Producción de biomasa pigmentada de color rojo a partir de un cultivo mixto, en medio sintético y su evaluación en nutrición de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología) UANL

Producción de tripsina de camarón blanco del pacífico (Litopenaeus vannamei) en Pichia pastoris

Tesis ( Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología) UANL

Comparación de las diferentes fases de infección del virus del síndrome Taura (VST) detectadas en camarones Litopenaeus vannamei cultivados y las descripciones obtenidas en camarones de la misma especie inoculados experimentalmente

Tesis ( Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas con Especialidad en Sanidad Acuícola) UANL

Efecto de las aminas biogénicas presentes en harinas de pescado o suplementadas en la dieta del camarón azúl Litopenaeus Stylirostris

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas con Especialidad en Acuacultura) UANL

Clonación y caracterización molecular de las proteínas estructurales mayores (VP13, VP19, VP26 y VP28) del virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (Whispovirus, Nimaviridae), patógeno de Litopenaeus spp. cultivado en granjas del Pacífico Mexicano

Tesis ( Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Especialidad en Sanidad Acuicola) U.A.N.L.

Determinación de la digestibilidad aparente de aminoácidos de ingredientes utilizados en alimentos comerciales para camarón blanco (Litopenaeus Vannamei) en México.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas con Acentuación en Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos para Organismos Acuáticos) UANL, 2011.

Uso potencial de la macroalga verde Ulva clathrata en el cultivo de camarón blanco litopenaeus vannamei.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología) UANL, 2011.

Contribuciones para el estudio del requerimiento de metionina en juveniles del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología) UANL, 2012.

Patógenos en litopenaeus vannamei boone, 1931 (crustacea decápoda) en tres sistemas diferentes de cultivo y su asociación con parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos en Tamaulipas, México.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Acentuación en Manejo de Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Sustentable) UANL, 2011.

Evaluación de un sistema cerrado de recirculación con camarones (Litopenaeus vannamei), para establecer un modelo de análisis de riesgos y control de puntos críticos (HACCP)

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Acentuación en Manejo de Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Sustentable.) UANL, 2009.

Efecto toxicológico de la presencia de aflatoxinas y utilización de productos remediadores en juveniles de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Especialidad en Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos para Organismos Acuáticos) UANL, 2013.

Enzyme assisted extraction of chitin from shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei)

BACKGROUND: Chemical chitin extraction generates large amounts of wastes and increases partial deacetylation of the product. Therefore, the use of biological methods for chitin extraction is an interesting alternative. The effects of process conditions on enzyme assisted extraction of chitin from the shrimp shells in a systematic way were the focal points of this study. RESULTS: Demineralisation conditions of 25C, 20 min, shells-lactic acid ratio of 1:1.1 w/w; and shells-acetic acid ratio of 1:1.2 w/w, the maximum demineralisation values were 98.64 and 97.57% for lactic and acetic acids, respectively. A total protein removal efficiency of 91.10% by protease from Streptomyces griseus with enzyme-substrate ratio 55 U/g, pH 7.0 and incubation time 3 h is obtained when the particle size range is 50-25 μm, which was identified as the most critical factor. The X-ray diffraction and 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis showed that the lower percent crystallinity and higher degree of acetylation of chitin from enzyme assisted extraction may exhibit better solubility properties and less depolymerisation in comparison with chitin from the chemical extraction. CONCLUSION: The present work investigates the effects of individual factors on process yields, and it has shown that, if the particle size is properly controlled a reaction time of 3 h is more than enough for deproteination by protease. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the enzyme assisted production of chitin seems appropriate to extract chitin, possibly retaining its native structure.

Análise do comportamento e crescimento do camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) em diferentes substratos inconsolidados

The aim of this study was to test the sediment preference of L. vannamei shrimp. It was observed shrimp visit frequency, swimming and burying behaviour at different sediment compositions for 24h. Juvenile (0.93 ± 0.29g) and sub-adult shrimps (10.0 ± 1.18g) were obtained from the aquaculture station at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido UFERSA, and held in a plastic tank (water volume 500 L) supplied with aerated water and kept at constant temperature, pH, and salinity. Shrimp was fed by commercial shrimp dry food. The experimental substrates were composed by A: medium sand + thick sand + very thick sand + gravel; B: very fine sand + fine sand; and C: silt + clay. Thus, six different substrate combinations were tested: A, B, C, A+B, A+C, B+C. To test preference, it was used a cylindrical tank (40 l) divided into six differently substrate compartments. A single shrimp was introduced each tank and the frequency at which this shrimp visited each compartment was recorded over a 24h study period. It was tested 54 shrimp (18 sub-adult males, 18 subadult females and 18 juveniles). For each trial, sediment and water were changed to avoid pheromones and residues influence. Shrimp were weighted and sub-adults were divided by sex: males present petasma and females present thelycum. Data were collected on the experimental day at 19:30; 20:30; 00:30; 1:30; 05:30; 06:30; 13:30 and 14:30 h. At each time point, shrimp were observed for 20-min periods, in which we noted down which compartment the shrimp was occupying at 2-min intervals. Thus, for each period we had eleven observations (88 observations per day). For observations at night, it was used dim red light that did not affect shrimp behaviour. At each 20-min period, it was observed visit frequency in each substrate, if shrimp was burred or not or if it was swimming. There was not significant difference between light and dark burry activity for females. Swimming activity was significantly higher at night, mainly at 00:30 and 01:30 h. All L. vannamei shrimp showed preference for sediment B. This animal presents cyclic activity, spends the day light period buried and swims at night

