1000 resultados para Mercados Electrónicos Verticais e Horizontais
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El actual entorno globalizado y el aumento generalizado de la difusión y de la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) por parte de las empresas y de los consumidores, hace que el uso de estas tecnologías sea fundamental para que el sector cooperativo oleícola afronte la creciente competencia en el mercado. Centrado en dicho sector, en este trabajo analizamos el grado de utilización del comercio electrónico, tanto a través de los sitios Web como mediante los mercados electrónicos y la utilización que estas empresas realizan de las redes sociales como herramientas facilitadoras de la actividad comercial. Para esto, realizamos un análisis comparativo entre las cooperativas oleícolas andaluzas y el resto de formas jurídicas presentes en el sector.
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This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Matemática, Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional, 2015.
Resumo:
This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.
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In Brazil and around the world, oil companies are looking for, and expected development of new technologies and processes that can increase the oil recovery factor in mature reservoirs, in a simple and inexpensive way. So, the latest research has developed a new process called Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) which was classified as a gas injection IOR. The process, which is undergoing pilot testing in the field, is being extensively studied through physical scale models and core-floods laboratory, due to high oil recoveries in relation to other gas injection IOR. This process consists of injecting gas at the top of a reservoir through horizontal or vertical injector wells and displacing the oil, taking advantage of natural gravity segregation of fluids, to a horizontal producer well placed at the bottom of the reservoir. To study this process it was modeled a homogeneous reservoir and a model of multi-component fluid with characteristics similar to light oil Brazilian fields through a compositional simulator, to optimize the operational parameters. The model of the process was simulated in GEM (CMG, 2009.10). The operational parameters studied were the gas injection rate, the type of gas injection, the location of the injector and production well. We also studied the presence of water drive in the process. The results showed that the maximum vertical spacing between the two wells, caused the maximum recovery of oil in GAGD. Also, it was found that the largest flow injection, it obtained the largest recovery factors. This parameter controls the speed of the front of the gas injected and determined if the gravitational force dominates or not the process in the recovery of oil. Natural gas had better performance than CO2 and that the presence of aquifer in the reservoir was less influential in the process. In economic analysis found that by injecting natural gas is obtained more economically beneficial than CO2
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Apresenta o conceito de família enquanto sistema referencial vital do desenvolvimento humano ao longo do processo histórico com diferentes papéis e funções, em diversas perspectivas e como a mais importante rede social de referência que não se limita pelos laços familiares, com objetivos internos/proteção e externos/transmissão. Mostra, também: diferentes definições e configurações de família; definição de sistema e de estrutura; estrutura e dinâmica familiar e seus diferentes subsistemas – conjugal, parental e fraternal – e mecanismos de comunicação e coesão; diferentes tipos de fronteiras familiares e estratégias de intervenção; ciclo vital da família e suas diferentes fases; e estressores verticais e horizontais.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os esforços em estruturas tridimensionais de edificios altos, quando submetidos a carregamentos horizontais e verticais. A estrutura é idealizada como um conjunto de pilares, paredes e vigas podendo ser dispostos de uma maneira assimétrica no plano da laje e variarem suas propriedades geométricas ao longo da altura. A análise é feita pelo método dos deslocamentos. Admite-se que as lajes em cada nível dos pavimentos tenham o funcionamento de diafragma rígido. São utilizados elementos de barra para representação das vigas e pilares. Para a determinação dos esforços em paredes resistentes são apresentados vários elementos obtidos pela analogia de pórticos. Tais elementos são incorporados ao programa possuindo uma formulação bem simples.
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A década de 1990 foi de muitas transformações no panorama econômico da Zona da Mata pernambucana. A crise no setor canavieiro, uma das principais atividades econômicas do Estado, foi agravada pela seca, que fez com que algumas usinas transferissem o seu capital para o Centro-Sul do país, fechassem ou reduzissem sua área de cultivo. Foi também nesse momento que os movimentos sociais rurais estavam ganhando força e conquistando áreas secularmente destinadas ao latifúndio monocultor de cana-de-açúcar - só na região tivemos mais de 100 assentamentos instituído nessa década. A década seguinte, porém, chamou a atenção pela retomada do apoio do Estado ao setor e a necessidade de retomar o uso das terras para o cultivo da cana. Esse novo movimento na conjuntura socioeconômica fomentada pelo Estado fez surgir relações horizontais e verticais entre assentados e usineiros e é a compreensão desse processo que esta pesquisa tenta elucidar. Para a construção da pesquisa foram realizadas leituras bibliográficas a cerca do tema, da questão histórica da região, do setor econômico e dos conseitos norteadores de território e espaço. Os trabalhos de campo se fizeram presentes como uma forma de articular a teoria as práticas existentes nesse processo socioeconômico.
