Les biblioteques escolars en el sistema de lectura pública de Catalunya

Les biblioteques escolars no reuneixen les condicions necessaries per a desenvolupar les tasques que el nou sistema educatiu li atorga. Les condicions i mides del local, la manca d'equipament, la poca actualització del fons i l'abséncia de personal amb la formació necessária son alguns deis aspectes que 1'experiéncia i l'estudi d'aquestes biblioteques han posat en evidencia des de fa anys. La manca de regulació de les biblioteques de les escoles i centres de secundaria ha deixat aquests centres, en molts casos, en mans del voluntarismo de mestres, pares i bibliotecaris.

Fluctuaciones cíclicas y raíces unitarias en la economia española, 1850-1990

En este artículo se analiza el grado de persistencia de las fluctuaciones cíclicas en la economía española. En concreto, se estudia si el PIB y el PIB por capita de esta economía presentan una raíz unitaria. Con el fin de evitar el sesgo a aceptar raíces unitarias cuando se producen cambios en la función de tendencia, como el originado por la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939), se han aplicado varios contrastes que tienen en cuenta los cambios en la función de tendencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una importante evidencia en el sentido que el logaritmo del PIB presenta una raíz unitaria. La principal implicación de este resultado es que los shocks sobre el producto tienen efectos permanentes en el nivel del PIB de la economía española, aun cuando esta hipótesis es más difícil de aceptar por el PIB por capita vista la evidencia contradictoria encontrada a favor de la misma.

Foreign trade traps in the european periphery: Spain, 1870-1913

In this article we research into the difficulties that foreign trade imposed onSpanish process of integration into the international economy in the years priorto the First World War. We start out by examining some features of the foreigntrade structure of the country. By means of an econometric analysis of importand export series, it is possible to observe the presence of a trend towards tradedeficit, which was in force when Spain grew at a rate similar to that of itstrading partners. We also check that, in the absence of these compensatorymechanisms, adjustment in foreign payments could be reached by means ofprotective measures and the exchange rate.

Fluctuaciones cíclicas y raíces unitarias en la economia española, 1850-1990

En este artículo se analiza el grado de persistencia de las fluctuaciones cíclicas en la economía española. En concreto, se estudia si el PIB y el PIB por capita de esta economía presentan una raíz unitaria. Con el fin de evitar el sesgo a aceptar raíces unitarias cuando se producen cambios en la función de tendencia, como el originado por la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939), se han aplicado varios contrastes que tienen en cuenta los cambios en la función de tendencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una importante evidencia en el sentido que el logaritmo del PIB presenta una raíz unitaria. La principal implicación de este resultado es que los shocks sobre el producto tienen efectos permanentes en el nivel del PIB de la economía española, aun cuando esta hipótesis es más difícil de aceptar por el PIB por capita vista la evidencia contradictoria encontrada a favor de la misma.

External Fluctuations in Front Propagation

We study the effects of external noise in a one-dimensional model of front propagation. Noise is introduced through the fluctuations of a control parameter leading to a multiplicative stochastic partial differential equation. Analytical and numerical results for the front shape and velocity are presented. The linear-marginal-stability theory is found to increase its range of validity in the presence of external noise. As a consequence noise can stabilize fronts not allowed by the deterministic equation.

Fingerlike aggregates in thin-layer electrodeposition

Electrodeposition experiments conducted in a thin-layer horizontal cell containing a nonbinary aqueous electrolyte prepared with cupric sulfate and sodium sulfate gave rise to fingerlike deposits, a novel and unexpected growth mode in this context. Both the leading instability from which fingers emerge and some distinctive features of their steady evolution are interpreted in terms of a simple model based on the existing theory of fingering in fluids.

Divergent signal-to-noise ratio and stochastic resonance in monostable systems

We present a class of systems for which the signal-to-noise ratio always increases when increasing the noise and diverges at infinite noise level. This new phenomenon is a direct consequence of the existence of a scaling law for the signal-to-noise ratio and implies the appearance of stochastic resonance in some monostable systems. We outline applications of our results to a wide variety of systems pertaining to different scientific areas. Two particular examples are discussed in detail.

Percolation and cluster Monte Carlo dynamics for spin models

A general scheme for devising efficient cluster dynamics proposed in a previous paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1541 (1994)] is extensively discussed. In particular, the strong connection among equilibrium properties of clusters and dynamic properties as the correlation time for magnetization is emphasized. The general scheme is applied to a number of frustrated spin models and the results discussed.

Absorbing boundary conditions for inertial processos

A recent paper by J. Heinrichs [Phys. Rev. E 48, 2397 (1993)] presents analytic expressions for the first-passage times and the survival probability for a particle moving in a field of random correlated forces. We believe that the analysis there is flawed due to an improper use of boundary conditions. We compare that result, in the white noise limit, with the known exact expression of the mean exit time.

First-passage-time statistics for diffusion processes with an external random force

We present exact equations and expressions for the first-passage-time statistics of dynamical systems that are a combination of a diffusion process and a random external force modeled as dichotomous Markov noise. We prove that the mean first passage time for this system does not show any resonantlike behavior.

Two-step chromatographic purification of human plasma alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein: its application to the purification of rare phenotype samples of the protein and their study by chromatography on immobilized metal chelate affinity adsorbent.

Alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (AAG) or orosomucoid was purified to homogeneity from human plasma by a separate two-step method using chromatography on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3G-A to cross-linked agarose and chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The conditions for the pre-purification of AAG by chromatography on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3G-A were first optimized using different buffer systems with different pH values. The overall yield of the combined techniques was 80% and ca. 12 mg of AAG were purified from an initial total amount of ca. 15 mg in a ca. 40 ml sample of human plasma. This method was applied to the purification of AAG samples corresponding to the three main phenotypes of the protein (FI*S/A, F1/A and S/A), from individual human plasma previously phenotyped for AAG. A study by isoelectric focusing with carrier ampholytes showed that the microheterogeneity of the purified F1*S/A, F1/A and S/A AAG samples was similar to that of AAG in the corresponding plasma, thus suggesting that no apparent desialylation of the glycoprotein occurred during the purification steps. This method was also applied to the purification of AAG samples corresponding to rare phenotypes of the protein (F1/A*AD, S/A*X0 and F1/A*C1) and the interactions of these variants with immobilized copper(II) ions were then studied at pH 7, by chromatography on an iminodiacetate Sepharose-Cu(II) gel. It was found that the different variants encoded by the first of the two genes coding for AAG in humans (i.e. the F1 and S variants) interacted non-specifically with the immobilized ligand, whereas those encoded by the second gene of AAG (i.e. the A, AD, X0 and C1 variants) strongly bound to immobilized Cu(II) ions. These results suggested that chromatography on an immobilized affinity Cu(II) adsorbent could be helpful to distinguish between the respective products of the two highly polymorphic genes which code for human AAG.