Seasonal patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in digestive gland and arm of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from the Northwest Atlantic

Among organic pollutants existing in coastal areas, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their ubiquity and carcinogenic potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal patterns of PAHs in the digestive gland and arm of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from the Northwest Atlantic Portuguese coast. In the different seasons, 18 PAHs were determined and the detoxification capacity of the species was evaluated. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activities were measured to assess phase I biotransformation capacity. Individual PAH ratios were used for major source (pyrolytic/petrogenic) analysis. Risks for human consumption were determined by the total toxicity equivalence approach. Generally, low levels of PAHs were detected in the digestive gland and in the arm of octopus, with a predominance of low molecular over high molecular weight compounds. PAHs exhibited seasonality in the concentrations detected and in their main emission sources. In the digestive gland, the highest total PAH levels were observed in autumn possibly related to fat availability in the ecosystem and food intake. The lack of PAH elimination observed in the digestive gland after captivity could be possibly associated to a low biotransformation capacity, consistent with the negligible/undetected levels of EROD and ECOD activity in the different seasons. The emission sources of PAHs found in the digestive gland varied from a petrogenic profile observed in winter to a pyrolytic pattern in spring. In the arm, the highest PAH contents were observed in June; nevertheless, levels were always below the regulatory limits established for food consumption. The carcinogenic potential calculated for all the sampling periods in the arm were markedly lower than the ones found in various aquatic species from different marine environments. The results presented in this study give relevant baseline data for environmental monitoring of organic pollution in coastal areas.

Impact of excipients in the chronic toxicity of fluoxetine on the alga Chlorella vulgaris

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used in the treatment of major depression. It has been detected in surface and wastewaters, being able to negatively affect aquatic organisms. Most of the ecotoxicity studies focused only in pharmaceuticals, though excipients can also pose a risk to non-target organisms. In this work the ecotoxicity of five medicines (three generic formulations and two brand labels) containing the same active substance (fluoxetine hydrochloride) was tested on the alga Chlorella vulgaris, in order to evaluate if excipients can influence their ecotoxicity. Effective concentrations that cause 50% of inhibition (EC50) ranging from 0.25 to 15 mg L−1 were obtained in the growth inhibition test performed for the different medicines. The corresponding values for fluoxetine concentration are 10 times lower. Higher EC50 values had been published for the same alga considering only the toxicity of fluoxetine. Therefore, this increase in toxicity may be attributed to the presence of excipients. Thus more studies on ecotoxicological effects of excipients are required in order to assess the environmental risk they may pose to aquatic organisms.

Accumulation, responses and genotoxicity of trace elements in octopus vulgaris

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Bioquímica pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Um sensor de peróxido de hidrogénio numa bacteria anaeróbia: a PerR de Desulfovobrio vulgaris vulgaris Hildenborough

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Bioquímica Estrutural e Funcional, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Estudo do crescimento da microalga Chlorella vulgaris numa água residual tratada, sob diferentes condições de fotoperíodo e temperatura

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Energia e Bioenergia

Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus: experience with 71 patients over a 20 year period

Forty one cases of pemphigus vulgaris and thirty cases of pemphigus foliaceus were investigated at Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho from 1978 to 1999. They were divided into two treatment groups: one group received up to 100 mg of oral prednisone daily and the other group received >120 mg daily. The dose up to 100 mg provided good initial control of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus and did not increase the mortality rate associated to disease. The dose >120 mg induced higher morbidity. These data allowed us to establish a regimen of oral prednisone (1-2 mg/kg/daily) with maximum of 120 mg daily in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus.

