Influência do estado diabético na doença periodontal induzida em ratos: análise metabólica, genética e radiográfica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Respostas densitométricas, morfofisiológicas e desempenho de frangos de corte tratados com água filtrada e não filtrada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biologia e ecologia trófica de Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) no Rio Araguari, na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brasil

A presente pesquisa tem a finalidade de contribuir para o conhecimento da biologia e ecologia trófica da espécie H. unimaculatus no rio Araguari, na área de influência da UHE Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brasil. A região de estudo corresponde a uma porção da bacia do rio Araguari. As coletas foram realizadas bimestralmente entre Maio de 2009 à Julho de 2010. Foram utilizadas baterias de redes de malhas (2; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; cm entre nós opostos com 10 m de comprimento x 1,5 m de altura) e tarrafa (15 e 20 mm). As malhadeiras ficaram expostas por 17 h, com revistas a cada 3h. Os exemplares capturados foram conservados no gelo e fixados em formalina 10%. Os mesmos foram pesados (PT) e medidos (CT). O sexo foi identificado a partir da análise macroscópica das gônadas, onde foram pesadas e fixadas em formol 10%. Os estômagos foram pesados e conservados em álcool 70%. O ambiente foi caracterizado através de análises multivariadas. A estrutura em comprimento da população, relação peso-comprimento, proporção sexual, abundância e biomassa relativa foram avaliados. O local e período de reprodução, tamanho de primeira maturação e tipo de desova, também foram estudados. A ecologia trófica foi avaliada pela atividade alimentar, e conteúdo com matéria orgânica. Os itens alimentares foram analisados pelos métodos de frequência de ocorrência (Fi), grau de preferência alimentar (GPA) e índice alimentar (IAi). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que na área a jusante da represa e na área lacustre houve maior transparência da água, no reservatório predominou a profundidade e na montante houve valores maiores de pH. O comprimento médio foi 193.74 mm (80-258 mm ± 22.71 mm) e o peso médio foi de 70.90 g (10-160 g ± 23.99 g). Houve diferença significativa do comprimento em relação aos períodos do ano. O crescimento relativo da espécie foi alométrico negativo (b = 2.34). A proporção sexual foi de 2:1 a favor das fêmeas. A abundância e biomassa relativa foram maiores no reservatório e na área lacustre. A desova ocorreu entre os meses de novembro 2009 e janeiro 2010; preferencialmente os indivíduos desovam no reservatório e no lago. O tipo de desova é total e o tamanho de primeira maturação é a partir de 157.5 mm. A espécie tem hábito alimentar iliófaga-detritívora com tendência a onivoria. A estratégia alimentar é generalista, mas dominante para os itens fitoplâncton e detrito. A espécie H. unimaculatus, adaptou-se com sucesso ao represamento e sua dieta pode ter sofrido alteração frente às mudanças causadas pelo ambiente.

Ciclo de vida e estrutura de uma assembléia de peixes teleósteos em um manguezal da Raposa, Maranhão, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

Análise fractal de fraturas em regime linear elástico: modo I de carregamento

For the development of this graduate work of fractal fracture behavior, it is necessary to establish references for fractal analysis on fracture surfaces, evaluating, from tests of fracture tenacity on modes I, II and combined I / II, the behavior of fractures in fragile materials, on linear elastic regime. Fractures in the linear elastic regime are described by your fractal behavior by several researchers, especially Mecholsky JJ. The motivation of that present proposal stems from work done by the group and accepted for publication in the journal Materials Science and Engineering A (Horovistiz et al, 2010), where the model of Mecholsky could not be proven for fractures into grooved specimens for tests of diametric compression of titania on mode I. The general objective of this proposal is to quantify the distinguish surface regions formed by different mechanisms of fracture propagation in linear elastic regime in polymeric specimens (phenolic resin), relating tenacity, thickness of the specimens and fractal dimension. The analyzed fractures were obtained from SCB tests in mode I loading, and the acquisition of images taken using an optical reflection microscope and the surface topographies obtained by the extension focus method of reconstruction, calculating the values of fractal dimension with the use of maps of elevations. The fractal dimension was classified as monofractal dimension (Df), when the fracture is described by a single value, or texture size (Dt), which is a macroscopic analysis of the fracture, combined with the structural dimension (Ds), which is a microscopic analysis. The results showed that there is no clear relationship between tenacity, thickness and fractal values for the material investigated. On the other hand it is clear that the fractal values change with the evolution of cracks during the fracture process ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 e extrato aquoso de yacon na evolução do processo de carcinogênese química de cólon

