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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa

The spider genus Pandava Lehtinen previously included two species, P. laminata (Thorell) and P. hunanensis Yin and Bao, known from Asia and the Pacific Islands. The genus is diagnosed by the reduced tegular process on the male palp and the anterior position of the copulatory openings on the female epigynum. In this paper, we present updated descriptions for the known species of Pandava and we describe five new species: Pandava shiva sp. nov. from Pakistan, Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. from Myanmar; Pandava ganesha sp. nov., Pandava kama sp. nov. and Pandava ganga sp. nov., all from India. We also update the generic distribution including the first records of Titanoecidae from Africa.

On the poorly known genus Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 (Araneae: Titanoecidae)

The spider genus Anuvinda includes a single species described from India, Anuvinda escheri (Reimoser), based on a female. The male remained unknown and no other specimens beyond the type specimen are known. In this paper we present the first description of the male of A. escheri and the redescription of the female, based on material recently collected in China, Laos and Thailand. In addition, the distribution range of the species is extended to include these three countries.

Copy of Gov[erno]r Philips's additional instructions about settling some Palatine families in Nova Scotia: Copy Col. Dunbar's additional instruction about settling some Irish families in Nova Scotia : manuscript, [1730]

Copies of two documents, approved 20 Apr. 1730; instructions to Richard Philips state that a number of Protestant Irish and Palatine families have been granted land in Nova Scotia, to be surveyed by David Dunbar; and instructions to Dunbar to survey and lay out land for the families.

Biblii͡a, siri͡echʹ svi͡ashtenno-to pisanie na vetkhyĭ i novyĭ zavi͡et : vi͡erno i tochno pri͡evedeno ot pʹrvoobrazno-to.

Publication information in Turkish on t.p.

Post Hoc Analysis Of The Patricia Randomized Trial Of The Efficacy Of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (hpv-16)/hpv-18 As04-adjuvanted Vaccine Against Incident And Persistent Infection With Nonvaccine Oncogenic Hpv Types Using An Alternative Multiplex Type-specific Pcr Assay For Hpv Dna.

The efficacy of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)/HPV-18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infections with HPV in the Papilloma Trial against Cancer in Young Adults (PATRICIA) was evaluated using a combination of the broad-spectrum L1-based SPF10 PCR-DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA)/line probe assay (LiPA25) system with type-specific PCRs for HPV-16 and -18. Broad-spectrum PCR assays may underestimate the presence of HPV genotypes present at relatively low concentrations in multiple infections, due to competition between genotypes. Therefore, samples were retrospectively reanalyzed using a testing algorithm incorporating the SPF10 PCR-DEIA/LiPA25 plus a novel E6-based multiplex type-specific PCR and reverse hybridization assay (MPTS12 RHA), which permits detection of a panel of nine oncogenic HPV genotypes (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58, and 59). For the vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18, there was no major impact on estimates of vaccine efficacy (VE) for incident or 6-month or 12-month persistent infections when the MPTS12 RHA was included in the testing algorithm versus estimates with the protocol-specified algorithm. However, the alternative testing algorithm showed greater sensitivity than the protocol-specified algorithm for detection of some nonvaccine oncogenic HPV types. More cases were gained in the control group than in the vaccine group, leading to higher point estimates of VE for 6-month and 12-month persistent infections for the nonvaccine oncogenic types included in the MPTS12 RHA assay (types 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58, and 59). This post hoc analysis indicates that the per-protocol testing algorithm used in PATRICIA underestimated the VE against some nonvaccine oncogenic HPV types and that the choice of the HPV DNA testing methodology is important for the evaluation of VE in clinical trials. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00122681.).

Phylogeny of the hard ticks (Ixodidae) inferred from 18S rRNA indicates that the genus Aponomma is paraphyletic

We examined the phylogeny of ticks (Acari:Parasitiformes:Ixodida) and their closest known mite relatives (Acari:Parasitiformes:Mesostigmata and Holothyrida) using 18S rRNA sequences. In our analyses, we included sequences from 36 taxa. Sequences for 13 hard ticks (Family Ixodidae), 5 soft ticks (Family Argasidae), and 2 mesostigmatid mites were obtained from the GenBank database and we generated sequences for 15 hard ticks and 1 holothyrid mite. Ten of these tick species were endemic to Australia. Our analyses indicated that the suborder Holothyrida is more closely related to Ixodida than to Mesostigmata, the group used as outgroup in earlier molecular studies. This finding is consistent with Lehtinen's (1991) hypothesis that the Holothyrida rather than the Mesostigmata is the sister-group to the Ixodida. Within the hard ticks the genus Aponomma and thus the family Amblyomminae were paraphyletic. Taxonomic revision of these taxa is needed. The genus Amblyomma was paraphyletic without the inclusion of typical Aponomma species (Ap. latum and Ap. fimbriatum). There was a basal divergence between endemic Australian and other species in both the Metastriata and the Prostriata divisions of the hard ticks. (C) 1999 Academic Press.

