Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10−8), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ~2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Kurt Hirschfeld (left) speaking with Thomas Mann Portraits Groups Men

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Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution

Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10−9 to P = 1.8 × 10−40) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10−3 to P = 1.2 × 10−13). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.

Adolpf Molling, Janet Krakauer nee McColl, Hymie Joachim and Thomas Krakauer (l-r); Weggis, Switzerland Portraits Groups

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Audience members watching the opening ceremonies of the Heidelberg festival, with opening speech given by Thomas Mann.

Typed caption: Festakt in der Stadthalle zur Eroeffnung der Heidelberger Festpiele 1929. Thomas Mann hielt die Festrede. Unsere Aufnahme zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus der Festversammlung, an der die geistige Prominenz Heidelbergs und zahlreiche bedeutende Persoenlichkeiten des deutschen Kulturlebends teilnahmen. Von links nach rechts in der 1. Reihe: Rene Schickele, Rudolf Rittner, Gustav Hargung, Prof. Dr. Martin Dibelius, Gerhart Hauptmann, Dr. Rudolf H. Goldschmidt, Oberbuergermeister Dr. Neinhaus, Thomas Mann und Frau, Kultusminister Leers, Rudolf G. Binding; In der 3. Reihe: Oberbaurat L. Schmieder, Nobelpreistraeger Dr. F. Bergius, Bankdirektor Fremerey, Prof. Hellpach, Prof. Radbruch

Letter from Thomas Hope, architect, regarding drawings for ark of new synagogue

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Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

Thomas-Fermi Method For Particles Obeying Generalized Exclusion Statistics

We use the Thomas-Fermi method to examine the thermodynamics of particles obeying Haldane exclusion statistics. Specifically, we study Calogero-Sutherland particles placed in a given external potential in one dimension. For the case of a simple harmonic potential (constant density of states), we obtain the exact one-particle spatial density and a {\it closed} form for the equation of state at finite temperature, which are both new results. We then solve the problem of particles in a $x^{2/3} ~$ potential (linear density of states) and show that Bose-Einstein condensation does not occur for any statistics other than bosons.

Variational Approach to the Thomas-Fermi Equation

By the semi-inverse method, a variational principle is obtained for the Thomas-Fermi equation, then the Ritz method is applied to solve an analytical solution, which is a much simpler and more efficient method.

Las escenas espejo en el teatro isabelino : el jardín de Isabel en “La tragedia española” de Thomas Kyd

Resumen: Este trabajo busca demostrar cómo la escena de “El Jardín de Isabel” (acto IV, escena ii) en la obra La tragedia española de Thomas Kyd es un ejemplo de una escena espejo. Inicialmente se observa cómo esta escena está laxamente conectada con el resto de la obra y la misma no sufriría un cambio significativo de ser la escena eliminada; la característica de “prescindible” de ésta, es propia de una escena espejo. La escena del Jardín de Isabel es luego estudiada en profundidad para dejar en evidencia cómo resume la obra y la simboliza. El personaje de Isabel es examinado en detalle, siguiendo una sensibilidad pictórica y, a través de una interpretación temática y simbólica, Isabel es presentada como Piedad, Testigo de Justicia Divina y Venganza. Finalmente el espacio es también analizado como locus amoenus al ser inicialmente un lugar de encuentro de los enamorados y locus eremus luego de la maldición de Isabel. Luego del estudio de estos aspectos de esta escena espejo, se pone en evidencia cómo la misma “refleja” los temas centrales de la obra: la verdad se revela con el tiempo, hay que ser paciente y esperar la justicia divina y, por último, la venganza sólo condena al vengador.

Restauracion de la ciudad del Salvador, i Baia de Todos-Santos, en la provincia del Brasil :por las armas de Don Philippe IV, el Grande, Rei Catholico de las Espanas i Indias, [et]c. A su Magestad : Don Thomas Tamaio de Vargas, su cronista

Tomás Tamayo de Vargas, historiador espanhol, nasceu em 1588 e morreu em 1641. Cronista do Reino, escreveu essa obra por ordem real, que foi publicada em 1628, utilizando documentação oficial e informações que as relações da época lhe proporcionavam. ‘Restauracion de la ciudad del Salvador, i Baia de Todos-Sanctos, en la Provincia del Brasil’ reflete a opinião oficial espanhola sobre a restauração da Bahia e mostra a repercussão que o acontecimento teve na metrópole espanhola que, na época, dominava o Brasil. Rodrigues considera essa uma edição ‘rara’ e Brunet afirma ser ‘muito rara’. Há uma edição brasileira, difícil de encontrar, publicada em Salvador pela Tipografia de Epifanio Pedroza (1847)