Biodiversidade e abundância da ictiofauna associada ao cultivo orgânico de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)

The expansion of shrimp farming has caused a series of environmental impacts, often as a result of lack of planning and adequate management. Organic aquaculture has emerged as an alternative to conventional shrimp farming, and differently, aims at the economical, ecological and farming potential of other organisms, such as fishes, oysters and seaweeds. The present study aimed at evaluating the biological diversity and abundance of the ichthyofauna associated to Litopenaeus vannamei organic culture at PRIMAR farm (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). The sampling period consisted of four culture cycles (1, 2, 3, and 4) accomplished in four grow-out ponds (V1, V7, V2, and V4) in 2005. The first two culture cycles were carried out during the rainy season, and the last two cycles, during the dry season. Environmental (temperature, salinity, transparency, and rainfall), biodiversity (diversity and uniformity and abundance indexes) of the ichthyofauna, and shrimp productivity data were collected throughout these four culture cycles. The results obtained for the environmental variables showed that both salinity and transparency oscillated in a significant way (p < 0.001) between culture cycles. In relation to the abundance of the ichthyofauna, fifty four species associated to the organic culture of Litopenaeus vannamei were collected and identified at PRIMAR. For the biodiversity criterion, larger species richness (S = 46) and uniformity (E = 0.59 ± 0.16) were observed during cycles 3 and 4 than in cycles 1 and 2 (S = 41 and E = 0.15 ± 0.12). A positive and significant correlation was obtained for the transparency with diversity and uniformity of fish species between cycles 1 and 2 (wet season) and cycles 3 and 4 (dry season) (p < 0.017 - Shannon Index; p < 0.008 - Pielou Index, respectively). A correlation could not be established between shrimp productivity and fish biomass. However, fish biomass decreased from cycles 1 and 2 to cycles 3 and 4, concomitant with an increase in shrimp productivity, most probably due to a higher (from 58.0% to 71.0%) shrimp survival. Regarding the culture potential of the ichthyofauna, three species (Mugil curema, Mugil liza and Chaetodipterus faber) were identified as potential farming alternatives, either singly or in consortium with Litopenaeus vannamei. A fourth species (Centropomus undecimalis) was indicated as an alternative for single culture or in consortium with other fish species. In conclusion, the large diversity of estuarine fishes associated to Litopenaeus vannamei farming observed at PRIMAR clearly indicated the ecological feasibility for organic aquaculture in northeastern Brazil

Potencial terapêutico de um heparinóide isolado do invertebrado marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

The occurrence of bioactive compounds in marine organisms comes awaking the interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide which presence was already identified in several marine invertebrates, is very attractive due its remarkable functional versatility. Besides to intervene in blood coagulation, this molecule has a great anti-inflammatory potential. However, its strong anticoagulant activity difficult the clinical exploitation of its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the effect of a heparin-like compound (heparinoid), isolated from the cephalotorax of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, on the inflammatory response, hemostasia and synthesis of antithrombotic heparan sulfate by endothelial cells, besides studying some aspects concerning its structure. The purified heparinoid was structurally characterized following an analytical boarding, involving electrophoresis and chromatography. The structural analysis have shown that this compound possess a high content of glucuronic acid residues and disulfated disaccharide units. In contrast to mammalian heparin, the heparinoid was incapable to stimulate the synthesis of heparan sulfate by endothelial cells in the tested concentrations, beyond to show reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect. In a model of acute inflammation, the compound isolated from the shrimp reduced more than 50% of the cellular infiltration. Besides reduce the activity of MMP-9 and proMMP-2 of the peritoneal lavage of inflamed animals, the heparinoid also reduced the activity of MMP-9 secreted by activated human leukocytes. These results demonstrate the potential of heparinoid from L. vannamei to intervene in the inflammatory response. For possessing reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect, this compound can serve as a structural model to direct the development of more specific therapeutical agents to the treatment of inflammatory diseases