沙埋与供水对毛乌素沙地两种重要植物幼苗生长的影响

近年来，土地荒漠化（ Desertification）及其防治已成为世界各国政府及科学界广泛关注的社会与环境问题。毛乌素沙地是我国荒漠化发展的中心地区之一。荒漠化不仅长期制约着地方经济的发展，同时也不同程度地影响着黄河中下游等地区的生态环境。因此，毛乌素沙地退化生态系统的恢复重建势在必行。沙埋与水分是该地区重要的生态因子和限制因子。柠条（Caragana korshinskii ）和羊柴（Hedysarum laeve ）作为该地区广泛分布的物种，经常用于我国北方干旱、半干旱区的生态恢复。因此，本文以这两个物种为研究对象， 探讨不同的沙埋与供水对两种植物幼苗存活与生长的影响。该研究对深化与丰富植物对沙生环境适应的生态学机理认识， 进而对采用合理的方法进行荒漠化防治及当地生态系统恢复重建具有重要的理论与实际意义。 以柠条（Caragana korshinskii ）和羊柴（Hedysarum laeve ）这两种植物幼苗为研究对象，人工控制6 个沙埋深度、5 个沙埋时间和4 个水分梯度，研究它们对不同沙埋深度和供水量的响应。结果表明：适量的沙埋(0.25~0.50 H 沙埋)与供水(柠条50 mm/月，羊柴75 mm/月)可以促进幼苗生长，过量的沙埋与供水则会抑制生长甚至导致幼苗死亡。柠条幼苗在50 mm/月供水， 0.25、0.50 H 沙埋， 羊柴幼苗在75 mm/月供水，0.25、0.50 H 沙埋下具有较高的生物量、叶面积、相对生长速率和净同化速率；幼苗在1.0 H 和1.25 H 沙埋下全部死亡。供水量较小、沙埋较浅时，两种植物根冠比均较高；当供水量最大时，柠条幼苗根冠比在沙埋最深和没有沙埋时较大，而羊柴幼苗根冠比仍在没有沙埋时最高。

科尔沁沙地农牧交错带土地退化及治理对策研究

土地退化是危及人类生存和农业可持续发展的重大环境问题.科尔沁沙地是中国土地退化最为严重，发展速度最快的地区之一，在防治荒漠化总体布局中占有极其重要的位置.该文充分运用现代生态学原理与方法，以科尔沁沙地农牧交错带为主要研究对象，通过大量的野外调查、室内分析和资料收集，采用多学科多技术相结合、定性与定量分析相结合的技术路线，系统地研究了科尔沁沙地农牧交错带土地退化治理的关键问题.

科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙群落土壤水分与适宜密度研究

土壤水分是影响半干旱区人工固沙植被生存生长的关键因素。本文依据水量平衡原理，在植物群落层次上探讨沙地水分与植被恢复关系。以科尔沁沙地流沙治理中广泛应用的小叶锦鸡儿群落为研究对象，通过对降水入渗、根系分布和生长、蒸腾速率的研究，分析了不同年龄、密度和坡向的小叶锦鸡儿群落生长季节土壤水分动态和蒸散量，从水分平衡角度探讨在科尔沁沙地西部条件下人工植被建设中的适密度问题。研究结果表明：对于1mx1m密度小叶锦鸡儿人工植被区：随着植被年龄增长，根系分布呈现浅层化趋势，82.25％以上根系分布在O一100cm深度土壤中，浅层土壤截留降水能力增加，降水入渗深度减少，土壤逐步由水分淋溶型转变为非淋溶型；土壤水分含量降低，群落的稳定性下降。对不同年龄、密度、坡向的沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落生长季节土壤水分状况和蒸散量分析表明，1m×1m密度4年生植被区和2m×2m密度19年生植被区土壤含水量高于凋萎湿度，生长末期土壤贮水量有较多节余，土壤水分能够满足植物生长需求。在保证小叶锦鸡儿群落的固沙作用和群落稳定性、土壤水分收支平衡的前提下，科尔沁沙地西部小叶锦鸡儿固沙植被适宜密度为：植被建立初期（1-4年）采用1m×1m密度，成龄后适宜密度为2m×2m。

中国东部沙地物源示踪及地质意义

Heavy mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of diagnostic heavy minerals such as garnet and tourmaline, and U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of zircons are very effective means to determine sediment provenance. An integrated application of the above provides insight on the lithologies, crystallization ages and crustal formation ages of the parent magma of sediment source areas. As a result, the locations and characteristics of potential source areas can be constrained and contributions of different source regions may be evaluated. In addition, the study provides evidence for the magmatic and tectonic history of source areas using a novel approach. The heavy mineral assemblages, and chemical compositions of detrital garnets and tourmalines, U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of zircons for sand and loess samples deposited since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from the Hulunbeier, Keerqin and Hunshandake sandlands were analyzed and compared to those of central-southern Mongolia, the central Tarim and surrounding potential source areas, the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and North China Craton (NCC). The following remarks on provenance and tectonic history can be made: 1. The source compositional characteristics of the Hulunbeier, Keerqin and Hunshandake sandlands are similar. They are derived from the CAOB and NCC whose contributions for the Keerqin and Hunshandake sandland are about 50%. For the Hulunbeier sandland it is somewhat less, about 40%. 2. Loesses around of the sandlands have the identical source signiture as the sands, implying that they are sorted by the same wind regime. 3. The source characteristics of the present and LGM sands are the same, providing direct evidence that the present sands originated from the reworking of LGM sands. 4. The provenance characteristics of the three sandlands differ from those of the Tarim. As a result, the possibility that the three eastern sandlands were sourced from the Taklimakan desert can be ruled out. 5. The source compositions of sand samples derived from the CAOB indicate that the occurrence of Archean and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement rocks is limited and continuous subduction-accretion events from the Neoproterozoic to the Mesozoic occurred. This implies that the CAOB is a orogenic collage belt similar to the present day southwest-Pacific, and formed by the amalgamation of small forearc and backarc ocean basins occurring between island arcs and microcontinents during continuous collision and accretion. The Hf isotopic signitures of detrital zircons indicate that large amounts of juvenile mantle materials were added to the CAOB crust during the Phanerozoic.

