The bee genus Caenaugochlora (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) and its constituent subgenera, with new species of Caenaugochlora s.str. from Ecuador

Two new species of Caenaugochlora Michener are described and figured from Ecuador. Caenaugochlora quichua sp. n. and C. bennetti sp. n. are both remarkable for the presence of carinate preoccipital carinae, setose compound eyes, strongly rimmed metabasitibial plate, normally pectinate inner metatibial spur, metapostnotal striae not reaching the apical margin, and the male fourth metasomal sterna with lateral projections. The combination of these features intermingle attributes of the presently recognized subgenera, while others are unique to the genus as a whole. A revised diagnosis is provided for the genus and its two subgenera, with Caenaugochlora s.str. accommodating C. bennetti and C. quichua, and brief comments made regarding the implications of the characters exhibited by the aforementioned species.

Zur Evolution des Cytoskeletts beim Sibirischen Stör Acipenser baeri

Im Rahmen meiner Arbeit wurden erstmals die Intermediärfilament-Proteine (IF-Proteine) des Sibirischen Störs Acipenser baeri (Strahlenflosser, Knorpelganoid) kloniert und sequenziert. Aus einer cDNA-Bank konnten die Sequenzen von 13 IF-Proteine gewonnen werden. Von insgesamt zehn Keratinen codieren sieben für Typ I-Keratine und drei für Typ II. Zusätzlich konnten noch Desmin, Vimentin und ein Lamin identifiziert werden. Je einem Typ I- (K13) und einem Typ-II-Keratin (K2) fehlen wenige Aminosäuren in der Head-Domäne.Cytoskelett-Präparationen aus Epidermis, Mitteldarm, Magen und Kieme wurden mittels 2D-PAGE aufgetrennt. Durch Einsatz des CKBB-Test und Immunoblots wurden die verschiedenen Typ I und II-Keratine sowie Desmin und Vimentin identifiziert. Die gewebsspezifische Expression der Keratine ermöglichte zumeist ihre Einteilung in 'E' (epidermal) und 'S' ('simple epithelial').Die MALDI-MS-Analyse einer 2D-PAGE-Koelektrophorese von Seitenflosse und Mitteldarm zeigte, daß die 34 vorhandenen Proteinflecke auf nur 13 verschiedene IF-Proteine zurückgehen. Neun dieser Flecke konnten Sequenzen zugewiesen werden. Zusammen mit den verbleibenden vier Proteinflecken ergeben sich für den Stör nunmehr insgesamt 17 bekannte IF-Proteine. Von drei biochemisch identifizierten IS-Keratinen kommt eines nur im Mitteldarm vor und nur einem konnte eine Sequenz zugeordnet werden (K18). Dem einzigen Typ IIS-Keratin konnte keine Sequenz zugeordnet werden, wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um dabei um das K8-Orthologe. Jedem der fünf Typ IE-Proteine konnte eine Sequenz zugeordnet werden (K10 bis K14), ebenso wie dem einzigen identifizierten Typ IIE-Keratin (K2). Von den Typ III-Proteinen wurden Desmin und Vimentin ihren Proteinflecken zugeordnet. Die nicht zugeordnete Sequenz aba-k1 codiert möglicherweise für ein IIE-Keratin, während aba-k15 vermutlich die Sequenz für ein IE-Keratin enthält. Bei den Proteinflecken, denen eine Sequenz zugeordnet werden konnten, kann für Aba-K2 die Zugehörigkeit zum IIE-Typ angenommen werden, während es sich bei Aba-K10 wahrscheinlich um ein IE-Keratin handelt.Durch Datenbankvergleiche und molekulare Stammbäume konnte die Zugehörigkeit der identifizierten Lamin-Sequenz zum B3-Subtyp der Vertebraten gezeigt werden.Die Daten der Biochemie und indirekten Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie zeigen, daß Keratine in Epithelien und Vimentin in mesenchymalen Geweben vorkommen. Es existieren starke Hinweise, daß im letzten Gewebetyp Keratine auch koexprimiert werden. Desmin kommt in großen Mengen im Magen und im Mitteldarm vor und stellt dort das prominenteste Protein.Mit den gewonnenen Sequenzdaten wurden molekulare Stammbäume und Sequenzidentitäten berechnet. Die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der verschiedenen IF-Proteine sowie der Wirbeltiere werden diskutiert.

A linguistically informed autosomal STR survey of human populations residing in the Greater Himalayan Region

The greater Himalayan region demarcates two of the most prominent linguistic phyla in Asia: Tibeto-Burman and Indo-European. Previous genetic surveys, mainly using Y-chromosome polymorphisms and/or mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms suggested a substantially reduced geneflow between populations belonging to these two phyla. These studies, however, have mainly focussed on populations residing far to the north and/or south of this mountain range, and have not been able to study geneflow patterns within the greater Himalayan region itself. We now report a detailed, linguistically informed, genetic survey of Tibeto-Burman and Indo-European speakers from the Himalayan countries Nepal and Bhutan based on autosomal microsatellite markers and compare these populations with surrounding regions. The genetic differentiation between populations within the Himalayas seems to be much higher than between populations in the neighbouring countries. We also observe a remarkable genetic differentiation between the Tibeto-Burman speaking populations on the one hand and Indo-European speaking populations on the other, suggesting that language and geography have played an equally large role in defining the genetic composition of present-day populations within the Himalayas.

Assessment of STR Typing Success Rate in Soft Tissues from Putrefied Bodies Based on a Quantitative Grading System for Putrefaction.