Perfil de risco cardíaco no diabetes mellitus e na glicemia de jejum alterada

OBJETIVO: A mortalidade dos pacientes diabéticos é maior do que a da população em geral e decorre especialmente das doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus (DM) ou glicemia de jejum alterada, a fim de direcionar as ações em saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostragem aleatória por conglomerado, constituída de 1.066 individuos, representativa da população urbana adulta (>20 anos) do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, realizado entre 1999 e 2000. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado sobre os fatores de risco coronariano e as características sociodemográficas a todos os adultos maiores de 20 anos residentes no domicílio selecionado. Após.os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e coleta de sangue para determinação de colesterol total e glicemia de jejum. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o pacote estatístico Stata 7. Foi estabelecido nível prévio de significância de 5%. As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas utilizando-se qui-quadrado de Pearson, enquanto que as contínuas mediante teste t de Student ou Anova, além de análise multivariável, todas controladas para efeito de conglomerado. RESULTADOS: De 992 indivíduos, 12,4% eram diabéticos e 7,4% apresentavam glicemia de jejum alterada. Dos fatores de risco estudados, os indivíduos com algum grau de alteração da homeostase glicêmica apresentaram maior prevalência de obesidade (17,8, 29,2 e 35,3% em normais, glicemia de jejum alterada e DM, respectivamente, p<0,001), hipertensão (30,1, 56,3 e 50,5% em normais, glicemia de jejum alterada e DM, respectivamente, p<0,001) e hipercolesterolemia (23,2, 35,1 e 39,5% em normais, glicemia de jejum alterada e DM, respectivamente, p=0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Indivíduos com alteração da homeostase glicêmica representam um grupo-alvo para a definição de ações preventivas em nível individual e populacional devido à maior prevalência de fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana.

A new genus of Holothyrina: Neothyridae (Arachnida, Anactinotrichida) from the Manaus area, Amazonas state, Brazil

A new genus of Neothyridae, type species Diplothyrus schubarti sp. n., is described from the leaf litter of a primary forest in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The two pairs of lateral excretory orifices instead of a single one in the type genus Neothyrus of the family Neothyridae, are diagnostic. A protonymph of Neothyrus ana Lehtinen, 1981, is also described as the first known nymphal stage of this family.

Prevalência, reconhecimento e controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica no estado do Rio Grande do Sul

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência dos fatores de risco das doenças cardiovasculares, em particular, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica na população adulta do RS, seu nível de reconhecimento e controle, além dos fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostragem aleatória por conglomerado, em 918 adultos >20 anos, realizada de 1999-2000, tendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica definida como pressão arterial >140/90 ou uso atual de anti-hipertensivos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi de 33,7% (n=309), sendo que 49,2% desconheciam ser hipertensos; 10,4% tinham conhecimento de ser hipertensos, mas não seguiam o tratamento; 30,1% seguiam o tratamento, mas não apresentavam controle adequado e 10,4% seguiam tratamento anti-hipertensivo com bom controle. Após análise multivariada, as características associadas significativamente com a presença de hipertensão arterial sistêmica foram: idade (OR=1,06), obesidade (OR=3,03) e baixa escolaridade (OR=1,82); as mesmas características foram associadas à falta de reconhecimento da hipertensão: idade (OR=1,05), obesidade (OR=2,46) e baixa escolaridade (OR=2,17). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica no RS manteve-se em níveis constantes nas últimas décadas, e seu grau de reconhecimento apresentou discreta melhora. Entretanto, o nível de controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica não apresentou crescimento. Este estudo permitiu definir um grupo-alvo - pessoas de maior idade, obesas e de baixa escolaridade - tanto para campanhas diagnósticas, como para a obtenção de maior controle de níveis pressóricos.

Circulating estrogens and progesterone during primiparous pregnancies and risk of maternal breast cancer.

Pregnancy reduces maternal risk of breast cancer in the long term, but the biological determinants of the protection are unknown. Animal experiments suggest that estrogens and progesterone could be involved, but direct human evidence is scant. A case-control study (536 cases and 1,049 controls) was nested within the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Eligible were primiparous women who delivered at term a singleton offspring before age 40. For each case, two individually matched controls by age (±6 months) and date of sampling (±3 months) were selected. Estradiol, estrone and progesterone in first-trimester serum were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassay. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through conditional logistic regression. In the whole study population there was no association of breast cancer with any of the studied hormones. In analyses stratified by age at diagnosis, however, estradiol concentrations were positively associated with risk of breast cancer before age 40 (upper quartile OR, 1.81; CI, 1.08-3.06), but inversely associated with risk in women who were diagnosed ≥age 40 (upper quartile OR, 0.64; CI, 0.40-1.04), p(interaction) 0.004. Risk estimates for estrone mirrored those for estradiol but were less pronounced. Progesterone was not associated with risk of subsequent breast cancer. Our results provide initial evidence that concentrations of estrogens during the early parts of a primiparous pregnancy are associated with maternal risk of breast cancer and suggest that the effect may differ for tumors diagnosed before and after age 40.