Viabilidade económica e energética do biodiesel produzido a partir de Chlorella vulgaris

Contemporaneamente o Homem depara-se com um dos grandes desafios que é o de efetivar a transição para um futuro sustentável. Assim, o setor da energia tem um papel fundamental neste processo de transição, com principal enfoque no setor dos automóveis, sendo este um setor que contribui com elevadas quantidades de gases de efeito estufa libertados para a atmosfera. Também a escassez dos recursos petrolíferos constitui um ponto fundamental no tema apresentado. Com a necessidade de combater esses problemas é que se tem vindo a tentar desenvolver combustíveis renováveis e neutros quanto às emissões. A primeira geração de biocombustíveis obtidos através de culturas agrícolas terrestres preenche em parte esses requisitos, porém, não atinge os valores da procura e ainda competem com a produção de alimentos. Daí o interesse na aposta de uma segunda geração de biocombustíveis produzidos de fontes que não pertencem à cadeia alimentar e são residuais mas, que mesmo assim não permitem satisfazer as necessidades de matériaprima. A terceira geração de biocombustíveis vem justamente responder a estas questões pois assenta em matérias-primas que não competem pela utilização do solo agrícola nem são usadas para fins alimentares, tendo produtividades areais substancialmente superiores às que as culturas convencionais ou biomassas residuais conseguem assegurar. A matéria prima de terceira geração são portanto as microalgas, cujas produtividades em biomassa são extremamente elevadas, para além de produtividades muito superiores em lípidos, hidratos de carbono e/ou outros produtos de valor elevado. No entanto, este tipo de produção de biocombustível ainda enfrenta alguns problemas técnicos que o tornam num processo dispendioso para competir economicamente com outros tipos de produção de biodiesel. Na linha do que foi dito anteriormente, este trabalho apresenta um estudo de viabilidade económica e energética do biodiesel produzido através da Chlorella vulgaris, apresentando as técnicas e resultados de cultivo da Chlorella vulgaris e posteriormente de produção do biodiesel através dos lípidos obtidos através da mesma. Para melhorar a colheita das microalgas, que é uma das fases mais dispendiosas, testou-se o aumento de pH e a adição de um floculante (Pax XL-10), sendo que o primeiro não permitiu obter resultados satisfatórios, enquanto o segundo permitiu obter resultados de rendimento na ordem dos 90%. Mesmo com a melhoria da etapa da colheita, o preço mínimo do biodiesel produzido a partir do óleo de Chlorella vulgaris, com as condições ótimas de cultivo e produtividades máximas encontradas na literatura, foi de 8,76 €/L, pois, na análise económica, o Pax XL-10 revelou-se extremamente caro para utilizar na floculação de microalgas para obtenção de um produto de baixo valor, como é o biodiesel. A não utilização da floculação reduz o preço do biodiesel para 7,85 €/L. O que se pode concluir deste trabalho é que face às técnicas utilizadas, a produção de biodiesel Chlorella vulgaris apenas, não é economicamente viável, pelo que para viabilizar a sustentabilidade do processo seria ainda necessário desenvolver mais esforços no sentido de otimizar a produção de biodiesel, eventualmente associando-a à produção de um outro biocombustível produzido a partir da biomassa extraída residual e/ou da recuperação de outros produtos de maior valor.

Refractory pemphigus vulgaris associated with herpes infection: case report and review

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa, which develops due to the interaction between predisposing genetic and environmental factors. Infections caused by members of the Herpesviridae family have been suggested as a possible triggering factor for PV. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this report, we investigate the presence of herpesviruses in refractory lesions on the right upper eyelid. The lesion has persisted despite the treatment with corticosteroids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis have been used to detect the DNA of HSV 1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. RESULTS: The sample collected from the right upper eyelid has tested positive for HSV 1/2. Sequence analysis has confirmed the PCR results and allowed the identification of the HSV strain as belonging to type 1. After treatment with acyclovir, the lesion of the right upper eyelid has cleared and not relapsed. CONCLUSION: When patients present PV lesions which are refractory to corticosteroid therapy, herpetic infection should be considered.

Construção e caracterização de mutantes dirigidos da CbiKP de Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Formation of a stable cyano-bridged dinuclear iron cluster following oxidation of the superoxide reductases from Treponema pallidum and Desulfovibrio vulgaris with K(3)Fe(CN)(6)

Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42 (4), pp 938–940 DOI: 10.1021/ic0262886

Desulfovibrio vulgaris defenses against oxidative and nitrosative stresses

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry

Nail manifestations in pemphigus vulgaris

Nail involvement in pemphigus vulgaris is rare. We describe 5 patients with pemphigus vulgaris presenting nail involvement. In this disease, nail manifestations present, by order of frequency, as chronic paronychia, onychomadesis, onycholysis, Beau's lines and trachyonychia. All our 5 cases presented with paronychia, and 1 of them also had Beau's lines. Treatment with prednisone and/or cyclophosphamide controlled mucocutaneous and nail manifestations in all cases.

Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem) and pemphigus vulgaris: immunoglobulin G heterogeneity detected by indirect immunofluorescence

Pemphigus are autoimmune intraepidermal blistering diseases in which immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies are directed against desmosomal glycoproteins. The aim of this study was to determine the IgG subclass profile of endemic pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem) and pemphigus vulgaris utilizing indirect immunofluorescence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with pemphigus vulgaris, 25 with endemic pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem), and 25 healthy controls were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence for circulating autoantibodies (total IgG and its subclasses). RESULTS: Our data revealed a significant correlation (P <.05) of disease activity and autoantibody levels in both forms of pemphigus, i.e., negative titers related to clinical remission, whereas positive results related to active disease. Immunoglobulin G subclass analysis in fogo selvagem demonstrated that in patients in remission, 56% showed positive immunoglobulin G4; in active disease, immunoglobulin G4 was the predominant subclass (100% positive in all cases). The IgG subclass profile in pemphigus vulgaris showed that in patients in remission, only 10% were positive for immunoglobulin G4; in active disease, positivity for immunoglobulin G4 was present in 78% to 88% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Subclass characterization of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies is a useful tool for pemphigus follow-up, since immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is the subclass that is closely related to recognition of pathogenic epitopes, and consequently with disease activity. Careful monitoring should be performed for fogo selvagem in clinical remission with a homogeneous IgG4 response, since this may indicate more frequent relapses.

Toxicity and repellency of essential oils to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in Phaseolus vulgaris L

The effects of tangerine (Phaseolus vulgaris Blanco), lemon (Citrus medica limonum Lush), pear orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), red copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.), rosemary (Baccharis dracunculifolia De Candole), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière and E. citriodora Hook), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) and citronella (Cimbopogon nardus Linnaeus) oils at several concentrations on Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) were studied. In toxicity tests, grains of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Rajadinho were impregnated with oils and infested with adults of Z. subfasciatus up to 24 hours old. All tested oils were effective in reducing the viable egg-laying and adult emergence of this pest, in function of the concentrations used, highlighting E. citriodora and E. globulus oils which caused 100% effectiveness from 0.5 mL Kg-1 concentration. In repellency tests, two arenas consisting of plastic containers, connected symmetrically to a central box by two plastic tubes were used. In one of the boxes, untreated beans were placed and on the other ones beans treated with each oil concentration were used. In the central box, five couples of Z. subfasciatus were released. Grains of P. vulgaris treated with oils of E. citriodora, C. citratus and C. oleifera reduced the attraction percentage of Z. subfasciatus adults, while the E. globulus increased this percentage. The percentages of reduced viable eggs ranged from 17.9% (C. medica limonum) to 93.3% (C. nardus), while the reduction on the number of emerged insects was 23.9% and 95.9%, respectively for these same oils.

Spawning habitat selection by Octopus vulgaris: new insights for a more effective management of this resource

The selection of spawning habitat of a population of Octopus vulgaris that is subject to a small-scale exploitation was studied in the Cíes Islands within the National Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia (NW Spain). The technique used was visual censuses by scuba diving. We conducted 93 visual censuses from April 2012 to April 2014. The total swept area was 123.69 ha. Habitat features (season, depth, zone, bottom temperature, swept area, bottom substrate type, and creels fishing impact) were evaluated as predictors of the presence/absence of spawning dens using GAM models. O. vulgaris has a noteworthy preference for spawning in areas with hard bottom substrate and moderate depth (approximately 20 m). The higher density of spawning dens (1.08ha−1) was found in a surveyed area of 50.14ha located in the northeastern part of the northern Cíes Island. We propose to protect the area comprised from Punta Escodelo to Punta Ferreiro between 5 and 30 m depth. This area has a surface of 158 ha equivalent to 5.98% of the total marine area of the Cíes islands. The strengths and weaknesses of a management strategy based on the protection of the species’ spawning habitat are discussed.