Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton Is Coordinately Regulated by Protein Kinase C and the ADP-Ribosylation Factor Nucleotide Exchange Factor ARNO

ARNO is a member of a family of guanine-nucleotide exchange factors with specificity for the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPases. ARNO possesses a central catalytic domain with homology to yeast Sec7p and an adjacent C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We have previously shown that ARNO localizes to the plasma membrane in vivo and efficiently catalyzes ARF6 nucleotide exchange in vitro. In addition to a role in endocytosis, ARF6 has also been shown to regulate assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. To determine whether ARNO is an upstream regulator of ARF6 in vivo, we examined the distribution of actin in HeLa cells overexpressing ARNO. We found that, while expression of ARNO leads to disassembly of actin stress fibers, it does not result in obvious changes in cell morphology. However, treatment of ARNO transfectants with the PKC agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate results in the dramatic redistribution of ARNO, ARF6, and actin into membrane protrusions resembling lamellipodia. This process requires ARF activation, as actin rearrangement does not occur in cells expressing a catalytically inactive ARNO mutant. PKC phosphorylates ARNO at a site immediately C-terminal to its PH domain. However, mutation of this site had no effect on the ability of ARNO to regulate actin rearrangement, suggesting that phosphorylation of ARNO by PKC does not positively regulate its activity. Finally, we demonstrate that an ARNO mutant lacking the C-terminal PH domain no longer mediates cytoskeletal reorganization, indicating a role for this domain in appropriate membrane localization. Taken together, these data suggest that ARNO represents an important link between cell surface receptors, ARF6, and the actin cytoskeleton.

1963 Men's Gymnastics Team,

Back Row: manager Lewis Hyman, Alex Frecsa, Barry Spicer, Jim Hynds, Paul Levy, Phil Bolton, Gil Larose, head coach Newt Loken

Front Row: Mike Henderson, John Hamilton, Arno Lascari, Fred Sanders, Gary Erwin

A handbook for travellers in Northern Italy : being a guide to the states of Sardinia, Lombardy and Venice, Parma and Piacenza, Modena, Lucca, and Tuscany as far as the Val D'Arno.

Includes index.

Val d'Arno; ten lectures on the Tuscan art directly antecedent to the Florentine year of victories; given before the University of Oxford in Michaelmas term, 1873.

Mode of access: Internet.

Val d'Arno : ten lectures on the Tuscan art directly antecedent to the Florentine year of victories ; given before the University of Oxford in Michaelmas term, 1873 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Rome-Arno.

Cover title.

University of Michigan Men's GymnasticsTeam, 1962

L-R: Lew Fenner, Bob Harris, Ralph Bromund, Barry Spicer, Jim Hynds, Paul Levy, Tom Osterlamnd, Lew Hyman, John Buss, Phil Bolton, Arno Lascari, Gil LaRose, coach Newt Loken

L'Oratorio della Madonna delle Grazie in San Giovanni Val d'Arno : monografia storico-artistica ... /

Includes bibliographical references.

Analyzing the prevalence of sports-related terms among the web sites of global corporations

This research investigates the prevalence of sports-related terms among the Web sites of the world’s leading companies, the Fortune Global 500. An automated process copied about four gigabytes of textual data, around 70 million words, from their sites. The subsequent analysis revealed regional and industry differences in the distribution of sports-related terms, the popularity of tennis stars and few references to sports stars, especially in Asia.

Comparing the diffusion of online service recovery in small and large organisations

A key concern organisations face is how to incorporate Internet tools into their marketing communications mix. Where and how should companies invest their human, technological and financial resources? This paper explores a subset of this problem, online complaining and electronic customer service. It applies diffusion of innovation as a theoretical framework to investigate organisational implementation of email technology and explain the outcome of annual customer service surveys in 2001, 2002 and 2003. The results add to the small body of research on electronic service recovery by extending diffusion of innovations to email service recovery and underscoring the importance of adoption phases, particularly for SMEs. Larger companies provide more channels for submitting complaints, which represents an early phase of adoption. There was little difference in how large and small companies respond to online complaints, a later phase of adoption.

Sport marketing on Fortune Global 500 websites

This research investigates how the world’s leading companies, the Fortune Global 500, use sportsrelated terms and phrases on their Web site. An automated process mirrored leading transnational corporations’ Web presence and then searched their sites. Analysis of about four gigabytes of Webbased text revealed regional and industry differences in how the world’s largest corporations use sports terms on their sites.

[Tagebuch] 1941-

Typescript with handwritten corrections of a memoir, written in the form of a diary

Visionary Portrait.

The expressionist head of a young man emerges from the dark shadows. His face is a long oval, with full lips and strongly flared nostrils, framed by black hair and small black beard.

Baltic Sea : security tomorrow - three future scenarios

Aineisto on Keskustakampuksen kirjaston digitoimaa ja kirjasto vastaa aineiston käyttöluvista.