To date, there is no systematic investigation of the association of short tandem repeat (STR) typing success rate in soft tissues with different signs of putrefaction. Herein, putrefaction was rated using a newly developed 19-parameter system in soft tissues from a collective of 68 decaying bodies, and DNA yield was determined in 408 samples. DNA integrity was rated using a self-devised pentaplex PCR generating an "integrity score" (Si ). STR typing success rate was then assessed for selected cases. DNA yield and Si differed significantly between tissues with kidney on average exhibiting the highest Si values. Statistical analysis revealed that nine parameters were significantly and positively correlated with Si . The observed values for each of these nine parameters were summed up to generate a putrefaction score (Sp ) for each sample. Our results show that STR typing success rate can be predicted based on Sp before expensive multiplex STR profiling is performed.

Der Stör

Von Dr. Hermann Einfeldt

Der Stör

Von Walter Friedrichs

Liliaceae novae Africae australis gerbarii regii Berolinensis

Descriptae ab J. G. Baker

[Lilium martagon (Liliaceae)]

R. Anheisser

Die drei Kronen der Welt : Trauerrede am Begräbnisstage, den 5-ten Feber 1889. Sr. königl. Hoheit, des Thronfolgers der östr.- ungar. Monarchie Kronprinz Rudolf seligen Andenkens gehalten in der Synagoge zu Karczag

von Salamon Schück

Pollen records of profile Krumbach from southern Germany

Some years ago a fossil lake basin was found in the northeastern part of the former Rhine-pied- mont-glacier, situated between the endmoraine system ofthe elassical Riß- andWürm glacia- tions, respectively. The lacustrine sediments contain the pollenflora ofthe Eemian interglacial. They are intensively thrusted. These sediments are eovered by a loam-layer, rieh in elasts. The thickness of this loam-layer varies between at least 170 and 400 cm. It consists in its major part of loess-loam and solifluction material. Yet just on top of the lake sediments mentioned an in- tensively compressed loam, characterized by quarzgrains with all features of glacially pressed material, together with striated elasts is met with. It strongly resembles atil!. Ifthis is true, the stratigraphie division ofthe last glaciation strongly deviates from the hitherto accepted scheme, incorporating an early glacier advance, long before the elassical young-endmoraine systems of the Würm glaciation were formed.

Análise de frequências alélicas de 15 marcadores STR em alunos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru

Entre as muitas aplicações das tecnologias de identificação biológica humana, estão as finalidades forenses. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar frequências alélicas de Short Tandem Repeat (STR) e os parâmetros estatísticos de interesse em genética de populações e forense para desenvolver o primeiro banco de dados populacional de DNA na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, (FOB/USP) para futuros usos forenses. Frequências alélicas de 15 locos autossômicos e do marcador de gênero amelogenina foram determinadas utilizando amostras de 200 μL de saliva doados por 296 alunos de graduação da FOB/USP, com idade ≥ 18 anos, após aprovação ética. Os testes laboratoriais foram feitos com kits comerciais. Resultados e parâmetros estatísticos foram obtidos por meio de programas clássicos: GeneMapper-ID-X, MS Excel 2002 versão 10.6871.6870, GenAlEx 6.5 e Arlequin 3.5, comparando quatro populações (brasileira, portuguesa, norte-americana e a população deste estudo). Os locos mais polimórficos foram D18S51 (17 alelos) e FGA (15 alelos), seguidos pelo D21S11 (13 alelos) e os menos polimórficos foram D16S539 e TH01 (7 alelos cada). A análise comparativa com amostra da população brasileira proveniente de estudos anteriores (n > 100.000) pelo teste goodness of fit X2 index não mostrou diferenças significativas entre estes grupos (p = 0,9999). Outros parâmetros estatísticos foram calculados comparando as populações: local (deste estudo), portuguesa e norte-americana. A análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) entre as três populações, entre as pessoas da mesma população e para cada pessoa de cada população mostrou que existe uma elevada variância individual (99%), que esta variância é mantida uniformemente entre as pessoas da mesma amostra/região (1%) e entre as três populações estudadas (0%). O estudo confirmou o elevado grau de polimorfismo e a alta heterozigosidade (96,5%) da população. Houve diferença significativa quanto ao gênero (79,7% mulheres) quando comparado à população brasileira em geral (50,4%), explicada pelas características do corpo discente da FOB/USP composto por 80,6% de pessoas do gênero feminino. Interessante foi a observação de uma microvariante alélica no loco D18S51, fora da escada padrão e da escala de abrangência do kit, correspondente ao alelo 29, ainda não definida na base de dados internacional (STRBase, atualizada em 07/08/2015). Esta microvariante deverá ser confirmada por testes familiares e sequenciamento de DNA para verificar a possibilidade de outra ocorrência familiar ou duplicação de nucleotídeos. No futuro, os dados obtidos neste estudo devem ser incorporados ao banco de dados da população brasileira e podem ser considerados como referência genética da população regional, ajudando a elucidar casos forenses. Após a confirmação, a potencial nova microvariante alélica contribuirá para a base de dados internacional STRBase.

Short term rehabilitation (STR) study. Interim analysis of STR performance and effectiveness. 12-month analyses. Interim report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Driver and Pedestrian Programs, Washington, D.C.

Die Otiorhynchiden s. str. nach den morphologischen Verwandtschaftsverhältnissen ihres Hautscelet's vergleichend dargestellt /

Índice.