de survie des patientes en fonction de ces variables.¦Méthodologie:¦Analyse rétrospective de 147 patientes diagnostiquées d'un cancer de l'ovaire et hospitalisées au CHUV entre¦septembre 2001 et mars 2010 pour la prise en charge de leur tumeur ovarienne. Utilisation du programme informatique ARCHIMED qui contient les dossiers médicaux de toutes les patientes inclues dans l'étude et création de 2 bases des données. La 1ère base de données regroupe l'ensemble des patientes de l'étude y¦compris les tumeurs type borderline, la 2ème base de données concerne uniquement les patientes ayant récidivé de leur tumeur. Les tumeurs bénignes ont été exclues de l'étude.¦Résultats:¦La probabilitéde survie à 1 an chez les patientes avec un cancer de l'ovaire, tous stades FIGO et prises en¦charge confondus, hospitalisées au CHUV est de 88,04% (95% CI = 0.7981-­&#8208;0.9306), à 3 ans la probabilité de survie est de 70,4% (95% CI = 0.5864-­&#8208;0.7936), et à plus de 5 ans, elle est de 60% (95% CI = 0.4315-­&#8208;0.6859).¦Nous avons comparé le taux de survie en fonction du stade FIGO de la tumeur ovarienne et nous avons observé une différence significative de survie entre les stades FIGO précoces et les stades avancés (Pvaleur=¦0.0161).¦En plus d'une intervention chirurgicale, les patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'ovaire sont normalement traitées par une chimiothérapie. Dans notre étude, 70 patientes ont bénéficié d'une chimiothérapie; un¦traitement adjuvant a été donné dans 78 % des cas (N = 55), un traitement néoadjuvant a été administré chez 22% des patientes (N=15). Le type combiné carboplatine-­&#8208;taxane est la chimiothérapie la plus fréquente (75%). Au total sur l'étude, 66 patientes sur les 147 (44%) ont récidivé de leur tumeur. En ce qui¦concerne leur prise en charge, 46% des patientes ont reçu une chimiothérapie unique comme du gemzar, cealyx ou taxotère après leur récidive. Une cytoréduction secondaire a également été effectuée chez 33% de ces patientes ayant une récidive. Nous avons également étudié l'intervalle de temps entre la date de la¦récidive et celle du décès. Parmi les 28 patientes décédées chez les récidives, 10 d'entre-­&#8208;elles (36%) ont survécu moins d'un an une fois la récidive diagnostiquée, 8 (28%) patientes ont survécu jusqu'à 2 ans, et¦les 10 (36%) autres patientes ont survécu de 2 à 5 ans. En ce qui concerne le taux de mortalité; 39 patientes sur les 147 étudiées sont décédées pendant la période d'observation, soit 26% des cas. La tumeur¦type borderline, présente une prolifération épithéliale atypique sans invasion dans le stroma et représente¦10 à 20% de toutes les tumeurs ovariennes. Dans notre étude, 41 patientes sont porteuses de cette tumeur¦(28%) et la moyenne d'âge est de 49 ans. En ce qui concerne leur prise en charge, l'intervention chirurgicale¦la plus fréquente, soit 23% des cas, est l'annexectomie unilatérale, qui reste une attitude conservative pour¦ces patientes désirant préserver leur fertilité. 6 patientes présentant ce type de tumeur ont récidivé, soit 14% des cas, avec une progression pelvienne, et 3 de ces 6 patientes sont décédées. Dans notre analyse, on observe que la probabilité de vivre plus longtemps que 1an pour les patientes ayant une tumeur borderline est de 93,8% (95% CI= 0.6323-­&#8208; 0.9910), à 3 ans elle est également de 93,8% (95% CI = 0.6323-­&#8208;0.9910) et à 5 ans elle est de 78,1% (95% CI = 0.3171-­&#8208;0.9483). Nous n'avons pas observé de¦différence de survie dans notre étude entre les patientes présentant une tumeur borderline et le « non&#8208;borderline ». (Pvaleur=0.3301)

Angiogenesis-related gene expression profile with independent prognostic value in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma is the most important cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality in Western societies. Despite the improved median overall survival in patients receiving chemotherapy regimens such as paclitaxel and carboplatin combination, relapse still occurs in most advanced diseased patients. Increased angiogenesis is associated with rapid recurrence and decreased survival in ovarian cancer. This study was planned to identify an angiogenesis-related gene expression profile with prognostic value in advanced ovarian carcinoma patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS RNAs were collected from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 61 patients with III/IV FIGO stage ovarian cancer who underwent surgical cytoreduction and received a carboplatin plus paclitaxel regimen. Expression levels of 82 angiogenesis related genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan low-density arrays. A 34-gene-profile which was able to predict the overall survival of ovarian carcinoma patients was identified. After a leave-one-out cross validation, the profile distinguished two groups of patients with different outcomes. Median overall survival and progression-free survival for the high risk group was 28.3 and 15.0 months, respectively, and was not reached by patients in the low risk group at the end of follow-up. Moreover, the profile maintained an independent prognostic value in the multivariate analysis. The hazard ratio for death was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.2; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It is possible to generate a prognostic model for advanced ovarian carcinoma based on angiogenesis-related genes using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. The present results are consistent with the increasing weight of angiogenesis genes in the prognosis of ovarian carcinoma.