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Allelopathic potential and survey of natural seed bank under the canopy of Copaifera Langsdorffii Desf

The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of soil samples collected under the canopies of three specimens of Copaifera langsdorffii the germination of Lactuca sativa and survey the natural seed bank according to seasonality. To test the allelopathic effect was carried experiments of pre and post-emergence with seeds of L. sativa and to quantify the stock of seeds, soil samples were collected from three specimens at three distances from the stem (1, 2 and 3 m) and at three depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15cm) in the region of savanna in the dry and wet seasons. The samples tested in bioassay of pre-emergence no significant influence on germinability, mean germination time and mean germination speed, but showed a difference in the synchronism of germination, these data were independent of sampling station. In test for post-emergence was observed statistical difference in the parameters evaluate (length of primary roots and hypocotyls) in both seasons. To quantify the natural seed bank were macroscopic analysis of each soil sample with the help of stereoscopic microscope. The analysis of the natural seed bank showed a larger number of seeds in the 0-5cm and in distance of 2m for both seasons. The results suggest the presence of allelochemical substances in soil samples collected under the canopy of Copaifera langsdorffii.

Uso de plasma rico em plaquetas em úlceras de córnea em cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement provided with interconection channels in rabbits after enucleation: a potential implant for the anophthalmic socket

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macroscopy and microstructure of a double setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate bone cement sphere provided with interconnection channels (alpha-TCP-i), as well as the integration of the implant with the rabbits' orbital tissue, through macroscopic analysis and histopathology. The external and internal surfaces of the alpha-TCP-i were evaluated macroscopically and by electron microscopy. Twelve New Zealand rabbits received 12mm implants of alpha-TCP-i following enucleation of the left eye. The clinical assessment was undertaken daily during the first 15 days, followed by fortnightly assessment until the end of the study period. For the morphological analysis, exenteration was performed in 3 animals per experimental period (15, 45, 90 and 180 days). The external and internal surfaces of the implant appeared solid, smooth and compact, with six channels which interconnected centrally. The micro-architecture was characterized by the formation of columns of hexagonal crystals. No signs of infection, exposure, dehiscence of sutures or extrusion of the implant were noted in any of the animals during the entire period of the study. The morphological evaluation demonstrated the presence of a thin capsule around the implant, from whence appeared fibro-vascular projections, which penetrated it through the interconnecting channels. In the first days after the insertion of the implant, an intense inflammatory reaction was noted. At 180 days, however, there were no signs of inflammation. The alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement implant was well tolerated in this rabbit model and appeared to be relatively inert with some fibrovascular ingrowth through the large channels.

Influência da obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica saturada sobre o comportamento da via beta-adrenérgica miocárdica em ratos Wistar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Characterization of Soil Surface Roughness Effects on Runoff and Soil Erosion Rates under Simulated Rainfall

This study aims at identifying the influence of soil surface roughness from small to large aggregates (random roughness) on runoff and soil loss and to investigate the interaction with soil surface seal formation. Bulk samples of a silty clay loam soil were sieved to four aggregate-size classes of 3 to 12, 12 to 20, 20 to 45, 45 to 100 mm, and packed in soil trays set at a 5% slope. Rainfall simulations using an oscillating nozzle simulator were conducted for 90 min at an average rainfall intensity of 50.2 mm h(-1). Soil surface roughness was measured using an instantaneous profile laser scanner and surface sealing was studied by macroscopic analysis of epoxy impregnated soil samples. The rainfall simulations revealed longer times to initiate runoff with increasing soil surface roughness. For random roughness levels up to 6 mm, a decrease in final runoff rate with increasing roughness was observed. This can be attributed to a decreased breakdown of the larger roughness elements on rougher surfaces, thus keeping infiltration rate high. For a random roughness larger than 6 mm, a greater final runoff rate was observed. This was caused by the creation of a thick depositional seal in the concentrated flow areas, thus lowering the infiltration rates. Analysis of impregnated soil sample blocks confirmed the formation of a structural surface seal on smooth surfaces, whereas thick depositional seals were visible in the depressional areas of rougher surfaces. Therefore, from our observations it can be learned that soil surface roughness as formed by the presence of different aggregate sizes reduces runoff but that its effect diminishes due to aggregate breakdown and the formation of thick depositional seals in the case of rough soil surfaces. Sediment concentration increased with increasing soil surface roughness, due to runoff concentration in flow paths. Nevertheless, final soil loss rates were comparable for all soil roughness categories, indicating that random roughness is only important in influencing runoff rates and the time to initiate runoff, but not in influencing sediment export through soil loss rates.