陆相砂泥岩层序的高精度检测方法研究及应用

Ordos Basin is a typical cratonic petroliferous basin with 40 oil-gas bearing bed sets. It is featured as stable multicycle sedimentation, gentle formation, and less structures. The reservoir beds in Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoicare are mainly low density, low permeability, strong lateral change, and strong vertical heterogeneous. The well-known Loess Plateau in the southern area and Maowusu Desert, Kubuqi Desert and Ordos Grasslands in the northern area cover the basin, so seismic data acquisition in this area is very difficult and the data often takes on inadequate precision, strong interference, low signal-noise ratio, and low resolution. Because of the complicated condition of the surface and the underground, it is very difficult to distinguish the thin beds and study the land facies high-resolution lithologic sequence stratigraphy according to routine seismic profile. Therefore, a method, which have clearly physical significance, based on advanced mathematical physics theory and algorithmic and can improve the precision of the detection on the thin sand-peat interbed configurations of land facies, is in demand to put forward.Generalized S Transform (GST) processing method provides a new method of phase space analysis for seismic data. Compared with wavelet transform, both of them have very good localization characteristics; however, directly related to the Fourier spectra, GST has clearer physical significance, moreover, GST adopts a technology to best approach seismic wavelets and transforms the seismic data into time-scale domain, and breaks through the limit of the fixed wavelet in S transform, so GST has extensive adaptability. Based on tracing the development of the ideas and theories from wavelet transform, S transform to GST, we studied how to improve the precision of the detection on the thin stratum by GST.Noise has strong influence on sequence detecting in GST, especially in the low signal-noise ratio data. We studied the distribution rule of colored noise in GST domain, and proposed a technology to distinguish the signal and noise in GST domain. We discussed two types of noises: white noise and red noise, in which noise satisfy statistical autoregression model. For these two model, the noise-signal detection technology based on GST all get good result. It proved that the GST domain noise-signal detection technology could be used to real seismic data, and could effectively avoid noise influence on seismic sequence detecting.On the seismic profile after GST processing, high amplitude energy intensive zone, schollen, strip and lentoid dead zone and disarray zone maybe represent specifically geologic meanings according to given geologic background. Using seismic sequence detection profile and combining other seismic interpretation technologies, we can elaborate depict the shape of palaeo-geomorphology, effectively estimate sand stretch, distinguish sedimentary facies, determine target area, and directly guide oil-gas exploration.In the lateral reservoir prediction in XF oilfield of Ordos Basin, it played very important role in the estimation of sand stretch that the study of palaeo-geomorphology of Triassic System and the partition of inner sequence of the stratum group. According to the high-resolution seismic profile after GST processing, we pointed out that the C8 Member of Yanchang Formation in DZ area and C8 Member in BM area are the same deposit. It provided the foundation for getting 430 million tons predicting reserves and unite building 3 million tons off-take potential.In tackling key problem study for SLG gas-field, according to the high-resolution seismic sequence profile, we determined that the deposit direction of H8 member is approximately N-S or NNE-SS W. Using the seismic sequence profile, combining with layer-level profile, we can interpret the shape of entrenched stream. The sunken lenticle indicates the high-energy stream channel, which has stronger hydropower. By this way we drew out three high-energy stream channels' outline, and determined the target areas for exploitation. Finding high-energy braided river by high-resolution sequence processing is the key technology in SLG area.In ZZ area, we studied the distribution of the main reservoir bed-S23, which is shallow delta thin sand bed, by GST processing. From the seismic sequence profile, we discovered that the schollen thick sand beds are only local distributed, and most of them are distributary channel sand and distributary bar deposit. Then we determined that the S23 sand deposit direction is NW-SE in west, N-S in central and NE-SW in east. The high detecting seismic sequence interpretation profiles have been tested by 14 wells, 2 wells mismatch and the coincidence rate is 85.7%. Based on the profiles we suggested 3 predicted wells, one well (Yu54) completed and the other two is still drilling. The completed on Is coincident with the forecastThe paper testified that GST is a effective technology to get high- resolution seismic sequence profile, compartmentalize deposit microfacies, confirm strike direction of sandstone and make sure of the distribution range of oil-gas bearing sandstone, and is the gordian technique for the exploration of lithologic gas-oil pool in complicated areas.