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Tesis ( Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Eléctrica con Especialidad en Potencia ) U.A.N.L.
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Os objetivos deste trabalho são (i) revisar a literatura econômica sobre restrições verticais, destacando efeitos pró-eficiência e anticompetitivos de sua adoção; (ii) apresentar aspectos institucionais da adoção de restrições verticais na distribuição de automóveis novos nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, analisando a evolução recente da relação entre montadoras e concessionárias de automóveis no país; e (iii) investigar, a partir de dados sobre a localização de concessionárias no Brasil e sobre os condicionantes da demanda e da oferta de automóveis no país, os efeitos da entrada de concessionárias em mercados previamente monopolizados. Com relação a este último objetivo, um modelo de escolha binária foi adaptado de Bresnahan e Reiss (1990), a partir do qual concluiu-se que os custos fixos de entrada de uma segunda concessionária parecem ser, em média, menores do que os custos fixos da entrada da primeira concessionária, e que os lucros de duopólio parecem ser significativamente menores do que os de monopólio, indicando, ao contrário do observado em Bresnahan e Reiss (1990) com relação ao mercado norte-americano, concorrência entre concessionárias. Finalmente, possíveis implicações destas conclusões são discutidas.
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É consenso na análise antitruste que o ato de concentração de empresas com participação significativa deve sofrer averiguações quanto a sua aprovação em decorrência dos efeitos prejudiciais que pode gerar sobre a concorrência na indústria. Concorrência é sempre desejável por favorecer melhores níveis de bem-estar econômico. À luz das investigações econômicas que os sistemas de defesa da concorrência realizam, este trabalho analisa as mensurações da simulação de efeitos unilaterais de concentrações horizontais. As avaliações realizadas testam a utilização do modelo PC-AIDS (Proportionaly Calibrated AIDS), de Epstein e Rubinfeld (2002). Dentre algumas conclusões que se extraem do uso do modelo temos que: (i) em mercados com baixa concentração econômica, o modelo avaliado para um intervalo da vizinhança da elasticidade-preço própria estimada, traz mensurações robustas, e (ii) para mercados com alta concentração econômica uma atenção maior deve ser dada à correspondência dos valores calibrados e estimados das elasticidades-preços próprias, para que não ocorra sub ou superestimação dos efeitos unilaterais do ato de concentração. Esse resultado é avaliado no caso Nestlé/Garoto.
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The method "toe-to-heel air injection" (THAITM) is a process of enhanced oil recovery, which is the integration of in-situ combustion with technological advances in drilling horizontal wells. This method uses horizontal wells as producers of oil, keeping vertical injection wells to inject air. This process has not yet been applied in Brazil, making it necessary, evaluation of these new technologies applied to local realities, therefore, this study aimed to perform a parametric study of the combustion process with in-situ oil production in horizontal wells, using a semi synthetic reservoir, with characteristics of the Brazilian Northeast basin. The simulations were performed in a commercial software "STARS" (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator), from CMG (Computer Modelling Group). The following operating parameters were analyzed: air rate, configuration of producer wells and oxygen concentration. A sensitivity study on cumulative oil (Np) was performed with the technique of experimental design, with a mixed model of two and three levels (32x22), a total of 36 runs. Also, it was done a technical economic estimative for each model of fluid. The results showed that injection rate was the most influence parameter on oil recovery, for both studied models, well arrangement depends on fluid model, and oxygen concentration favors recovery oil. The process can be profitable depends on air rate
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This article presents the results of research conducted on full-scale models, studying the behavior of steel sleepers under the action of static loads, in vertical, longitudinal and transverse directions. For the research models were run with rails TR-68, fixed with elastic system on seven sleepers each type, separately, embedded in standard ballast with 35 cm height and on the basis of compacted soil with 30 cm thick. For the load tests were constructed using reaction systems of vertical and horizontal forces with the objective of applying the requests. The system of readings and data acquisition was fully computerized, obtaining in real time the values of forces and displacements. The results were compared with those installed in the same way with sleepers of wood, mono-block and bi-block prestressed concrete. The analyzed results provided unprecedented parameters in Brazil and of great importance for the design of modern railway permanent way, using steel sleepers.