Uso de plasma rico em plaquetas em úlceras de córnea em cães

This study aims to clinically and macroscopically evaluate the adjuvant therapy with platelet-rich plasma in the form of eyedrops or clot, for corneal ulcers in dogs treated at the Veterinary Ophthalmology Service. We analyzed 20 eyes diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis, divided into two experimental groups. The eyedrop group (GC) was composed of eyes treated topically with eyedrops of autologous plateletrich plasma (PRP), and the clot group (GT) was composed of eyes treated with a platelet-rich clot and covered with a third eyelid for retention of the clot. The groups were evaluated by clinical and macroscopic analysis and by the analysis of epithelial defect reduction, at different times, at three, five, ten, 15 and 30 days, except for the third day in GT. The coverage of the third eyelid was removed on the fifth day. In both groups the inflammation signs reduced, there was an improvement in ocular sensibility and proper repair of epithelial defect. All GT eyes and 70% GC eyes showed complete healing on the fifth day, the remainder of GC completed healing on the tenth day. PRP in the form of eyedrops and clot is an excellent adjuvant therapy to be instituted in the clinical treatment for corneal ulcer in dogs, because it decreases the inflammatory signs and the ocular pain and it potentially assists in healing epithelial defects.

Modulação da doença periodontal por curcumin modificado quimicamente. Estudo de dose-resposta em roedor

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Toxicity of photodynamic therapy with LED associated to Photogem (R): An in vivo study

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of PhotogemA (R)-mediated photosensitization on rat palatal mucosa and the biodistribution of the photosensitizer in this tissue. A solution of PhotogemA (R) (500 or 1000 mg/l) was applied to the palatal mucosa for 30 min and the exposure time to blue LED (460 nm) was 20 min (144 J/cm(2)). At 0, 1, 3, and 7 days, palatal mucosa was photographed for macroscopic analysis. After killing, the palate was removed for microscopic analysis. Thermal mapping evaluated temperature change in the tissue during irradiation. All experimental groups revealed intact mucosa in the macroscopic analysis. Tissue alterations were observed microscopically for only four out of 80 animals subjected to PDT. Fluorescence emitted by PhotogemA (R) was identified and was limited to the epithelial layer. A temperature increase from 35 to 41A degrees C was recorded. PhotogemA (R)- mediated PDT was not toxic to the rat palatal mucosa.

Histologia e ultraestrutura do rim e rim cefálico do pacu

O pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, é um teleósteo da Família Characidae, intensivamente cultivado no Brasil devido sua rusticidade, crescimento rápido e fácil adaptação. O conhecimento morfológico dos sistemas corpóreos, incluído órgãos linfóide, se faz necessário, para uma melhor produção no cultivo de peixes, fornecendo subsídios na manutenção dos estoques. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever morfologicamente o rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus, analisando os perfis celulares de cada órgão com o uso de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O resultado da análise macroscópica mostrou que a localização do rim e rim cefálico são as mesmas encontradas na maioria dos teleósteos. O rim apresentou uma forma em "H", onde a região média se expandia sobre a bexiga natatória. O rim cefálico se apresentou como uma dilatação na região cranial do rim, mostrando-se bem visível. Na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão também foram observadas similaridades ultraestruturais com outros teleósteos. Observando nossos resultados concluímos que histologicamente e ultraestruturalmente, os órgãos linfóides rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus são similares aos de outros teleósteos.