Identificación de episodios climáticos fríos mediante el registro de susceptibilidad magnética en la secuencia lacustre del maar de Fuentillejo (Ciudad Real).

Resumen: El maar de Fuentillejo está localizado en la Región Volcánica Central de Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real). Desde su inicio se ha comportado como un sistema cerrado y presenta una potencia total de 142 m de sedimentos lacustres, organizados en 23 unidades sedimentarias. Se ha realizado un estudio de la susceptibilidad magnética y densidad aparente de los sedimentos, mediante un equipo de testificación multisensor Geotek. Para obtener la edad del registro se han efectuado dataciones absolutas mediante radiocarbono, U-Th y con el estudio de polaridad magnética, obteniéndose un modelo de edad que permite datar el sondeo FUENT-1 en torno a los 350 ka. Los datos del registro de susceptibilidad magnética, junto con las dataciones efectuadas, permiten identificar una secuencia de eventos erosivos relacionados con los últimos estadios glaciares (LGM: Ultimo Máximo Glaciar y los estadios isotópicos MIS 6 y 8). El registro de susceptibilidad magnética se encuentra atenuado por procesos de disolución de los óxidos de Fe-Ti. Abstract: The Fuentillejo maar is located in the Central Spanish Volcanic Field of Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real). Fuentillejo maar-lake was a closed system where up to 142 m depth of lacustrine sediments were deposited. Magnetic susceptibility and bulk density were measured by a GEOTEK multisensor core logger. The chronological framework was constructed based on radiocarbon and U-Th methods, as well as a detailed study of magnetic polarity, yielding an age model that covers last 350 ka. Intervals with terrigenous sediments correspond to high magnetic susceptibility values. These intervals were correlated with erosive events during the Last Glacial Maximum and the MIS 6 and 8 isotopic stages. The record of magnetic susceptibility is attenuated by disolution processes of Fe-Ti oxides.

Paleoclimate records from maar Monticchio

Oxygen-isotope records from Greenland ice cores indicate numerous rapid climate fluctuations during the last glacial period. North Atlantic marine sediment cores show comparable variability in sea surface temperature and the deposition of icerafted debris. In contrast, very few continental records of this time period provide the temporal resolution and environmental sensitivity necessary to reveal the extent and effects of these environmental fluctuations on the continents. Here we present high-resolution geochemical, physical and pollen data from lake sediments in Italy and from a Mediterranean sediment core, linked by a common tephrochronology. Our lacustrine sequence extends to the past 102,000 years. Many of its features correlate well with the Greenland ice-core records, demonstrating that the closely coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial extended its influence at least as far as the central Mediterranean region. Numerous vegetation changes were rapid, frequently occurring in less than 200 years, showing that the terrestrial biosphere participated fully in lastglacial climate variability. Earlier than 65,000 years ago, our record shows more climate fluctuations than are apparent in the Greenland ice cores. Together, the multi-proxy data from the continental and marine records reveal differences in the seasonal character of climate during successive interstadials, and provide a step towards determining the underlying mechanisms of the centennial-millennial-scale variability.

Pollen record from Eifel maar

A new interglacial pollen sequence from the Döttinger dry maar in the Eifel region of the Rheinish Schield is presented. Palynology is used to correlated to several classical north German Holsteinian sites. The lake sediments reveal the complete interglacial and also 60 m of laminated sediments from the glacial preceding the Holsteinian. The interglacial section indicates limnic conditions in its lower part and telmatic conditions in its upper part with an intermediate episode of peat formation. Ash layers document internsive volcansim during the interglacial in the Eifel region. Some of the north German Holsteinian sites reval spikes of high abundance of Pinus, Beutal and Poaceae and/or setbacks of more demanding taxa during the interglacial, often interpreted as cold events. The Döttingen profile shows similar pattern, but with little response from the thermophilous pollen taxa. In the Döttingen sequence these vegetation 'anomalies' are preceded, or accompanied by phases of active volcanism. The role/interaction of climate and/or volcanism as a likely cause for these vegetation 'anomalies' ist still to be quantified.

Quantitative PCR assay of sewage-associated Bacteroides markers to assess sewage pollution in an urban lake in Dhaka, Bangladesh

This paper aimed to assess the magnitude of sewage pollution in an urban lake in Dhaka, Bangladesh by using Quantitative PCR (qPCR) of sewage-associated Bacteroides HF183 markers. PCR was also used for the quantitative detection of ruminant wastewater-associated CF128 markers along with the enumeration of traditional fecal indicator bacteria, namely, enterococci. The number of enterococci in lake water samples ranged from 1.1 x 104 to 1.9 x 105 CFU/100 ml of water. From the 20 water samples tested, 14 (70%) and 7 (35%) were PCR positive for the HF183 and CF128 markers, respectively. The numbers of the HF183 and CF128 markers in lake water samples were 3.9 x 104 to 6.3 × 107 and 9.3 x 103 to 6.3 x 105 genomic units (GU)/100 ml of water, respectively. The high numbers of enterococci and the HF183 markers indicate sewage pollution and potential health risks to those who use the lake water for non-potable purposes such as bathing and washing clothes. This is the first study that investigated the presence of microbial source tracking (MST) markers in Dhaka, Bangladesh where diarrhoeal diseases is one of the major causes of childhood mortality. The molecular assay as used in this study can provide valuable information on the extent of sewage pollution, thus facilitating the development of robust strategies to minimise potential health risks.