Contingencia y ambigüedad en la filosofía de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Fenomenología, ontología, arte, política

Este trabajo intenta mostrar cómo la reflexión de Merleau-Ponty se constituye en un ejemplo que corrobora la ambigüedad y la contingencia que el filósofo le atribuye a la realidad y a sus expresiones. Se analizarán cada uno de los planos en que el autor desarrolla su pensamiento y en los que se manifiestan tal ambigüedad y contingencia: el fenomenológico, el ontológico, el artístico y el político. Una consideración común a toda su obra, es la ruptura con los antagonismos originados en la oposición sujeto-objeto moderna: realismo-idealismo; mundo-conciencia; sensibilidad-pensamiento. La percepción abre los horizontes sobre los que se instala el saber; pero el mundo que "hay" se presenta, en la filosofía merleaupontiana, como infinitamente explorable.

Experience, Education and Subjectivity: A Comparison of John Dewey's and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's Conceptions of Experience and Their Implications for Education

This thesis compares John Dewey’s philosophy of experience and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, and illustrates how Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology can strengthen and further Dewey’s philosophy of education. I begin by drawing the connection between Dewey’s philosophy of experience and his philosophy of education, and illustrate how Dewey’s understanding of growth, and thinking in education, is rooted in and informed by his detailed philosophy of experience. From there, I give an interpretation of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology with a focus on his descriptions of subjectivity that he presents in the Phenomenology of Perception. Following this, I outline some of the implications Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology has on our understanding of rationality, expression and existence. In the final chapter, I make the comparison between Dewey’s philosophy of experience and Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology. After demonstrating how these two philosophies are not only similar but also complementary, I then look to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology to provide insight into and to advance Dewey’s philosophy of education. I will illustrate how Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of subjectivity helps to support, and reinforce the rationale behind Dewey’s inquiry-based approach to education. Furthermore, I will show how Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology and its implications for rationality, expression and existence support Dewey’s democratic ideal and add a hermeneutical element to Dewey’s philosophy of education.

Ymmärrysten ymmärrystä : Maurice Merleau-Pontyn fenomenologisesta kielikäsityksestä

Summary: Phenomenology and linguistics

La naissance de l'espace moderne: Merleau‐Ponty et Panofsky sur la perspective linéaire

Nous nous proposons d’examiner et de comparer les analyses de Maurice Merleau-Ponty et d’Erwin Panofsky sur la question de la perspective linéaire. Merleau-Ponty, dans le sillage des analyses de Panofsky, soutient la thèse selon laquelle la perspective linéaire est non seulement une technique picturale qui nous présente une vision et une interprétation de l’espace et, plus généralement, du monde se constituant en rupture avec la perception naturelle, mais une « construction symbolique » qui nous fait proprement voir et concevoir le monde d’après les principes de la géométrie euclidienne. Quoiqu’ils partagent la même interprétation historique et symbolique de la perspective, Merleau-Ponty et Panofsky diffèrent pourtant quant à la signification philosophique qu’ils lui donnent. Alors que pour Panofsky la perspective témoigne de la vérité indépassable du criticisme kantien, elle est l’expression chez Merleau-Ponty d’une interrogation ontologique sur la perception irréductible à la conception de l’espace de la philosophie moderne.

Merleau-Ponty e a psicologia infantil: análises da psicogênese em Wallon

Neste artigo tratamos das análises do filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty acerca das teorias da psicogênese de Henri Wallon. Focalizamos os cursos que Merleau-Ponty dedicara à psicologia da criança entre 1949 e 1952. Para o filósofo, ao longo da psicogênese, a distinção do indivíduo em relação ao mundo e a outrem jamais é terminada. A infância jamais é liquidada radicalmente, pelo simples fato de que não abandonamos nossa condição corporal, nosso poder de retomar as condutas e expressões fisionômicas dos outros e das coisas. Merleau-Ponty encontra indicações neste sentido nas teorias de Wallon, principalmente nos conceitos de sociabilidade sincrética e de ultracoisas.

A noção de esquema corporal na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty: análises em torno da 'Fenomenologia da Percepção'

The Throughout the work of Merleau-Ponty, besides philosophical concepts and images of his thinking, some theoretical-anthropological devices exist that reveal his approximation of human sciences. That is the case of the notion of body schema. Interested in discussing the role the critical development of this concept may have played in the passage from the first phase of his work to the period when the philosopher finds himself able to outline a new ontology, in this paper, we study the presence of the body schema notion in the Phenomenology of perception. We show that, in this book, Merleau-Ponty unsubstantiates the notion under analysis which, from a cognitive core that organizes our bodily experience, turns into the expression of our body parts’ mutual permeability, but also of the body’s permeability towards the world and other people.

O corpo e a palavra em Merleau-Ponty

Dissertação de Doutoramento no ramo de Filosofia Especialidade de Filosofia Contemporânea

Sobre a imagem e a independência das personagens artisticas nas artes plásticas: reflexão a partir de Merleau-Ponty e Deleuze

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Filosofia especialização em Estética

A fenomenologia enquanto lugar total da vida: diálogo poético-amoroso entre Merleau-Ponty e alguns pensadores e artistas

Dissertação de doutoramento em Filosofia Contemporânea